免费文献传递   相关文献

Advance in studies on antibacterial effect of flavonoids

黄酮类化合物抑菌作用研究进展



全 文 :¶·¸D¹zº»¼ž•–½¾
KLM
!*
!
8N
*
!
!
OP

!
QR,
*
!
STU
*
!
!
CVW
*
d
SLps
!
SL S™
$$$#%
*,
SLmš³äs ›³œš˜žqrŸ SLmš˜žz{ ¡|
!
SL S™
$#$#

st
#!
ƒ»+,Ç!oôIm(Ò#ĆCQ„bc%Ñ
$
^L±ý_`D†„G܄ÄÅ,z
)
¶·!=Üs
µŸz$„Ñ\¸D¹z
$
0G63º»

*ົ³º’ƒ»ÀÇ^¼ž
)
iCüýN
*$$
qàt¶·¸D¹zº»¼
ž³´ÿ’•–½¾½fËÞ
)

uvw
#!
¶·
*
º»aÇ
*
*༞
*
Üì”
*
¼žÿ’

xy)(
#!*$)4$4*

z{|P
#!
%æáUÎíší()“”œÚÎè
!<3>84***
=5
ì›ç&|úabèé
!
c&|u
+*$$7,*
<
*
=5ì›ç&|
ú÷øƎèé
!
c&|u
+*$$,)
<
*
=5ìÎ&òò9|ú
!*$$$#*
=}4-ê&(†fÎè
!*$)(%

}~€
#!
!
ø¸,
$
•–ö
$
3øÒ¦ù
$DKV#!$*$(%7#*&($
F4/OJV# VJO.QR2#)d-./*
!
.d
$
÷ø
$
Ղ•–ö
$DKV# ! $*$
(%*)#(7%$F4/OJV# VJWSO1*)&2*#d-./

€‚
#!
ðea
$
3ø•–Ò
$DKV#)#$*&*7)#$F4/OJV# 5.WRJ1I4
PW.2*#d-./
!!
2Ÿ›Òž„fž
$
ªò»sÔ=܄+,Ç×{æ
*
¼goôIm(Ò#ĆCWXY%Ñ
+,
)
‰²Û
$
Ñ!†„›»,z¼•’DÃĝžÑv±ý
l$
q
$
<
ƒ»šÒ+,±
* l)
q
)
çw
$
•e†„›»,z×{
æÓ,ší#Ä^L>W
)
|ŸéH›»,z„•–
áº
$
Ïçšz„º»¼žbDгàì£
$
M´!¶·¸
D¹z
$
×{æNqt•–„1%Ñ
+*,
)
\C}y
ä
$
›ç½$¼{^zDÛ^z
$
@›z„×

t

!
è

Pˆà³ˆ

($õö„˜Š¸¶·
$
g0Gº»¼
ž
+)4,
)
쟶·¸D¹zº»aDŽ•–+G8Š¶Þ
$
*$$
qàtµ¶·¸D¹z„º»aÇ

Ü씳¼žÿ’^Ó#ö؄•–½¾¼Ñ¶Þ
)
!
¶·€ê뇸
¶·¸D¹z!=ÜsµŸ›ç½„Ñ\¸D¹z
)
¶·¸D¹z!>
*
kTR
!3

X
R


<
)
U3<æ
„Ñ”¬D¹z
$
+Ã!0G
<
#
4<
)
4<
#
€
$
v°!à
*4
T
|Zò·hA„D¹z
)
áU•–yˆ
$
¶·„|iy°
$
3
R@Ÿ
)
knñ¬Ô`
3$
<
X
R2ß*¬Ô`
3
Òz
¹æ+#,
)
›ç½$¶·¸D¹zŠàиéWsµ
$
2
ŸÐyßà
$
à³-„!¸



U3’E™U3ÓW„ß
à
$
v›ç½$éæÐ?é3Š

€p3„¶·¸D¹z
)
ˆ‰¶·¸D¹z
3

X
R$5„
<
)
i„†D
ß
<
)
i!®æR^€êë
$
ɖ¶·¸D¹z
#
¶·
!SVO_.1K
ñH¶·
!SVO_.1.1K
¶·.
!SVO_.1.V
ñH¶
·.
!SVO_O1.1.V
3¶·
!JQ.SVO_.1K
ñH3¶·
!JQ.SVO4
_O1.1K
½j·
!-POV-.1K
ñH½j·
! UJP5UT.-POV-.1K
¶·
!OWT.1K
×Zž
!O1RP.-5O1JUJ1Q
¶ê
4)4
.
!SVO_O14)4
.V
¶ê
4)$&
ñ.
!SVO_O14)$&4UJ.VQ
bT6l·
!6O1RP.1K
™b¶·
!^JSVO_.1.JUQ
^
+%,
)
¶·¸D¹z„üýD€
~i
)
(!
¶·¸D¹z63º»¼ž
(_!
¶·¸D¹z63º»aÇ
›
*$
¼g
#$
qUàt
$
ìŸÏçšz$¶·¸D¹z
º»aDŽ•–cìsÔÙÚ
)
½U
*
¼gÂ
$
ê»!†
N¾q
$
N¶·¸D¹zº»aDŽ•–¦È=Ü

TU
)
G•–ùä
$
Ë`¼zrkñ$ï؄¶·õöz0Gd
G„º»aÇ
$
´†{º»žß
!9:<
EF:Ÿ
d$ /I-
B
g +(4$,
)
¶·¸D¹zµº»¼žÓ#ùá1„§fa
Ç
$
KÀÐ;t;Š„&•ïöܾ˜ì•–
)
:%l^
+,
•–eáüý
*
Jö„mnèm¶·õözNƒ»™
Í»g0Gº’¼ž
$
Nƒ»„º’¼ž¦G
)
»_5^
+&,
Eh8Ðßàõö/MNÐ×Ö¤èm¶·õö¢³º»
aDŽcd
)
üÖ-^
+,
œžýo¢ÔN¼p+qt$Ø
D„¶·¸D¹z
(((
€*ž½fк»aǕ–
$
eá€
*žN\€r»

ú¶Z23ô»

w7s»

.™s»³ä
åÖtr»gGº’¼ž
$
´$N\€r»™w7s»„º
’¼ž†G
)
v¯_^
+*,
•–eá\r3¶·³´GŠÐ
yN\€r»

ú¶Z23ô»

äåÖtr»™w7s»
gGÑø„º»aÇ
$
°sµžßîŸÜ
$
\r3¶·N
ã:SÇ»„º’ÜPbŸã:ŽÇ»
)
(_(!
Ü씕–
m“t
$
쟶·¸D¹zº»aǁÜ씄•–
cì˜N8¥
) *$$
q
$^
+),
NwH¶·¸D¹z
-&#)-
v
)(
¯v
*
x
*$)
q

r
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !
].Vd)($:QQWK!*
;._K/^KT$ *$)
!!
i
!
¶·¸D¹z„üý€
@JId!8[KVKR.1 QRTW-RWTKQ.SRPK/OJ1 -VOQQKQ.SSVO_.1.JUQ
º»aǁÜ씄•–½fжÞ
)
Nqt
$
NŸ¶·D
¹zº»aDŽÜì”GЦTU„•–
)
¼€ê
ëÁÉàeá
$
½j·
!
¸¹ñH½j·

0G´”¶·¸D
¹zŠVG„
<
)
iÜR€
)
zçdŠ•–€Pùä
$

R€„½j·0GaDzÔÜP„€?yN´”¶·
¸D¹zàÙ0G²Ü¼ž
$
d!ЦÁçKÝ䶷
¸D¹zº»aDŽÜì”
$
iC*–¶·¸D¹z
½j·
!
¸¹ñH½j·

™´”¶·¸D¹z»½f
ÝÞ
)
(_(_!
½j·¸
!

3
R
#
¶‘HÉàeá
$3
R
„*|D³?úÇN½j·„º»aÇdQý
) 3_JVO
^
+&,
•–yä
$
½j·
3

*o
’„*|D²G´º»aÇ
$
veá_!²Ü¼žÉ!BŒÖ½½j·€1øÇ<
53ˆá„
) BJW aB
^
+,

$3
R
&o
’„*|D+õ
Û½j·„º»aÇ
) 3V_OTKZ9G
^
+#,
•–ùä
$3

”’E„*|D+õÛ½j·„º»aÇ
) 3_JVO
+&,
™
XOR._Q[O
^
+%,
„•–aùä
$3
R„?úÇNŸ½j·„º
»aÇdQý
) 3

)o
’„3uñç|öUÀ)²G
½j·„º»aÇ
$
<
3
R
*o
’„Ö¬†|Dr7†|Dà
³
3
R
)o
™
o
’„vöUa+%{½j·„º»aÇ
)
d
wê„!
$;JKVQK1
+(,

3
R
&o
’„²|DõÛ½j·
„G/ÇN
#$
ø
$
”N´º»aÇcdd:
)

X
R
#
µ
X
R
&
’Á„öUNŸ½j·„º»¼ž
KQý
) ;.+O[.+Q[O
^
+7,
•–ùä
$X
R
&
’Á„
<
#
i
ê|öU

xy|öUr*|öU²G½j·„º»a
Ç
) XOR._Q[O
^
+%,
•–ùä
$
˜NŸ
3
R„?úÇ
$
½j·
X
RÁ„*|DN´º»aDŽ²Ü¼žvßäÀ
) X
R
)
’r

’Á„Qv7|rQz7|öU+õÛ½j·„
º»aÇ
)
(_(_(!
´”¶·¸D¹z
!

3
R
#%
’Á
D4
¬|ö
U
+*$,
r
D4
êO|öU
+*,
aõÛ_¸¶·D¹z„º»

) 8/K0[OV
^
+**,
•–ùä
$3
R

’Á„*|DN²G
¶·¸D¹z„º»aÇàÙQý
) BJHC
^
+*),

3
R
„
#
’ry
(
’Á„?úÇöU|a+²G¶·¸D¹
z„º»aÇ
)

X
RÁöU|„Ü씕–˜N8¥
) 8/K4
0[OV
+**,
^„•–ùä
$X
RÁ„7†|öU+{Œ¶·¸D
¹z„º»aÇ
)

<
R
$)
’Á„*|D²G¶·¸D¹z„º»

)
;t;Š„•–ùä
$)
’Á„
D4
¬|öUr
D4
ê|
öU²G¶·¸D¹z„º»aÇ
+*&4*,
) 9WIPOV
^
+*#,
•
–ùä
$<
R
&
’Á„
E
9
8
r
;
öU
$
äÀ²G¶·¸
D¹z„º»aÇ
)
(_&!
¼žÿ’•–
*$$
q%H„•–$
$
\n–¶·¸D¹z„63º»
¼žÿ’PÜ
)
!
#
Ñ!%{Y„pŽÇryYõø<¦
nƒ»ƒ„{Y„ˆÙ
+*%4*(,
*
ñ!º’|}3`aǽ<
º’ƒ»Aw„¹æ
+*7,
*
Q!º’
;3GH4
ƒ„Zž
<

-#&#)-
v
)(
¯v
*
x
*$)
q

r
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !
].Vd)($:QQWK!*
;._K/^KT$ *$)
`aÇ<º’ƒ»„U‰
+)$,
)
Nqt
$
NŸ¶·¸D¹z„63º»¼žÿ’GЦ
½Ñ}„•–
)
;t;Š„•–ÝnyäÐàÁ
)
!¼ž
ÿ’
)
•–ùä
$
¶·.¸

¶ê
4)4
.¸™¶ê·¸BŒ
Œ†DHÍÎn„ƒ„{Y¼<º’ƒ»Ò9
+)4)),
$
¶ê
4
)4
8‡3¶·¸•ÉBŒº’|}3`aÇ
+)&,
rº’ñ
HtwEò`aÇ
+),
tº’ƒ»Aw„¹æ
) ^
+)#,
yˆ¶ê
4)4
.™¶·¸„º»ÿ’!BŒº’
3D?
¹
æ`aÇ
$
½<º’ƒ»„U‰tšÒº»aÇ
)
”
Ó
$
Nx„•–Eõ1Ð
*
!†„¼žÿ’
#
Ñ!BŒº’
-4
nþw
4-4
nþwU3`aÇ
+)%,
<º’ƒ»ƒ„鄹
æ
*
ñ!BŒº’
@O^M$@O^:$@O^ $`>_$#)#$c38 ::

`„aÇ
+)(4&,
$
<º’ƒ»ƒ„Y„¹æ
)
Fw
$
¼yl¶·¸D¹zº»¼žÿ’Éàû¾

!
#
Ñ!ˆÙƒ»ƒ„{Y
*
ñ!º’ƒ»Aw„¹æ
*
Q
!º’ƒ»„U‰
*
D!º’ƒ»ƒ„鄹æ
*
=!
º’ƒ»ƒ„Y„¹æ
)
d!
$
ÁÞ\Š?•–0!.NÑ

ukD¹z½f„
)
çw
$
µd9Ñ:T5m
$
NŸ¶·¸D¹z!®
#
#w!
ßà€„¶·¸D¹z0G´@Þº»¼žÿ’
*
$ŠG
„¶·¸D¹zaGŠÍ΄º»¼žÿ’
*
%ŠG„¶·
¸D¹za0Gàل?ÑÍκ»¼žÿ’
$
*çEG
êƒ
)
2Ÿ\Š?¶·¸D¹zµ€Ásµd\„˜…Ç
$
•–yå³àlìŸw!ßà€„¶·¸D¹z0G
´@Þº»¼žÿ’„£æބɝdž:
)

$
Nq
tNŸ¶·¸D¹z„º»aǕ–½¾8B
$
;t;Š„
aǶ·X€*ž9Šn•–
$
v°Ø1Њ!¼žÿ’
)
_ÃvؔÓ
*
!£
$
ŠG„¶·¸D¹za0GŠÍÎ
„º»¼žÿ’ry0Gàل?Ѽžÿ’
$
¦ïå
Š3b
)
Át˜Š•–al¶·¸D¹zÛ0GŠÍ΄
º»¼žÿ’
+&*,
$
d!†N„•–½¾ùäŠÍμžÿ
’£vßÑøɉ
)
©X
$BJXH
^
+&),
•–eáùVB
è+,žVBèw8
!FMN¼\€r»$Iõö„
@O^M
`GI!¼ž
$
d!éHàßÁØ
FM!®N´”
„`+GI!ÜPr´”„¶·¸D¹zN¸…`+Gà
لI!¼ž
)
¦Qý„!
$
_ѕ–€P
$
¦ÈvïåN
BŒ“ÓÿD„`º’]mtO‚¶·¸D¹z„º»¼
žÿ’„€PšÒæç
#
¶·¸D¹zº»¼žÉ@ŸÀ
‹˜ì`„I!
$
<ãN`„ê3Ǻ’
)

$
µÑ`쟺»¼žÿ’„•–$
$
ɝsµR
%
çPì”
&
„C~
)
©X
$
XPÑkº»,zn„Ѓ»„
ƒ„{Y
$
«–À‹{莘c„C
$
€3D?
„Ò晄8Óz{„‡Å
)
‡©X
$
XPƒ»ƒ„U
‰r€U‰„˜%{
$
´¹æ
G;3
³I-„
˜+–MŒ
)
µ_!’Ì¿
$
ïåd,l–Ñk?ÑÍ΄
º»¼žÿ’9lŠÍ΄º»¼žÿ’
)
àÙK
$
XP
Ñkº»,zº’Ѓ»
G;3
CU`„aÇ
$
ÉÀ
eƒ»ƒ„„«Ç:-‡›/
)
µ_!’Ì¿
$
º’ƒ»
Aw¹æÍ΄º»¼žÿ’dGɝ99l!n„ƒ
»ƒ„{YÍ΄¼žÿ’
)
&!
¶·¸D¹z„*ົ¼ž
&_!
¶·¸D¹z„*ົaǕ–
Nqt
$
GdŠìŸ¶·¸D¹z²G›Òžº»aÇ
„•–cì
)
Át•–Šœž„ÓÔßÁ˜à
$
d!aBŒ
1º»žß>?
!@:<:
íùä
$
¶·¸D¹zN›Òž
º»aDŽ²Ü¼ž!\`„*༞<ãƒ?„È™¼
ž
+&&4&#,
)
µŠG¶·¸D¹z$
$
¶ê
4)4
.¸D¹z„º
»*༞†bì£
$
+•–„†TU
) 8RO\VKR.1
^
+&%,
•
–eáVBè¬|¶ê
4)4

$
X
! g4
ù+,žVBèw
86²G
4
8¬O¸›ÒžN+7†PAú¶Z23ô
»
!9>83
„º»aÇ;
*
ø
)
μ^
+&(,
•–yˆ¶
·¸D¹z‡\R88¸›Òž0G*à›»¼ž
$
´¼ž
ÿ’ɝ!uyD€Á0G™‚Ç
$
G¨æ,ztí
Қ›»†,„ˆ‰
)
&_(!
Ü씕–
˜NŸ63º»¼ž
$
¶·¸D¹z*ົ¼ž„
Ü씕–E8¥
)
ç<
$
쟶ê
4)4
.„•–€Päuy
ˆ
$
VBè¬|rVBèw8|aNŸ¶ê
4)4
.²G
4

O`N
9>83
„º’aÇFìQý
+&%,
)
”Ó
$
G•–ùä
$
µ
3
R

’
%
’à³
X
RÁ„*|DNŸ¶·¸

¶·.
¸

¶ê·r¶ê
4)4
.¸D¹z²G3ƒVN€A¤r»
!9#;&%;)(1.5).&(;.0414
„º»aÇ0GQý¼ž
+&&,
)
&_&!
¼žÿ’•–
•–ùä
$
VB謶ê
4)4
.ɝBŒMŒƒ»ƒ„é
séw„
-4
nþ¬D¼ž
$
rnv)͞€¹óô
*O
!?X?*O
&a³I’
$
¼<ˆáN
4
8¬Oº»aDŽ±
­
+&74$,
)
´¼žÿ’ɝ!º’Ð
?X?*O
„ùbrÖ½Ð
¶ê
4)4
.‡I-„€¹
+,
)
NŸ´”¶·¸D¹z
$
X
¶·

3¶·

¶·.

¶ê·^
$
G•–ùä
$
_`D¹zÉ
BŒ¦nƒ»ƒ„Óç„&a
$
r’ƒ„{Y1øÇ
$
r½S
?X?*O
„¹æ
$
rº’|}3`aÇ^ÍÎt²G

4
8¬O¸›Òž„º»aÇ
+*4),
)
]!
¶·¸D¹zNƒ»nªÇ„cd
]_!
º’X`„aÇ
˜Šã:SÇ»„ù#óôa!{ŒX`„çD¼
ž<~w

…øDƒ„éÁ
$
2Ÿù#óôµªò»„nª
ÇÓ#‹ì¼ž
$
ŠàX`Gɝæ%{ã:SÇ
»nªÇ„Qý,z§(
+&,
) cO1I
^
+,
µƒ„G§Á•
–ÐmZžNú¶Z23ô»X`
3
™X`
X
„aÇ
$
€Pùä
$
{mZžf‚Â
$
ú¶Z23ô»‡j‹óôò
-%&#)-
v
)(
¯v
*
x
*$)
q

r
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !
].Vd)($:QQWK!*
;._K/^KT$ *$)
„€¹˜äÀ¿%
$
½<¦n´nªÇäÀMŒ
)
àTE
ùä
$
mZžNƒ»X`„º’¼ž!ê3DŽ
)
_+y
ä
$
NX`„º’¼žÉ!¶·¸D¹z
!
X¶ê
)4
.
$
¶ê·

º’ã:SÇ»&ӄQýÍÎ
)
]_(!
$™ƒ»Àž
ƒ»Àžµƒ»nªÇÓ#e6RQý¼ž
$
EFµƒ
»iá:-ƒ»Àž*e6¼ž
)
††•–ùä
$
¶·
¸D¹z6$™ƒ»Àž¼<º’ƒ»nªÇ
) ^
+#,
BŒ“8

“Ó]myˆ
$
+,žŠI“6$™ú¶
Z23ô»Àž
) EP
^
+%,
•–ùä
$
3¶·+$™ƒ»
Àž
$
X{Œú†3¶ž
!IK1JQRKJ1
f‚Œ„
HKBO
ƒ„6
þ‡…Ùˆ»
!M1&(12.081*1;.4
Àž
>R63
„ˆÙ
)
Žz]
m+yˆ
$
ú†3¶žN…Ùˆ»µ
:]“8&Ó+
GÑø„kl¼ž
)

$GKVKPO1R5
^
+(,
•–ùä
$
+,ž
™ù+,ž„I¹z6$™8Àž4úŠ-
!B?8)
v
°µ¡ÀÇe؄e¾qx
$
¸¶·D¹z½S
B?8
™´

DB>&=9G*$%5„˜™¼ž
)
]_&!
º’nªçè„œ
ú¶Z23ô»nªÇ‡´œ˜ì„`™ÀžKL
˜ì
)
†N•–ùä
$
¶·¸D¹z6º’_`nªçè
„œ
) 8POP
^
+7,
BŒ¼Yf‚Œ„ú¶Z23ô»ÁÁ
¤Ns”„#ȝ˜³N̓„„/Š˜
$
eáù+,ž
VBèw86º’ƒ»#È`™Àž„œ
) CJW
^
+#$4#,
•–ùä
$
¥å½‰·
3
+º’ú¶Z23ô»
!
4
Àž„œ
$
vM¥€Àž„œ
)
BŒˆT
?<>
¼Y

$
µº’ƒ»Àžœ„àTŠQR
OIT3
|çK‹G
§„¿%
)
_ä¥å½‰·
3
º’ú¶Z23ô» !
4
À
ž„œF¥1!BŒº’
OIT3
b~”²tˆá„
)
$!
€ƒ
›
*$$
qàt
$
¶·¸D¹z›»aDŽ•–öØÐ
d\½¾
$
vØG«ýNH–æP³TK½f|‚™

$
àÛ¦fK>¦<„•–t¼
)
iCƒ?N¼Ð¶
·¸D¹z„63º»aÇ

*ົadz´Nƒ»ÀÇ
„cd
)
µ<„¶·¸D¹z•–$
$
µYø¶·¸D¹
zº»aÇ|}Á
$
uø´aÇ!®0GXgÇ
$
O䴁
Üì”
$
í´É„¼žÿ’!;،˜„Óå
)
QRƒ
»+,DŽsÔCQ
$
•–†›»,„>W+;t;^L
$
¶·¸D¹zº»aDŽ•––N<º»†,z„•’
õÏÐÑkQýÓå
)

ƒ„…†
#
+ ,!
©i
d
ƒ»+,ǚ҄ÿ’‡††•–½¾
+Y,d
ÃÄ
™ˆmÓ-.
$ *$$7$ ( !# %d
+ * ,!
:t
$
ȁ%
$

d
¶·¸D¹z•–½¾
+Y,d
Κ›
Èt
$ *$$($*#)d
+ ) ,!
Žò
$
¸%â
d
mtm¶·„õö³´º»aǕ–
+Y,d
AšD‡tí
$*$*$)*!*# #)d
+ & ,!
»_5
$
øÃ(
$

$
^
d
ßàõöMNÐ×֤趷X
³º»aÇcd„•
+Y,d
$%(Ò¼m-.
$ *$$%$%
!*#7)d
+ ,!
:%l
$
Ÿ_R
$
¸ò
$
^
d
mn‘$¶·„
*
üýp
“Jö³º»¼ž•–
+Y,d
áUB›&(
$*$$#$ **!*#
(#d
+ # ,!
­†Ò
d
Ïç,zD
+9,d
23
#
ïÑ(Ò1¶Ö
$*$$#
#%d
+ % ,!
V¾‘
$
ãîð
$
ȓ2
$
^
d
zæí
+9,d
23
#
&
1¶Ö
$*$$*#&(#d
+ ( ,!@O^TJ>B$;.IWKJTO98$XTOIO@M$KROVd9JRTO-OT\WQSTJIJUWQ
OKTJOV\OTRQK6PJ^JRKU \.RK1RO1RJ/J-T.^JOV$ O1RJVKJQP/O1JOV$ O1U
O1RJ.6JUO1RKSK-RQ+Y,dXJ.TKQ.WTDK-P1.V$*$$7$$$!#&*(d
+ 7 ,!3TK/W 3E$@O+.VKE3$-T.^JOV$ O1RPKV/J1RJ-O1U -5-V..65IK1OQK4J1PJ^JR.T5O-RJ_JRJKQO1U
\P5R.-PK/J-OVO1OV5QJQ.S$.;41:% 4(1;%+Y,dYFRP1.\POT/O4
-.V$*$$$)!#**d
+$,!AZKV3$8.T[W1 c$E1-OIE$KROVdRJ/J-T.^JOVO-RJ_JRJKQ.SS.WTUJSKTK1R31OR.VJO1 \T.\.VJQQO/\VKQ
+Y,d9J-T.^J.V>KQ$*$$$#$!*#(7d
+,!
üÖ-
$

$
“{¿
d
p+qtõöz€*ž„º»ÜP
+Y,d
B›•–‡Üe
$ *$)$ )&!*#%d
+*,!
v¯_
$
¶2_
$
¡R
d
\r3¶·º»adz´1øÇ
•–
+Y,d
\r&
$ *$)$ )*!# d
+),!:1RY31RJ/J-T.^ 3IK1RQ$*$$$*#!#)&)d
+&,!3_JVOH?$8/O1JOF@$9.1O-PK@G$KROVd8RTW-RWTK4O-RJ_JR5TK4
VORJ.1QPJ\ .SO1RJ^O-RKTJOV-POV-.1KQ+Y,dXJ..TI9KU *$$($#!**#7%7$d
+,!BJW aB$aW NY$M.9Bd@W1-RJ.1OVJZKU -POV-.1KQ+JRP ^OQJ-
SW1-RJ.1OVJRJKQPO_KO1RJ^O-RKTJOVO-RJ_JR5OIOJ1QRUTWIQK1QJRJ_K
3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4+Y,dFWTY9KU +#,!3V_OTKZ9B$ O`TKVJ]F$?O\\O1.;X$KROVdXO-RKTJ.QRORJ-O-4
RJ.1 .SQ51RPKRJ-\.V5P5UT.65VORKU -POV-.1KQOIOJ1QRG4;7(1;71%
;01+Y,dXJ.-KV$*$$&$*(!#)d
+%,!XOR._Q[OG$?OTWQPK_8$8RO/^.VJ5Q[OX$KROVdF6O/J1ORJ.1 .S
IT.+RP J1PJ^JR.T5\T.\KTRJKQ.SQ51RPKRJ--POV-.1KQS.T+PJ-P O1RJ4
^O-RKTJOVO-RJ_JR5+OQ\TKUJ-RKU+Y,dFWTY9KU !#**d
+(,!;JKVQK1 8 @$X.KQK1 D$BOTQK1 9$KROVd31RJ^O-RKTJOV-POV-.1KQ4
^J.JQ.QRKTJ-TK\VO-K/K1R.SRPK&u4P5UT.65IT.W\+Y,dXJ..TI9KU
+7,!;.+O[.+Q[O` $cKUZJOX$8-PT.KUKTMd851RPKQJQ$ \P5QJ-.-PK/J4
-OV\T.\KTRJKQO1U O1RJ/J-T.^JOVK_OVWORJ.1 .S1K+!F4-POV-.1KQ
+Y,dFWTY9KU +*$,!XO^W c8$XO^W DH$8TJ1J_OQ?]$KROVd851RPKQJQO1U 18 21)(
QRWU5.S1._KV%4D4O-5VUKTJ_ORJ_KQ.S.T.65VJ1 3OQO1RJ^O-RKTJOV
OIK1RQ+Y,dXJ..TI9KU +*,!XO^W c8$XO^W DH$8TJ1J_OQ?]$KROVd851RPKQJQO1U ^J.V.IJ-OV
K_OVWORJ.1 .S1._KVRKTJOVOIK1RQ+Y,dXJ..TI9KU -(&#)-
v
)(
¯v
*
x
*$)
q

r
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !
].Vd)($:QQWK!*
;._K/^KT$ *$)
+**,!8/K0[OVc$_.1.JUQST./?%.0,81% )58)4%STWJRQ+Y,dY;OR?T.U$*$$($%
!&#%$#d
+*),!BJHC$8PJB$BJC8$KROVd851RPKQJQ.SUKTJ_ORJ_KQUKQJI1J1IR.J1PJ^JR

4[KR.O-5V4O-5V-OTJKT\T.RKJ1 Q514
RPOQK::!@O^H OQO1RJ^J.RJ-Q+Y,dXJ..TI9KU !%##*#&d
+*&,!ERQW[O;$BJW 9 H$ 8PJ.RO8$KROVd31RJ/KRPJ-JVJ1 TKQJQRO1R
3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4!9>83 -./\.W1UQJQ.VORKU ST./ $%.(.4
8&1014+Y,dXJ.V?POT/XWV$*$$($)!7#%7&d
+*,!?OT[ cG$OV[5VO1OV.IWKQ.S! r4-ORK-PJ1# J/\T._K/K1R.SQRO^JVJR5O1U
\T.\.QKU O-RJ.1 /K-PO1JQ/+Y,dFWTY9KU $*(d
+*#,!9WIPOVFA$35OZ9$HWQQOJ1 $`KROVd851RPKQJQO1U O1RJ^O-RKTJOV
O-RJ_JR5.SQW^QRJRWRKU SVO_.1KQ$ &4RPJ.SVO_.1KQO1U &4J/J1.SVO_.1KQ
+Y,dXJ..TI9KU +*%,!:[JIOJH$;O[OKD$HOTON$KROVdXO-RKTJ-JUOV-ORK-PJ1QUO/OIK
RPKVJ\JU ^JVO5KT+Y,dXJ.-PJ/XJ.\P5Q3-RO$77)$&% !#
)*d
+*(,!DQW-PJ5OH$:J1W/O9d>KUW-RJ.1 .S/K/^TO1KSVWJUJR5^5O1RJ4
^O-RKTJOVQ.\P.TOSVO_O1.1KMJQ.VORKU ST./ 3H7(% N1/.%+Y,d
?P5R./KUJ-J1K$*$$$$%!*##d
+*7,!XKT1OTU @a$8O^VK8$QKVK-RJ_KJ1PJ^JR.TQ.SR.\.JQ./KTOQK:]+Y,d31RJ/J-T.^ 3IK1RQ
+)$,!HOTOIW-PJH$DO1J/.R.c$DO/WTON$KROVd9.UK.SO1RJ^O-RKTJOV
O-RJ.1 .STKRT.-POV-.1KQST./O0#;#(71C% 18*0%)+Y,d?P5R.-PK/JQ4
RT5$77($&(!#*d
+),!/J-/K/^TO1KUO/OIKJ1 3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4^5/KOQWTJ1I\.4
ROQQJW/V.QQ+Y,dFRP1.\POT/O-.V$*$$$$!=)#*&)d
+)*,!DO/^ON$EP^O8$cW^.RO9$KROVd8J1IVKMA]/KRP.U TK_KOVQ
J1RKTO-RJ.1 .SRKO-ORK-PJ1 !44K\JIOV.-ORK-PJ1 IOVORK+JRP VJ\JU
/K/^TO1KQ+Y,dXJ.\P5QY$*$$%$7*!7#)%(d
+)),!cWQWUO9$:1OUOc$EIO+ODE$KROVd?.V5\PK1.VJ--.1QRJRWK1R
QRTW-RWTKQ.SB%8)7N#0.5 H1H(1).5 STWJRO1U RPKO1RJ^O-RKTJOV
KSK-RQ.SJRQ\.V5/KTJ-\T.-5O1JUJ1 .1 /KRPJ-JVJ14TKQJQRO1R3)%H7#E
0;;;.4%.(.4+Y,dXJ.Q-JXJ.RK-P1.VXJ.-PK/$*$$#$%$ !##
&*)d
+)&,!MTOUJQOTH$?TJQR._QK[ ?$?VO\KT3$KROVdMTKK1 RKO-ORK-PJ1QJ14
PJ^JR^O-RKTJOVG;3I5TOQK^5J1RKTO-RJ.1 +JRP JRQ3D?^J1UJ1IQJRK
+Y,dY9KU +),!;O_OT.49OTRJ1KZ9G$;O_OT.4?KTO1 F$31RJS.VORKO-RJ_JR5.SK\JIOV.-ORK-PJ1 IOVORKOIOJ1QR3)8)(H7E
58%45%0)H7101%+Y,d31RJ/J-T.^ 3IK1RQ!%#*7&d
+)#,!PJ^JRG4;7(1;71% ;013D?Q51RPOQKJ1 OUJSKTK1RJOV/O11KT+Y,d
:1RYXJ.V9O-T./.V$*$$$&#!#&%(d
+)%,!LW G$c.1IN$HO1 <$KROVd-43VO1J1K# U4OVO1J1KVJIOQKOQO
1K+ROTIKRS.TRPKSVO_.1.JUQbWKT-KRJ1 O1U O\JIK1J1+Y,d:1RY314
RJ/J-T.^ 3IK1RQ$*$$($)*!#&*d
+)(,! P`O1IN9$>.-[ TKVORKU \VO1R\.V5\PK1.VQOQJ1PJ^JR.TQ.SRPK@O^MO1U @O^:TK4
UW-ROQKQ.S^O-RKTJOVR5\K:SOR54O-JU Q51RPOQK+Y,dXJ.V*$$&$*%7!)$#)$77&d
+)7,! P`O1IB$c.1INH$LW GB$KROVdDPTKKSVO_.1.JUQROTIKRJ1IRPK
^KRO4P5UT.65O-5V4O-5V-OTJKT\T.RKJ1 UKP5UTOROQKST./I01;&%;)(
H#0(1# -T5QROVQRTW-RWTK-POTO-RKTJZORJ.1 +JRP K1Z5/ORJ-J1PJ^JRJ.1
OQQO5+Y,d?T.RKJ1 8-J$*$$($%!#7%d
+&$,!XT.+1 3c$?O\OK//O1.WJV3$XP.+TWRP ]$KROVd@VO_.1.JU J14
PJ^JR.TQOQ1._KVO1RJ/5-.^O-RKTJOVOIK1RQROTIKRJ1I>_$#)#$O\W4
RORJ_KUKP5UTOROQKK1Z5/KJ1_.V_KU J1 9#;&%;)(1.5).&(;.0414
SOR5O-JU Q51RPOQK:+Y,d9J-T.^J.V.I5$*$$%$ )!$#))&d
+&,!YK.1IcL$BKKYN$cO1IG:$KROVd8-TKK1J1I.SSVO_.1.JUQOQ
-O1UJUORKO1RJ^J.RJ-QOIOJ1QRG8)(;;;.4*%;%014+Y,d;OR?T.U$
*$$7$ %*!&#%7d
+&*,!M.TU.1 ;<$LOTKPO/GLd31RJ/J-T.^JOVO-RJ_JR5.SRPKITKK1
RKO\.V5\PK1.V!44K\JIOV.-ORK-PJ14)4IOVORK!FM-VJ1J-OVJQ.VORKQ.S3)8)(H758%45%0)H7101%+Y,d:1RY31RJ4
/J-T.^ 3IK1RQ$*$$$)#!*#*7d
+&),!BJXH$HO1I>$GW ND$KROVd:1O-RJ_ORJ.1 /K-PO1JQ/.SRPK[K4
R.O-5V4+O-5V-OTJKT\T.RKJ1, TKUW-ROQK.S^ O-RKTJOVR5\K4:SOR5
O-JU Q51RPOQK^ 5K\JIOV.-ORK-PJ1 IOVORK+Y,dXJ.-PK/*$$#$(& !#%d
+&&,!BK-P1KTG$MJ^^ .1Q8$XW-OT@d9.UWVORJ.1 .SJQ.1JOZJU QWQ-K\RJ4
^JVJR5^ 5SVO_.1.JUQJ1 9#;&%;)(1.5+Y,d?P5R.-PK/BKR$*$$($
#%d
+&,!O1U IK1RO/J-J1 OIOJ1QR_O1-./5-J14TKQJQRO1RG8)(;;;.4+Y,dY
9J-T.^J.V://W1.V:1SK-R$*$$%$&$!##d
+&#,!BKKN8$cO1IEH$-./^J1ORJ.1 .SIOVO1IJ1 +JRP IK1RO/J-J1 OIOJ1QR/KRPJ-JVJ14TKQJQR4
O1R3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4+Y,dY9J-T.^J.V$*$$($&#!)#*()d
+&%,!8RO\VKR.1 ?G$8POP 8$31UKTQ.1 Y<$KROVd9.UWVORJ.1 .S

4VO-4
RO/TKQJQRO1-KJ1 3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4^5-ORK-PJ1QO1U IOVORKQ
+Y,d:1RY31RJ/J-T.^ 3IK1RQ$*$$&$*)!#&#*d
+&(,!
μ
$
tM”
$
!¿
$
^
d
¶·¸D¹z‡\R88¸›Ò
ž„*ົ¼žÿ’
+Y,d
$%Óò,-.
$*$$ )
!7# %$d
+&7,!XKT1OV?$ V`.P 9$DO5V.T?LdGJQTW\RJ.1 .SU4OVO15VKQRKTJSJ-O4
RJ.1 .S3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4-KV+OVRKJ-P.J-O-JU ^5RPK

4VO-4
RO/TKQJQRO1-K/.UJSJKT! g4K\J-ORK-PJ1 IOVORK+Y,dY31RJ/J4
-T.^ +$,!XKT1OV?$BK/OJTK8$?J1P.9M$KROVd:1QKTRJ.1 .SK\J-ORK-PJ1
IOVORKJ1R.RPK-5R.\VOQ/J-/K/^TO1K.S/KRPJ-JVJ14TKQJQRO1R
3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4UJQTW\RQ\K1J-JVJ14^J1UJ1I\T.RKJ1 !?X?
*O4/KUJORKU

4VO-RO/TKQJQRO1-K^ 5UKV.-OVJZJ1I?X?*+Y,dYXJ.V
-7&#)-
v
)(
¯v
*
x
*$)
q

r
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !
].Vd)($:QQWK!*
;._K/^KT$ *$)
+,!8RO\VKR.1 ?G$8POP 8$FPVKTRc$KROVdDPK

4VO-RO/4TKQJQRO1-K
/.UJSJKT!44K\J-ORK-PJ1 IOVORKOVRKTQRPKOT-PJRK-RWTK.SRPK-KV
+OV.S3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4+Y,d9J-T.^J.V.I5$*$$%$) !?R
%#*$7)d
+*,!LO1IC$LO1IH$aJK9d31RJ^O-RKTJOV/K-PO1JQ/.SQ.5^KO1
JQ.SVO_.1K.1 3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4+Y,d3T-P 9J-T.^J.V$*$$$
7*!#(7)d
+),!FW/[K^ M$8O[UOTOR8$8JTJ+.1I8d>K_KTQJ1IXORO4VO-RO/O1RJ^J4
.RJ-TKQJQRO1-K.S3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4+JRP IOVO1IJ1 ST./<0H181%
*1;18%(.5HO1-KO1U Q51KTIJQ/+JRP -KSROZJUJ/K+Y,d?P5R./KU4
J-J1$*$$$(!#&$d
+&,!9OTKQQ.3L$8-P1KK+J1U Ed8.TROQKOQOROTIKR.SO1RJ4J1SK-RJ_K
RPKTO\5+Y,d?POT/O-.V>K_$*$$($#$!#*(d
+,!cO1I8 8$cJ/YM$BKKDH$KROVd@VO_.1.VQJ1PJ^JRQ.TROQKQO1U
Q.TROQK/KUJORKU 3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4-VW/\J1IR.SJ^TJ1.IK1+Y,d
XJ.V?POT/XWV$*$$#$*7!(#%d
+#,!\VO1R\.V5\PK1.VQ.1 RPKR.6J-JR5.SQRO\P5V.-.--OVOV\PO4R.6J1
+Y,,9J-T.^ ?ORP.I$*$$%$&*!=##*d
+%,!EP G>$cJ/Y>$cJ/N>dMK1JQRKJ1 J1PJ^JRQM1&(12.081*1;.4
OUPKQJ.1 O1U -5R.R.6J-JR5R.HKBO-KVQ+Y,d3T-P ?POT/>KQ$
*$$$))!#%(%d
+(,!GKVKPO1R5YX$Y.P1Q.1 XY$HJ-[K5DF$KROVdXJ1UJ1IO1U 1KW4
RTOVJZORJ.1 .SVJ\.\.V5QO--POTJUKQ^5\VO1R\T.O1RP.-5O1JUJ1Q+Y,d
Y;OR?T.U$*$$%$%$!#%(d
+7,!8POP 8$8RO\VKR.1 ?G$DO5V.T?LdDPK\.V5\PK1.V! g4K\J-OR4
K-PJ1 IOVORKUJQTW\RQRPKQK-TKRJ.1 .S_JTWVK1-K4TKVORKU \T.RKJ1Q^5
3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4+Y,dBKR3\\V9J-T.^J.V$*$$($&# !*#
(d
+#$,!CJW Y$YJO1IN$aJOB$KROVd8W^J1PJ^JR.T5-.1-K1RTORJ.1Q.SVJ-.4
-POV-.1K3UK-TKOQK
!
4R.6J1 \T.UW-RJ.1 J1 ^.RP /KRPJ-JVJ14QK1QJ4
RJ_KO1U /KRPJ-JVJ14TKQJQRO1R3)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4JQ.VORKQ+Y,d
BKR3\\V9J-T.^J.V$*$$$$#**)d
+#,!CJW Y$@K1IH$aJO1IH$KROVd:1SVWK1-K.SQW^J1PJ^JR.T5-.1-K14
RTORJ.1Q.SVJ-.-POV-.1K3.1 RPKQK-TKRJ.1 .SK1RKT.R.6J1Q3O1U X
^53)%H7#0;;;.4%.(.4+Y,d@F98 9J-T.^J.VBKR$*$$$)$%
!*#)d
4FJ-AR?.AIBGF.?I@A-AB.K-RB?E.-/?L?RB@LL/-J@A@.FI
NEADJ1I4PW.
$ *
$ B:A@O1
*
!
$ LF;BW

$ E`ANW46JO.
*
$ B:3E8K14ROJ
*
!
$ a:3EMK1I4QPK1I
*
!dO.%8/:8/ ?7%(5%;.)1;%0A812(41)#$ O.%8/C7. $$$#$ 6718%*
*d!#$%&(%)(#*O.%8/:8/ <;%:5#*+4KIBE-RB,!3QO1RJ^J.RJ-UTWITKQJQRO1-KPOQ^K-./K.1K.SRPK/.QRQKTJ.WQRPTKORQR.IV.^OV\W^VJ-PKOVRP$ RPKTKJQO\TKQQJ1I
1KKU R.V..[ S.T1K+KSK-RJ_KRPKTO\KWRJ-UTWIQd@VO_.1.JUQOTKOVOTIK-VOQQ.S-PK/J-OVQ+JUKV5K6JQRJ1 \VO1RQ$ O1U PO_KQW-P KSK-RQ
OQUJTK-RO1RJ^J.RJ-Q$ Q51KTIJQRJ-O1RJ^J.RJ-QO1U J1PJ^JRJ.1 .S^O-RKTJOVO-RJ_JR5d:1 RPJQOTRJ-VK$ +K/OUKOQW//OT5S.TRPKOU_O1-KJ1
QRWUJKQ.1 RPKO1RJ^O-RKTJOVKSK-RQ.SSVO_.1.JUQO1U RPKJT/K-PO1JQ/d
+ ?`D X@EFI,!SVO_.1.JUQ* O1RJ^O-RKTJOVO-RJ_JR5* Q51KTIJQ/* QRTW-RWTK4O-RJ_JR5TKVORJ.1QPJ\* /K-PO1JQ/.SO-RJ.1
F@.#)a](bPRWR,,()&()#

‡ˆ-0
!
‹ŒŒ
#
-$#)-
v
)(
¯v
*
x
*$)
q

r
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !
].Vd)($:QQWK!*
;._K/^KT$ *$)