Abstract:The study had analyzed the Shannon-Weaver and Simpson indexes of 11 phenotypic traits including plant type，leaf shape，leaf size，leaf color，peanut shell shape，thickness of skin texture，depth of skin texture，flowering habit，grain size，grain color，grain shape on 23 peanut varieties which were registered in Fujian Province．The results showed that flowering habit, grain color and grain size traits are all the same and the genetic diversity index of 23 peanut cultivars were SI = 0.506, SWI = 0.796 respectively, fruit shape was the lowest (SI = 0.237, SWI = 0.387) and textured thickness was the highest (SI = 0.755, SWI = 1.335). The genetic diversity among 23 peanut varieties was analyzed with 50 SSR markers, 9 SSR loci were polymorphism．59 bands were polymorphic, 6.56 polymorphic bands could be detected by each marker averagely, The polymorphism information content(PIC)was varied from 0.74 to 0.95,with an average of 0.88. The genetic similarity(GS) among 23 peanut varieties were calculated based on the data from these SSR markers, the value of GS ranged from 0.225 to 0.818，with an average of 0.579. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the 23peanut varieties could be divided into three groups at similarities coefficient of 0.55. Most of the similar varieties were bred by the same breeders or belonged to the same type, which was in accordance with the pedigree information, the use of irradiation mutagenesis material for broadening the genetic base of peanuts obviously played an important role. The results of SSR analyzing genetic diversity are basically consistent with the pedigree.