Abstract:In order to utilize and estimate efficiently the Erianthus fulvus and to develop the elite traits, genetic diversity index, correlation coefficient of variance, correlation among quantitative traits, and correlation between quantitative traits and longitude, latitude or altitude were evaluated based on 5 quantitative traits of 29 Erianthus fulvus collected from Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan in 2012-2013.The results showed that:(1) 25 high altitude germplasm resources were collected, of which more than 2800 meters have 4 clones, and enrich the wild germplasm resource library of sugarcane in China;(2)The Shannon-Wiener genetic diversity index was high, the stalk length trait exhibited the highest genetic diversity index (1.441), while brix trait showed the lowest (1.291). There were high genetic variances in quantitative traits, with variation coefficient ranging from 21%～38% ,stalk length showed the highest variance value (38%) and lamina length showed the lowest (21%). (3) There were highly significant differences in quantitative traits, there was a significant correlation between lamina length, lamina width, stalk diameter and stalk length each other, not related with the brix. Lamina width traits showed positively correlation with longitude,and negative correlations with latitude, altitude.(4)The cluster analysis indicated, 29 Erianthus rufipilus resources could be divided into four groups, Erianthus fulvus Ⅱ(EF-27) groups had a good quality potential of brix, could be used as recommendations for development and utilization of breeding materials.