期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2016年 17卷 2期
Keywords:Sea Island cotton, SSR marker, agronomic traits, genetic diversity,
摘 要 ：依据海岛棉种质资源的遗传及表型特征来对其遗传多样性进行研究非常重要，可以为海岛棉杂交育种选配亲本、引进新的种质资源拓宽优异基因范围以及培育海岛棉新品种提供理论根据。本研究通过利用125对SSR分子标记鉴定结果和13个农艺性状两年田间表型调查结果对94份海岛棉种质资源进行遗传多样性分析，将这些材料按照遗传和表型特征进行了类群的划分和比较，得到以下结论：（1）通过标记分析共检测到420个位点，其中249个为多态性位点，并应用Nei-Li相似系数法对94份材料间的遗传相似系数进行评估，发现94份海岛棉资源材料的遗传相似系数在0.46-0.95之间浮动，同时利用SSR分子标记将94份海岛棉资源材料划分为4大类群，分类结果与系谱分析基本吻合；（2）对94份海岛棉资源材料进行13个农艺性状及品质性状两年调查分析，发现供试材料品质性状的变异范围较广，而产量性状的变异范围相对较小。其中，各品种中马克隆值的多样性指数最高，最小的是单铃重。聚类分析发现，第一类品种品质较优，产量变化范围较大；第二类品种多为低产低质品种；第三类品种产量性状的平均值较高；第四类品种虽在产量性状上不占优势，但其品质性状的表现较其他组别优异。（3）利用SSR标记和农艺性状分析两种方法对94份海岛棉资源材料进行分析，结果均显示出较丰富的遗传多样性；两种方法的聚类结果基本一致，聚类结果与地理分布有明显的联系。
Abstract:It is very important to studying the genetic diversity of sea island cotton based on genetic and phenotypic characteristics, which can provide a theoretical basis for sea island cotton hybrid breeding in selecting parents, introduce new germplasm resources for broadening the range of genetics and breed new varieties. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of Sea Island cotton in 94 germplasm based on the identification of 125 SSR molecular markers and investigation of 13 phenotypic traits in the field in two years, and classified into different groups and comparied them according to their differences in genetic traits and phenotypic traits. The results were as following: (1) there were 420 loci being detected using molecular markers, of which 249 loci were polymorphism, and Nei-Li similarity coefficient method were applied to estimate the genetic similarity coefficient between 94 sea island cotton varieties. It was showed that the genetic similarity coefficient was between 0.46~ 0.95. Meanwhile these 94 sea island cotton varieties were divided into four groups using SSR molecular markers and the classification results were in agreement with the results of pedigree analysis. (2) The results of phenotypictraits showed that the range of the quality traits were wide while the range of yield traits were narrow. According to the diversity cluster analysis, the diversity index of micronaire value was the highest among these traits, on the contrary, the diversity index of single boll weight was the lowest. It was also found that type Ⅰ had wider range in yield and the quality in the middle of these types; type II was with low value both in yield and quality; type III had higher mean value in yield than others; and type IV was not good at yield trait, but it’s fiber trait was better than others. (3) Combination of SSR markers and agronomic traits analysis showed that the genetic diversity of 94 sea island cotton germplams was rich. These two methods had the same results in classification and the results of clasification had been related with geographic distribution.