全 文 ：广 西 植 物 Guihaia 28(3)：336— 339 2008年 5月
On M acromitrium microstomum ，a notable moss
CAO Tong ，SHI Chun-LeiI，GUO Shui-LiangI，
WANG Dong-Sheng2，LIU Feng
(1．Colege of Life and r0 删 Sciences，Shanghai Normal University．Shanghai
200234，China；2．Nabanhe National Nature Reserve，Jinghong 666110．China)
Abstract：A notable moss Macromitrium microstomum ，which has been relx)rded from Taiwan，Hainan and Yun_rlsn as
Macromtrium reimoardtii，is newly reported from the Nabanhe Nature Reserve．Based on examination of the type and
ordinary specimens as wel as survey of literature concerned，M microstomum was described and illustrated．The charac—
teristics of pantropical distribution pattern of the species are discussed and a world distribution map is also preseme&
Key words：Moss；Orthotriehaeeae Macromitrium microstomum ；distribution
CIC Number：Q949．35 Document Code：A Article ID：1000—3142(2OO8)03—0336—04
Macromitirum is the largest genus of the moss
family Orthotrichaceae，with about 368 species recog—
nized in the world(Crosby et a1．，1999)，and is mainly
distributed in more montane，higher elevation sites in
tropical and subtropical regions(Ramsay& Vitt，1984；
Vitt，1983)．The regional revisions of the genus Mac—
rmitrium have been made in New Zealand and Austral—
ia by Vitt(1983)and Vitt& Ramsay(1985a，b，1986)；
Papua New Guinea by Vitt et a1．(1995)：Mexico by
Vitt(1994)．South Africa by Rooy& Wyk(1992)and
Japan by Noguchi(1967)．The greatest distribution
centre of this genus is round the Pacific Ocean．In Chi—
na，44 species have been recorded up to now(Li，2005；
Guo et a1．，2007a，b；Xiong，2000)．
During our study of mosses collected from Naban—
he Nature Reserve in Xishangbanna，Yunnan Province，
we found an interesting specimen which is identical to
Macromitrium microstomum(Hook et Grev)Schwaegr．
After checking the literature concerned，it is found that
this species has been recorded from Taiwan(1watsuki
& Sharp，1970；Lai& Wang，1976；Kuo & Chiang，
1987；Lin，1988)，Hainan Island(Lin et a1．，1992)，and
Yunnan(Li et a1．，2003)，but under the name of Mac—
romitrium reiwardtii Schwaegr． For understanding
this notable species better，some types and ordinary
specimens from China and other countries were exam—
ined by Guo S．L．during his visit to the herbarium of
Missouri gotanlcal Garden(MO)．Based on exami na—
tion of the specimens as well as literature，Macromitri—
um microstomum is newly reported from the Nabanhe
Nature Reserve，)(ishangbanna and described，and its
geographic distribution in the world is presented here．
Maeromitlquni microstomum (Hook．& Grev．)
Schwaegr．，Spec．Musc．Supp1．2(2)：130．1827．Ortho—
trichium microstomum Hook．& Grev．，Edinb．J．Sci．
1：114．1824．TYPE：“Van Dieman’s Land[sic]：Dr．
Spence(Lectotype，E-Grev!selected by Vitt 1985a)，
“Dr．Spence and W ．r．Neill 1824)”(Fig．1)．
Macromitrium reimoardtii Schwaegr．， Spec．
Musc．Supp1．2(2)：69．173．1826．TYPE：“In Java leit
et mi sit c1．Prof．Reinwardt．”(Lectotype，G-Schwaegr!
selected by Vitt，1985a)．
Plants small to moderately size，slender，delicate．
Stem creeping，prostrate，with numerous erect bran—
Received date：2007·09-07 Accepted date：2007-12·。24
基金项目：国家自然科学面上基金(30570121，30770141)；上海科委项目(065458023)[Supported bytheNationalNature Science Foundation ofChina
(30570121，30770141)；Foundation of Shanghai Science and technology(065458023)]
作者简介：曹同(1946一)，男 ，教授 ，博士生导师，从事苔藓植物系统与生态学研究，(E-mail)ct1946@263．net。
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
3期 曹同等：一种值得关注的藓类植物：长柄蓑藓及其地理分布 337
ches，up to 9 n1n1 high．Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate．a—
cuminate-subulate．Branch leaves often flexuous twis—
ted，incurved to enrolled when dry，keeled，spiral ar-
rangement，giving the shoots a ropelike appearance，
spreading when moist，1．3——2．4 rrln long，lanceolate，
gradualy narrowed to a slender acute or short-acumi—
nate apex；leaf margins plane above，recurved below，
entire；costa slender，ending 10——12 cells below the a—
pex to short excurrent． Upper lamina cels 8— 9 m
wide，rounded with occasional cells subquadrate．short—
ly-elliptic，or irregularly quadrate，firm-walled，smooth
and flat；median lami na cells 10- 20×8．0— 10．0 gm，
elliptic to rectangular，flat and smooth；basal lami na
cells elongate，24．0-55．0×7．0-8．0／zm，wi th even—
ly-thickened walls． Inner perichaetial leaves oblong-
lanceolate to ovate-oblong，quickly contracted to a slen—
der acumi na te-sharply cuspidate ape)【． Seta 1 5— 25
rflTl long，straight or flexuose，slender，smooth． Cap—
sule oblong，8一plicate，sharply puckered at darker
mouth；stoma ta superficial on neck．Peristome single，
exostome consists of 16 na rrow，lanceolate，pale，wel
developed teeth，coarsely papilose，endostome absent．
Ca lyptrae cucullate，naked and sma l1．Spore large，iso—
sporous，3O一 54 m in diameter．
Hg．1 Macromitriummicrostomum(Hook．& Grey．)Schwaegr．
1—7．Branch 1eaves；8，9．Perichaetial 1eaves；10．upper cells of
perichaetial 1eaf：11．Medial cells of perichaetial 1ear：12．BaSa1 cells
of perichaetial leafi 13．Upper cels of branch leaf；14．Upper and
medial cdls of branch leaf；15．Medial ceils of branch 1ear；16．Medial
and basal cels of branch 1ear；17．Basal cells of branch 1ear；18，19．
CapSulas．Line scale：A=10 m(10— 17)；B= 100 m(1—9)；C一
500 m(18，19)．
The diagnostic features of M acromitrium micros—
tomum aure：(1)sma ll，olive-green，lustrous plants；(2)
branch leaves spiral arrangement．giving the shoots a
ropelike appearance when dry；(3)M1 leaf cells smooth，
flat and clear；(4)acute leaf apices with costae ending in
the apex；(5)capsules na rrowed to a puckered mouth
on long setae；(6)calyptra cuculate and naked．
Macromitrium microstomum is simi lar to M al—
gustifolium Dozy＆ Molk．and M fasciculare Mitt．It
could be separated from M angustifolium by its
smooth upper lamina cells and straight(not sigmoid)
linear_rectangular basallamina ceils and from M s—
ciculare by its smooth and naked calyptrae．
Specimens examined from China：YUNNAN：
Xishuangbanna，Nabanhe Nationa l Nature Reserve，
Mandian Station，on falen tree trunks beside mountain
road，alt．700 m，Ca o Tong ＆ Song Guo-Yuan 060194
(SHTU)；HAINAN：Changjiang County，vic．Bawan—
glin Forestry Station．Ca 2．6 km ESE of the Station，a-
long logging road up mountain． On falen tree branch，
19。15 N，109。15 E，alt．1 360 m ，W．D．Reese no．
17645，Mar．16 1990(M0)；Chang Jiang Co unty，Vie．
Bawanglin Forestry Station．Ca 2．6 km EsE of the
Station，along logging road up mountain，fallen branch
on mountain top，19。15 N，109。15 E，alt．1 525 m ，W ．
D．Reese no．17656，Mar．16 1990(M0)．
Distribution：Macromitrium microstomum is wide—
ly distributed in the Pacific Ocean area，from Hawai
southward and westward to at least Java．This species
is known from Mexico(Chiapas，Mexico，Veracruz)，
Guatemala，Co sta Rica，Cuba，Jama ica，the Domi nican
Republic，Hawaii，Java(Vitt，1994)，Ca irns，south to
Tasma nia，eastern Australia(Vitt，1985a，b)，New Zeal-
and(Vitt，1983)，W estern Melanesia(Papua New
Guinea，New Guinea，Malaysia)(vitt＆ Ramsay，1995；
Eddy，1996)．Recently，W ilbraham(2007)placed Mac—
romitrium seemannii Mi tt．，^ macropelma Mnl1．Ha1．
and M nitidum Hook in synonymy with M microsto—
mum and increased the range of M microstomum to in—
clude Brazil(St．Helena)，South Africa and Malawi ．
This species is recorded under the na me of Macromi—
trium reinzvardtii from Japan(Honshu，Kyushu)
(Noguchi，1994，1watsuki，2004)，Philippines(Luzou，
Mindoro，Panay)(Bartram，1972)，C}lina，including Tai—
wan(Lai＆ Wang，1976；Kuo＆ Chiang，1987a；Li，
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
338 广 西 植 物 28卷
1988；1watsuki& Sharp，1970；Noguch，1967)，Hainan
Island(Lin et a1．，1992)，Yunnan(Li et a1．，2003)．
Now it is reported from Xishuangbanna，China too
herewith．
According to world map on Index M uscorum(W i-
jk et a1．，1959)，the range of geographic distribution of
Macromitrium microstomum is： ：MexiCO，Guate—
mala，Costa Rica．Am3：Cuba，Jama ica，the Dominican
1 2 14 1 7
C
Fig．2 Distribution map of Macromitrium microstomum(Hook．8L Grev．)Schwaegr．in the world
Republic．Ares：Brazil．Oe．：Hawai．Af4：South Africa．
Austr 1 & 2：Cairns，south to Tasmania，eastern Aus—
tralia，New Zealand．As4：Indonesia(Java)，Philippines，
Malaysia，Papua New Guinea，New Guinea．As2：Japan
(Honshu，Kyushu)，China(Taiwan，Hainan Island，
Yunnan)． The distribution map(Fig．2)showed M．
microstomum is a typical species with pantropical dis—
tribution．
Acknowledgements：Guo S．L．thanks Dr．He Si for
his help and hospitality during his visit to Missouri 13o一
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
3期 曹同等：一种值得关注的藓类植物：长柄蓑藓及其地理分布 339
tanical Garden in 2006．
Bartram E B．1972．Mosses of the Philippines[MI．Oto Koeltz
pubhshers：koenigsteirTaunus：1— 437
Cmsby M R，Magil R E，Allen B He S．1999．A checklist of the
Mosses[M~．St．Louis：Missouri Botanical Garden：1—306
Eddy八 1996．Handbook of Malesian Moss(Splachnobryaceae-
Leptostomataceae)r ．London：HMSO，3：1—279
Guo SL，Cao T，Tan BC．2007a．Three new species records of 0r-
thotrichaceae(Bryopsida)in China，with comments on their type
specimens[J,1．Crypt Bryol，28(2)：149—158
Guo SL，Enroth J，Koponen T．2007b．Bryophyte flora of Hunan
Province，China．11．0rthotrichaceae(Mused[J]．Ann Bot F 一
nici，44：1— 34
1watsuki Z 2004．New catalog of the mosses of Japan[J,1．J Hat—
tori Bot Lab，96：1— 182
1watsuki Z，Sharp A J． 1970． Interesting mosses ftom Formosa
[J]．J Hattori Bot Lab，33：161—170
Kuo C M，Chiang T Y．1987．Index to Taiwan mosses[J,1．Tai—
za~nia，32：119— 207
M J，Wang-Yang JR．1976．Index bryoflorae Formosae[J]．
Taizoania，21(2)：159—203
Li XJ，eta1．2003．Flora Yunnanica(Tomus 19)[ ．Beijing：Sci—
ence Press：1— 681
Lin PJ，Koponen T，Pippo S．1992．Bryophyte flora of Jianfenling
Mts．，Hainan Island，China[J]．Bryobrothera，1：195—214
Ljn SH．1988．Ljst of mosses of TaiwanEJ]．Yu~hania，5：1-39
Noguchi A．1967．Musci japoniciⅦ．The genus Macromitrium
[J]．J Hattori Bot Lab，30：205—230
Noguchi八 1994．Ilustrated Moss Flora of Japan(Part 3)[M]．
Nichenan：Hattori Botanical Laboratory：493— 742
Ramsay H P，Vitt D H． 1984． Distribution，cytotaxonomy and
一 种值得关注的藓类植物
sexuality of Macromitrium in the Pacific[J]．J Hattori Bot
Lab，55：23— 33
Rooy J．Wyk A E．1992．A conspectus of the subfamily Macromi—
trioideae(Bryopsida：Orthotrichaceae)in Southern Africa[J]．
Bryologist，95：205— 215
Vitt D H．1 983．The New Zealand species of the pantropical genus
Macromitrium(0rthtrichaaceae：Musci)：taxonomy，phylogeny，
and phytogeography[J,1．J Hattori Bot La b，54：1—94
Vitt D H．1994．Orthotrichaceae[M]／／Sharp A J，Crnm H，Eekel
M E(eds)．The Moss Flora of Mexico．Mem New York Bo t
Gard，69：590— 656
Vitt D H ，Ramsay H P． 1985a． The Macromitrium complex in
Australiasia(Orthotrichaceae，Bryopsida)．Part I．Taxonomy and
phylogenetic relationship[J]．J HattoH Bot Lab，59：325—451
Vitt D H ，Rams ay H P． 1985b． The Macromitrium complex in
Australiasia(Orthotrichaceae，Bryopsida)．PartⅡ．Distribution，
ecology，and paleogeographyEJ-I．J Hattori Bot Lab，59：453—
468
Vitt D H，Ramsay H P．1986．The Macromitrum complex in Aus-
tralasia(Orthotrichaceae：Bryopsida)．Part Il1．Cytotaxonomy
[J]．J Hattori Bot Lab，61：1-43
Vit D H，Koponen T，Norris D H．1995．Bryophyte flora of the
Huon Peninsula，Papua New Guinea．LV[J]．Acta Bot Fennica，
154：1— 194
Wijk R d．Margdant W，Florschutz P八 1959．Index Muscorum
vo1．1(A—C)[M2．Utrecht：International Bureau for Plant Tax—
onomy and Nomenclature
Wilbraham J． 2007． Taxonomic notes on the pantropical genera
Macromitrium and Macrocoma(Bryopsida：Orthotrichaceae[J]．
J Bryol，29：54—59
Xiong Y X．2000．A new species of the genus Macromitrium(Or-
thotrichaceae)from Guizhou，China[J,1．Acta Bot Yunnannia，
22：405— 407
：长 柄蓑藓及其地理分布
曹 同1，施春蕾1，郭水良1，王东升2，刘 峰2
(1．上海师范大学 生命与环境科学学院，上海 200234；2．纳板河国家级自然保护区，云南 景洪 666110)
摘 要：长柄蓑藓(Macromitrium microstomum(Hook．& Grev．)Schwaegr．)曾以 MacromtHum reinza2rdtii的学
名在我国台湾，海南和云南有记录。报道了该种在西双版纳纳板河国家自然保护区的新分布。在查检模式标本
和相关国内外标本和文献的基础上，对长柄蓑藓进行了描述和图示，讨论了该种泛热带的地理分布特点，并提供
了世界分布图。
关键词：藓类植物；木灵藓科；长柄蓑藓；地理分布
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com