全 文 ： 2011 9 19 5
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Sep. 2011, 19(5): 10111019 30 年研究与示范回顾


* (30471079, 30940046) (2001BA511B, 2006BAD13B02) (863
) (2006AA10Z1D4, 2011AA100103)
(1965~), , , , E-mail: andiaoguo@163.com
: 2011-03-25 : 2011-07-07
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2011.01011
*
安调过 许红星 许云峰
( 050022)
小麦近缘种是改良小麦的一个重要基因库, 具有许多栽培小麦所不具备的优良特性。我们通过远缘
杂交、染色体工程的方法创制了一大批不同类型的材料 , 经基因组原位杂交 GISH、多色 FISH 和特异分子标
记鉴定, 抗条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病鉴定, 品质、营养性状以及产量性状鉴定, 共选育出 10 类可为育种家利
用的抗病、优质、富含微量营养元素、氮高效、丰产性状优良的远缘杂交新种质和新不育系种质 ; 开发了 414
对黑麦基因组专化的 EST 引物, 31 个黑麦染色体(臂)专化的 EST 分子标记, 可应用于分子标记辅助育种, 或追
踪检测小麦背景中的黑麦染色体或染色体片段; 进行了抗病新基因的遗传分析和分子标记定位工作。利用新
种质, 选育出了一批表现突出的抗病、营养高效的小麦黑麦、小麦冰草远缘杂交新品系。
黑麦 冰草 新种质 远缘杂交 小麦
: S326 : A : 1671-3990(2011)05-1011-09
Enhancement of wheat distant hybridization germplasm
AN Diao-Guo, XU Hong-Xing, XU Yun-Feng
(Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shijiazhuang 050022, China)
Abstract The related species of Triticinae are important and valuable gene resources for molecular improvement of wheat (Triti-
cum aestivum L.). These species have a number of distinct characteristics that common wheat varieties simply do not have. Through
distant hybridization and chromosome engineering in the past years, a number of new germplasms, including wheat (“Xiaoyan
6”)-rye (“German white”) addition, substitution and translocation lines, have been developed and characterized. The sequential ge-
nome in situ hybridization (GISH) and multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), specific molecular markers, combining
with disease resistance evaluation and nutrition, quality and yield identification had screened 10 kinds of new wide hybrid
germplasms, including sterile lines. The screened germplasms were highly resistant to stripe rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew.
Some hybrid germplasms were also of high quality, enriched Zn and Fe, high nutrient efficiency and desirable agronomic traits.
These traits made the germplasms new and valuable for effective wheat breeding. Also 414 new EST (expressed sequence tag) mark-
ers specific to rye genome and 31 new markers specific to rye chromosome arms had been developed. These molecular markers could
be used in marker-assisted selection breeding or to rapidly detect corresponding rye chromosomes or chromosome segments intro-
gressed into wheat background. The identification and mapping of new resistant genes derived from wheat relatives were ongoing.
Some new advanced lines of wheat-rye and wheat-Agropyron cristatum were being developed for release as new cultivars.
Key words Rye, Agropyron cristatum, New germplasm, Distant hybridization, Wheat
(Received Mar. 25, 2011; accepted Jul. 7, 2011)
,
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[1]

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1012 2011 19


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1RS
,
[2]
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( )
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(Fe) (Zn) ,
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1 小麦种质资源创新
1.1 
1992~1994 ,
, ,
“ ”(Secale cereale L. cv. German white, 2n=14,
RR); 14 7 “
6 ” “ ”
“ 6 ” ,
1995 , “ 6 ”( “ 6 ” )
“ ” ,
[8]
, “ 6
”( “ 6 ” ) ,
,
, ,
GISH FISH
, ,

[910]
,

1.1.1 T1BL·1RS
WR9502-14
WR9502-14  T1BL·1RS
, ,
“ 6 ”
“ 503”
“ 6 ” “
” , (2n=42)
8
8
14-51 , 7 ( WR9502-14-6)
(30 31 32
4), / / 0;~1/
5/10
CY30 CY31 CY32 , 0 ;
4 0;
Adelaide , Squash Blot
(method for the detection of the rye telomere)
, WR9502-14-6
7  ,
( 1)
GISH , WR9502-14
( )

表 1 Squash Blot 检测黑麦染色质的结果
Table 1 Squash Blot experimental results of rye chromatin
ID Germplasm material Result
1 Angas CK 
2 6R(6D) CK +
7 503 Gaoyou 503 
8 6 Xiaoyan 6 
9 8901 Gaocheng 8901 
14 WR9502-14 (1) +
15 WR9502-14 (2) +
16 WR9502-14-2 +
17 WR9502-14-3 +
18 WR9502-14-4 +
19 WR9502-14-6 +
20 WR9502-14-7 +
32 Wylash sp-2 
5 : 1013


(SARDI)
, WR9502-14
(1, 14+15, 2+12), “ 6 ”
(SDS-insoluble
protein, %) (dough strength)
(Turbidity
Assay) WR9502-14 ,
WR9502-14-6 (%UP=36.60%)
“ 6 ”(35.51%) “ 503”(36.04%)
( 2) WR9502-14-6
WR9502-14
, WR9502-14 75 cm , ,
,
表 2 Turbidity-聚丙烯酰胺不溶蛋白质的含量
Table 2 Turbidity-SDS-insoluble protein %
ID

Germplasm material
Soluble fraction Insoluble fraction
Total OD %UP
Raw OD OD-blank Raw OD OD-blank
5 503 Gaoyou 503 0.322 0.268 0.205 0.151 0.419 36.04
6 6 Xiaoyan 6 0.399 0.345 0.244 0.190 0.535 35.51
7 8901 Gaocheng 8901 0.309 0.255 0.233 0.179 0.434 41.24
12 WR9502-14 (1) 0.348 0.294 0.189 0.135 0.429 31.47
13 WR9502-14 (2) 0.434 0.380 0.170 0.116 0.496 23.39
14 WR9502-14-2 0.368 0.314 0.196 0.142 0.456 31.14
15 WR9502-14-3 0.382 0.328 0.219 0.165 0.493 33.47
16 WR9502-14-4 0.397 0.343 0.221 0.167 0.510 32.75
17 WR9502-14-6 0.352 0.298 0.226 0.172 0.470 36.60
18 WR9502-14-7 0.365 0.311 0.201 0.147 0.458 32.10
28 QC1-Halberd 0.370 0.316 0.103 0.049 0.365 13.42
29 QC2-Glenlea 0.199 0.145 0.171 0.117 0.262 32.87
30 QC3-Kukri 0.246 0.192 0.148 0.094 0.286 44.66

1.1.2 高抗条锈病、白粉病的 T1BL·1RS 易位系新
种质 WR9504-5
WR9504  T1BL·1RS
, ,
,

“ 6 ” “
” WR9504,
,
CY26, CY31, CY32, CY28
CY30( 3) ,
WR9504 (CY32 CY31
CY30 CY29 Su-4 Su-6 Su-11 Su-12);
CY31 CY32( 4)

表 3 WR9504 苗期条锈病抗性鉴定
Table 3 Stripe rust resistance in WR9504 at the seedling stage

Germplasm material

Physiological races of stripe rust
CY26 CY28 CY30 CY31 CY32
WR9504-10 0; 2+ 3 0 2
WR9504-5 0 2+ 3 0 0;

German white
0 0 0 0 0
169 Mingxian
169(CK)
4 4 4 4 4
0: Immune; 0;: Almost immune; 1: High
resistant; 2: Middle resistant; 3: Middle susceptible; 4:
High susceptible. The same below.

表 4 WR9504 条锈病和白粉病成株期抗性鉴定
Table 4 Stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance in WR9504 at the adult plant stage

Germplasm
material

Mixed races of stripe rust
CY32
CY32 race of stripe rust
CY31
CY31 race of stripe rust
Mixed isolates of
powdery mildew
Infection type

Severity

Incidence

Infection type

Severity

Incidence

Infection type

Severity

Incidence
WR9504-10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WR9504-5 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

German white
0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 0 0 0
0~9 Powdery mildew resistance evaluation was conducted by using 9-grade method. The same below.
1014 2011 19


, WR9504
( 4)
,
26 21
, ,
,
, WR9504
( )
WR9504-5 75~80 cm, ,
, ,
GISH pAs1/pSc119.2
FISH , WR9504 T1BL·1RS
( )
1.1.3 高抗条锈病、白粉病且高产的 T1BL·1RS 易
位系新种质/品系 WR9603
WR9603  T1BL·1RS
, 1RS ,
, , ,
,

WR9603-3,
( 1A), “ 4185” 9%
1996 “ 6 ”
“ ” ,
WR9603,
,
WR9603 (CY30
CY31 CY32 ) ( 1B)
, WR9603
CY26(0-0; ), CY28 CY30 CY31(0 ),
CY32(2 ) ,
WR9603
,
26 21 ,
WR9603
( )
GISH ,
, 1RS
( 2) 1RS 1BS PCR
WR9603 T1BL.1RS ( 3) WR9603
, , , ( 1A),
8 400 kg·hm
2
,
WR9603-3 “ 4185” 9%


图 1 WR9603 丰产性和成株期抗病性鉴定(A)和黑麦品
种“德国白”、WR9603 和感病对照品种“铭贤 169”对条锈
病的抗性(B)
Fig. 1 High yield and disease resistance at adult stages of
WR9603 (A) and resistance to strip dust of rye “German white”,
WR9603 and the control variety “Mingxian 169” (B)
A The white arrowhead in figure A
shows disease resistance. B “ ” WR9603
“ 169” In figure B, from left to right are “German white”,
WR9603 and “Mingxian 169”.



图 2 WR9603 GISH 鉴定结果
Fig. 2 GISH identification result of WR9603
1R The arrowheads show
two short arms of 1R rye chromosomes.



图 3 WR9603 特异 PCR 扩增结果
Fig. 3 Specific PCR amplification results of WR9603
111 bp The arrowhead shows 111 bp
specific amplification fragment.

1.1.4 高抗条锈病、白粉病的 T2BL·1RS 易位系新
种质 WR04-G32
WR04-G32  T2BL·1RS
,
,
,
“ 6 ” “
” ,
, ,
 WR04-32,
5 : 1015


表 5 WR04-32 对 28 个条锈菌小种的苗期抗病性鉴定
Table 5 Infection types on seedlings of wheat and wheat-rye genotypes produced by 28 races or isolates of stripe rust

Race/isolate
Virulence to Yr genes
Germplasm material
WR04-32 German white 169 Mingxian 169
61009 3, A, AD 0 0 4
78028 6, 7, 8, A 0 0 4
58893 27, SD 0 0 4
75078 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 26, 27, A, Alba, CV, SD, Su 0 0 4
60105 1, 27, Alba, CV, SD 0 0 4
59791 Alba, SD 0 0 4
82517 1, 2. 3, Alba, CV, SD 0 0 4
78080 2, 3, 4, 6, A, Alba, CV, Gaby, SD, Su 0 0 4
86094 6, 7, 8, 9, A, Gaby 0 0 4
72107 1, 8, 10, 27, SU 0 0 4
74187 6, 27, A, Su 0 0 4
86036 SD 0 0 4
76088 6, 7, 8, 27 0 0 4
76093 1, 6, 7, 8, 27, Gaby 0 0 4
86106 1, 6, 7, Alba, Gaby, SD 0 0 4
68009 1, 2, 6, 7, Alba 0 0 4
86107 6, 7, 8, 9, A, Alba, Gaby, SD 0 0 4
82061 2, 3, 4, 6, Alba, Gab, SD, SpP, Su 0 0 4
80551 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 27, SD, Su 0 0 4
85019 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, Albas, Gaby, AD 0 0 4
PE92 6, 7, 8, 27, A, Gaby 0 0 4
CYR26 1, 3, 6, 7, A 0 0 4
CYR27 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 27, A, Alba, SpP 0 0 4
CYR29 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 17, 27, A, Alba, CV, Gaby, SD 0 0 4
CYRSu-1 1, 6, 7, 8, Su 0 0 4
CYR30 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, A, Slba, CV, Gaby, SD 0 0 4
CYR31 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, A, Alba, CV, Gaby, Su, SD 0 0 4
CYR32 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 17, 27, A, Alba, CV, SpP, Su 1 0 4

表 6 不同小麦基因型对条锈病和白粉病混合菌系
的苗期抗病性鉴定
Table 6 Infection types on seedlings of wheat and wheat-rye
genotypes to isolates mixtures of powdery mildew and stripe rust
/
Cultivar/genotype
Infection type
Powdery mildew Stripe rust
6 Xiaoyan 6 4 4
German white 0 0
169 Mingxian 169 4 4
WR04-32 0 1
4185 Shi 4185 4 4

28 ( 5);
( 6)
1RS
EST-STS ¸ WR04-32 1RS
GISH pSc119.2 pHvG38 ( pAs1)
FISH, WR04-32
 T2BL·1RS ( )
1.1.5 高抗白粉病的 2R(2D)异代换系新种质 WR02-
145
WR02-145  2R(2D)
,

“ 6 ” “
” ,
, 4 
WR02-145 GISH PCR
, 4 2R(2D) ( )
4 2R(2D) , ,
, WR02-145
,
1016 2011 19



, 2009 “ 6 ” “
” , WR02-145
2R(2D) WR55-1 WR91-1

1.1.6 高抗白粉病的 4R 异附加系新种质 WR49 和 1R
异附加系新种质 WR35
4R WR49: WR49
 4R ,
4
4R
“ 6 ” “
” ,
,  WR49 2009
GISH FISH 4R ( )
E09
E21 E20 E18 E11 4
, 4R WR49 “
6 ” “ ” ,
“ 169” “ ” ,
“ ” , “ 6 ” “ 169”
“ ” , WR49 E18 (2
) , WR49
Pm8(1RS)
Pm17(1RS) Pm7(2RL) Pm20(6RL), 7 4

表 7 小麦 4R 附加系 WR49 苗期对白粉病菌系的抗性鉴定
Table 7 Powdery mildew resistance in 4R addition line WR49 at the seedling stage

Isolate

Resource of isolate

German white
Pm?
WR49
Pm7
(1RS)
Pm8
(1RS)
Pm17
(2RL)
Pm20
(6RL)
E09 CAAS, IPP R R S S S R
E11 CAAS, IPP R S S S S R
E18 CAAS, IPP R MR S S S R
E20 CAAS, IPP R R S S S R
Bgt2 Zhengzhou R R S R S R
Bgt5 Kunming R R S S MR R
Bgt12 Beijing R R S S MR R
Bgt32 Nanjing R R S S S R
Bgt: Single spore isolate of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici; CAAS, IPP: In-
stitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. R: Resistant; S: Sensitive; MR: Moderate resistant.



图4 4R附加系WR49苗期抗白粉病的鉴定结果
Fig. 4 Resistance of 4R addition line WR49 to powdery mil-
dew at seedling stage
“ 169” “ ” “ 6 ” “ ” WR49
From left to right are “Mingxian 169”, “Huixianhong”, “Xiaoyan 6”,
“German white” and WR49.

1R WR35: “
6 ” “ ” ,
, 
WR35 2009 GISH FISH 1R
( ) , WR35
E09
, 2009 “ 6 ” “ ”
, 2RS
WR56 4RS 137,

1.1.7 新型雄性不育系新种质小麦黑麦 WR9501
WR9501  ,
, ,
5 5 6

: 2002 “ 6 ” “
” ,
 WR9501( 5A),
2n=42( 5B),
WR9501 ,
5 5 6
,
906 9204 4185 471”
01 88 503 ( 5C, 5D)
5 : 1017




图5 小麦黑麦雄性不育系WR9501(A)及其系列(C, D)和染色体组成(B)
Fig. 5 Wheat-rye male sterile line WR9501 (A) and it’s series (C, D) and chromosome composition (B)

WR9501 ,
, ,
,
, ;
F2
,

1.1.8 抗白粉病和叶锈病、富含微量营养元素、丰
产的小黑麦种质资源
360 10
;
E09 , 268 , 2
, 1 ;
PHT , 341 , 3 ,
13 , 9
14 ,
7 4 Zn Fe
,
R2-94 Zn Fe
Zn Fe ,
, Fe Zn
,

, , 245
,
1.2 
,
( ) ,
/QTL

 (Agropyron cristatum L.
Gaertn., P genome) / “ WAS31”
P ( ),

; ,
“Fukuho”
, 
,
3 ,
10 , 5 8
,  ,
“ WAS31”
“ WAS31”
“ 4185” 21.81%, “
4185” 5.87% , “
WAS31” “ 4185” 5 %
1018 2011 19


, WAS31 80 cm ,
1.3
3  
WRAS   WRVS
,
, ,
, ,

  
,
, ,
, 3
WRAS WRVS
:   3 F6
77 WRAS 26
  3 F6 98
WRVS 48
WRAS: , , ,
; WRVS , ,
,
2 小麦近缘物种—— 黑麦染色体特异 EST
分子标记的开发与应用
31 EST
,
6RS 13 ( )
: ,
EST
, PCR , 1 191 EST-SSR
EST-STS , 414
31 1R-7R ;
31 6RS 13

EST ,
( ) ,
“ 6 ” “ ”
, ,
FISH ,
( / )
( ) ( 6)
3 小麦抗病新基因的鉴定
, , 2
E09 E18 E20 E23 9
 X2939 D104, 1 
WR80, 1 
WE99
E09 ,
WE99 ; 
WR80  X2939 D104,
“ 169” F1 E09
, ,
,
,
“ 169” , F2
,

4 展望
,
,
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20
[11]
,
,
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,
,




图 6 黑麦 4RS 染色体的特异标记 KSUM62
Fig. 6 Specific marker KSUM62 of 4RS chromosome of rye
160 bp The arrowhead shows 160 bp specific amplification fragment.
5 : 1019


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,
[12]

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[11]
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,
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,
“ ”,
,
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,

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