Abstract:Six generations（P1 、P2 、F1 、F2 、B1 、B2 ）derived from a cross of ‘0246’（cultivated inbred line）and‘Y101’（wild germplasm）were used to study the inheritance of melon（Cucumis melo L.）fruit sugar content correlated traits , with joint analysis method of mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. The results showed that fructose content, glucose content and total sugar content were controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes plus additive-dominant-epistatic polygene model effects (E-0),and the heritabilities of major genes in F2 population were estimated as 90.32%,.82.42% and 94.66%,respectively. The sucrose content was controlled by one pairs of additive major genes plus additive-dominant polygene model effects (D-2)，and the heritability of major genes in F2 population was estimated as 83.76%. This implied that the major genes had strong effects on fruit sugar content correlated traits of melon,while the environment played a little role, so it would be more efficient to be selected in the early generation.