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作 者 ：高懋芳,邱建军,刘三超,覃志豪,王立刚.

期 刊 ：中国生态农业学报 2008年 16卷 5期 页码：1167-1172

关键词：中国；低温；冷冻害；时空格局；

Keywords:China, Low temperature, Cold and frost damage, Spatio-temporal pattern,

摘 要 ：本研究简要介绍了低温冷冻害的类型及影响，重点分析了我国冷冻害的时空格局，探讨了全国范围内冷冻害的发生情况。我国受低温冷冻害影响的范围非常广，其中东北和黄淮海地区是影响最大的两个区域，并且近十几年来我国黄淮平原及华中部分地区有加重趋势。云南和广东等华南和西南地区也经常出现不同程度的冷害，个别年份强度非常大。近20年来，我国低温冷冻害经历了减弱-增强-减弱的过程。1992～1999年是冷冻害影响最严重的时段，其中1998年全国总受灾面积867 万hm²，仅江苏、安徽两省就超过了500 万hm²。2000年及以后的几年强度有所降低，但平均每年的受灾面积仍高于370 万hm²。1986～1991年、1992～1999年、2000～2005年3个时段内各省区冷冻害发展变化趋势的分析表明，我国大部分省区冷冻害强度在不断加大，其中有8个省区年平均受灾面积上升辐度超过10万 hm²。

Abstract:Cold and frost damage is a natural disaster of significant impact on crop yield in China. Extensive analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns of cold and frost damage has been done in this paper. Most of Chinese cropland areas are affected by cold damage, especially in the northeast and Huanghuaihai regions. The intensity of cold damage in North and Central China has been increasing in the last two decades. South China and Southwest China including Yunnan and Guangdong Provinces lie in relatively low latitude zones also suffered from severe cold damage in some years.In the last two decades, the trend of cold damage can be described as a sequence of weak-strong-weak. The most serious cold damage occurred in China during 1992 to 1999. In 1998, 8.67 million hectares of cropland was damaged in the whole China, Jiangsu and An‘hui Provinces accounting for more than 5 million hectares. Cold damage impact dropped after 1999 with annual cold damage area above 37 million hectares. Variation analysis on the development of cold damage for three time periods (1986～1991, 1992～1999 and 2000～2005) indicates that cold damage is becoming stronger in most of Chinese provinces. Annual damaged cropland area in eight provinces increases by more than 100 thousand hectares. Spatial and temporal analysis of cold damage in China can be vital in regional planning of crops and can provide strong scientific basis for forecasting and effective defenses.

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