全 文 ：Received date:2001-04-12
Foundation item:Project Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(9610E42)
Biography:XIE Xin-ming(1963-), Male ,Associate Professor of Inner Mongolia Normal University , ph.D..
REVIEW OF TAXONOMIC STUDIES
ON THE GENUS AGROPYRON
XIE Xin-ming1 , 2 , MA Wan-li1 , LI Bing-tao2
(1.Department of Biology , I nner Mongolia Normal University , Huhhot 010022 , China;
2.South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China)
Abstract:The Taxonomy of Agropyron has been in an unsettled sta te for many years , with
Eurasian , North American and Chinese autho rities often using different name to the same species.The
reason for the confusion has to do with not only its ow n complexity , but the subjectiv e factors in agros-
to logists.I n addition , the modern biological techniques have ex tensively been applied to classification of
Agropyron , but their values lie in research of the relationships among species rather than the establish-
ment , combination and separation of species.
Key words:Agropyron;Taxonomy;Historical review
CLC number:Q 949 Document code:A Article ID:1001-8735(2001)04-0341-09
1 The Histo rical Process of Agropyron Regarded as a Genus
Agropyron in the tribe Triticeae of Gramineae is a group of perennial g rasses.As far as its
classified status is concerned , there have been two concepts in narrow and broad sense.
Since the year 1770 when J.Gaertner separated Agropyron from Bromus ,most scholars
had given Agropyron a w ide concept containing more than 100 species that belong to four cur-
rent genera such as Eremopyrum , Elytrigia , Roegneria and Agropyron by 1934.Nevski[ 1] dis-
covered this w ide Agropyron was an artificial genus beyond natural classif ication , which con-
tained almost all the perennial species of the tribe w ith sing le spikelet per node.Although these
species have certain spike characteristics in common , they also have a lot of dif ferences in biolog-
ically important aspects such as mode of reproduction , of chromosome constitution , of ecological
adaptation and geographical distribution.Therefore ,Nevski separated the narrow “Agropyron”
from wide Agropyron acco rding to density of spikes , arrangement of spikelets , difference be-
tween spikes with and without reduced spikelet , and the difference betw een glumes w ith and
w ithout keel.However ,he used “ Agropyrum” as scientific name of “narrow Agropyron” and
divided the genus into two subgenera including Elytrigia and Eu-Agropy ron .Although Nevski
第 30卷第 4期
2001年 12月
内蒙古师大学报 自然科学(汉文)版
Journal of I nner Mongolia Normal University (Natural Science Edition)
Vol.30 No.4
Dec.2001
gave this narrow concept of Agropyron , it still contained the o ther genus———Elytrigia.
Dewey[ 2～ 5] , an American biologist ,had studied Tri ticeae for several decades , doing a large
number of hybridizing experiments and making a lot of genome analyses.Generally , he took
three steps:1)determined the genomic constitution of the type species of the genus , 2)brought
all tax a wi th the same basic genome or combination of genomes into that genus , and 3)excluded
from that genus all taxa that do not have the same basic genome o r combination of genomes as
the type species.According to the principle ,he designated the genome of the type species(A .
cristatum)of Agropyron as P , so Agropyron consists only of those species wi th just as P
genome.All species that contain genomes other than the P genome are excluded from Agropy-
ron.When these procedures are applied to t raditional Agropyron , i t becomes a small genus of
few er than 15 species in contrast to it s tradi tional def inition as a large genus w ith more than 100
species ,which constitutes w hat is known as the “ crested w heatgrass complex”.At the same
time , Dewey[ 5] discovered this genus in narrow sense is mo re or less genetically isolated f rom
o ther genera in Triticeae.The P genome is apparent ly not found in any species outside of A-
gropyron , and intergeneric hybridization is rare.I t is this high level of genetic isolation that
makes most agrostologists believe that Agropyron should be treated as a separate genus regard-
less of how the remainder of the perennial Tri ticeae might be handled.Therefore , at present the
narrow concept of Agropyron has been accepted by mo re and more taxonomists.However , in
North America w here the taxonomic methods of Hitchcook
[ 6]
and Bowden
[ 7]
about Gramineae
are prevalent , the genus is still given a concept in broad sense.
2 Historical and Current Taxonomic Perspectives of Infrageneric
Taxon in Agropyron
Because of thei r wide distribut ion and economic importance , the Agropyron g rasses are
used frequently in experimental w ork and are often repo rted in agronomic and other literature.
And yet the taxonomic confusion in this group of g rasses also is surprising , considering the fact
that dif ferent scholars in different countries give the same species different names , or different
species are given the same name.Even it is sometimes impossible to ascertain w hat material is
used in reported studies.Fo r example , in North America there are tw o widely propagated and
ex tensively studied forms , “Fairw ay” and “Standard” .The Fairw ay form , a low , leafy diploid
w ith broad spikes , has been given four different names , which are A .cristatum (L .)Gaertn.
A .pectini forme Roem .et Schult., A .dagnae Grossh., and A.cristat ifome Sarkar in order of
priority .Tay lor and McCoy[ 8] considered the Fairw ay clones most closely fit for the description
by Nevski[ 1] about A .pectini forme and therefore were t reated under that name.However ,
Tzvelev[ 9] t reated the Fairw ay clones as A .cristatum subsp.pectinatum .
The S tandard fo rm , a tall , less leafy plant w ith narrower spikes , is a tetraploid that has
more or less consistent ly been placed in A.desertorum (Fisch.)Schult.Taylo r considered it
·342· 内蒙古师大学报 自然科学(汉文)版 第 30 卷
morphologically and cy tologically resembled A.sibiricum (Willd)P.B.and A .f ragi le(Roth)
Nevski.Because they are allopolyploids ,he placed these species in A.cristatum as an allopoly-
ploid-type.At the same time he treated all diploids as A.imbricatum , and placed all autopoly-
ploid species in A.pectini forme.Other ag rostologists in North American hold different opinions
o therwise.For instance ,Bowden[ 7] and Jones[ 10] merged A.sibiricum and A .desertorum into
A .sibiricum .Knowles[ 11] and Schulz-Schaeffer et al.[ 12] treated A.pectini forme as A.crista-
tum , and suggested the possibility that A.desertorum is an allopolyploid species stemmed from
“A .cristatum” (Fairw ay type), and an unknown diploid.Some taxonomists[ 1 ,7 ,13～ 16] in Russi-
a and China treated A.desertorum and A .sibiricum as different species.However , they give
tw o opinions on A .mongolicum Keng.Tzvelev[ 9] suggested A .mongolicum and A .sibiricum
should be the same species , and treated them as A.f ragile.On the contrary , some schol-
ars[ 13 ～ 16 ,17] in China still t reated them as tw o separate species.
In Russia ,Konstantinov[ 18] first made a cri tical analy sis of crested w heatgrasses and found
tw o fundamental forms.One form with w ide spikes and short awns was recognized as A .
cristatum Bess.and the other with narrow spikes and reduced awns w as classified as A .deser-
torum Fisch.There w ere a lot of variations w ithin these species and a large number of interme-
diate forms.After Konstantinov , Nevski[ 1] described 13 forms of crested wheatg rasses , and
treated them as separate species w ithin the subgenus Eu-Agropyron of the genus Agropyrum .
The Fairw ay form in North America , which has broad pectinate and g labrous spikes ,was treat-
ed as A.pect iniforme Roem.&Schult.The st rong ly pubescent forms w ith dense spikelets and
w ithout creeping rootstocks were regarded as A .cristatum and A.imbricatum .The fo rms
similar to A .pectini forme but with very pubescent lemmas and creeping rootstocks w ere desig-
nated as A .michnoi Roshev.The dif ference betw een A.cristatum and A .imbricatum is that
A .cristatum has spikes wi th narrow top and wi thout g aps between spikelets ,while A .imbri-
catum has the spikes w ith gaps.Three species w ith narrow spikes w ere A .desertorum
(Fisch.)Roem.&Schult., A.sibiricum (Willd.)P.B., and A.f ragi le (Roth.)Nevski.A .
sibiricum and A .f ragile were described as having very ex tended spikes , but the latter also
having st rongly pubescent leaves and leaf sheaths.
Sinskaja ,Mashtakov and Kosarev[ 19 ,20] in Russia were inclined to reduce the number of
species from Nevskis classification.Sinskaja assigned four of the wide-spiked species of Nevski
to two main ecotype systems.The western sy stem w ith moist and xerophy tic habi tats w as rep-
resented by A .pect iniforme and A.imbricatum .The eastern system , w ith mountain steppe
and valley ecotypes , included A .cristatum and A .michnoi.Sinskaja regarded A .imbricatum
and A.michnoi respectively as variants of A .pectini forme .Mashtakov made a study of Euro-
pean and Asiatic forms of crested w heatgrasses , and he w as inclined to agree with
Konstantinovs t reatment that only tw o species were represented in crested w heatgrasses , name-
ly , A .cristatum w ith w ide spikes and A .desertorum w ith narrow spikes.
·343· 第 4 期 解新明 等:冰草属分类学研究之回顾
Tzvelev[ 9] recognized 10 species and 11 subspecies of Agropyron by reclassifying Nevskis
classification in Russia.He merged A .sibiricum and A.mongol icum into A .f ragi le , and
treated A.pectini forme and A.imbricatum as A .cristatum subsp.pectinatum .Afterw ards
o ther Russian agrostologists also put forw ard some proposals , in w hich Peschkova considered
some of subspecies in Tzvelevs classification , such as A.cristatum subsp.pectinatum , subsp.
kazachstanium and subsp.baicalense , should be raised to species level ,because of their different
geographic distribution and clear morphological dif ference.At the same time ,he also reported a
new species.
In “Flora Europaea”[ 21] the classification of Agropyron resembles that of Nevski , but A .
sibiricum is classif ied as subspecies of A .f ragi le.Löve[ 22] recognized 3 species in Agropyron
on the basis of genome and the chromosome number.He treated diploidy crested w heatgrasses
(2n=14)as A.pectini fome containing 3 subspecies , tetraploidy g roup (2n =28)as A .
cristatum containing 20 subspecies , hexaploidy crested w heatg rasses as A .deweyi (2n =42 ,
only one species).According to this classification , Agropyron would become a genus containing
only 3 species , every one of which would become a complex w ith both broad and narrow pecti-
nate spikes.Furthermore , the chromosome number of A.mongolicum did not been reported at
that time , and Löve placed it in tetraploid group by means of prediction that this species is te-
traploid.In fact , A .mongolicum is diploid[ 23 , 24] .According to Löves principle , A.mon-
gol icum should be placed in A .pect ini forme.
In China , classification of Agropyron is based on Keng Yilis classification[ 16] .At present ,
there are 5 species in China.Yang Xiling[ 14] divided Agropyron into Sec.Densistachy s and Sec.
Laxistachy s.The fo rmer contains A.cristatum , A.michnoi and A .desertorum , and the lat ter
contains A .sibiricum and A .mongolicum .Of course , the other scholar[ 25] also sticks to
Tevelevs opinion that A.sibiricum and A.mongolicum were merged into A.f ragi le.
3 The Application of M odern Techniques to Classification of
Agropyron
As is known to us , there are a great deal of mo rphological v ariations in crested w heatgrass ,
which bring about difficulties of classificat ion of this taxa.In order to solve the problem , tax-
onomists have set about applying characteristics of anatomy , of cy tolog y , of genetics , of chem-
ist ry and of pollen morphology to classification of Agropyron , t rying to eliminate the confusion.
3.1 The application of cytological data to classification of Agropyron
So far cytological studies of crested w heatgrasses have extensively reported.As regards the
five species that dist ribute over China , A.cristatum is discovered to occur at three chromo-
some-ploidy levels(2n =14 ,2n =28 and 2n =42).Karyotypes of diploid race have are report-
ed ,which have o r lack satellite chromosomes[ 12 ,24] .The tet raploid and hexaploid behave cy to-
·344· 内蒙古师大学报 自然科学(汉文)版 第 30 卷
logically as autopolyploids.
It is reported that A.michnoi only occurs at tetraploid level.Meanwhile ,Sarker[ 26] discov-
ered quadrivalents in meiotic of this species are about 77% of the cells observed.Therefore , it
presents a clear indication of autopolyploid.
The A .desertorum also is tet raploid g roup(2 n =28)w ith or without satelli te-chromo-
somes.Sarkar analyzed its metaphase and discovered high frequency of univalent , so this species
perhaps is an allopolyploid.
The A .sibiricum belongs to tet raploid group(2n =28)with satellite-chromosomes.How-
ever , there is a disag reement on the origin of this species between Sarkar and Tay lor.Sarkar[ 26]
considered it is an autopolyploidy origin followed by some chromosomal rearrangements , while
Taylor et al.[ 8] believed it is derived by hybridization and subsequent allopolyploid from two
diploids.
The karyotype of A.mongolicum (2 n=14)has been repo rted by Yan Guixing et al.[ 23]
and Hsiao et al.[ 24] , too.In terms of Yan Guixings report , it s karyotype is lack of satelli te-chro-
mosomes in contrast to Hsiaos report about the kary otype w ith satellite-chromosome.
3.2 The application of esterase isozyme to classi fication of Agropyron
With the development of modern biological technique , the analy zing methods of zymogram
are w idespreadly applied to taxonomy.Authors[ 27] of this paper made use of esterase isozymes to
analy ze 5 species of Agropyron in Inner Mongolia.The results show that the differences among
their zymog rams are obvious ,which are embodied in the number and the movement rate of en-
zyme bands.Meanwhile , according to zymog ramatic characteristics and cy togenetic data , i t is
considered that diploid races are original and g radually evolve to form tetraploid and hexaploid
races on two different lines:one based on A.mongolicum , ano ther based on diploid race in A .
cristatum .
3.3 The application of anatomical characteristics of leaf and pol len morphology to classifi-
cation of Agropyron
The application of anatomical characteristics of leaf and pollen morphology to plant taxono-
my is very universal.By means of the methods , Xie Xinming et al.[ 28 , 29] studied on the classifi-
cation of Agropyron in Inner M ongolia.As far as st ructure of abaxial epidermises is concerned ,
5 species show certain differences in the size and morphology of long-cells , in the curved deg ree
of cell walls , in the number of paired short-cells and stomata bands , in the shape of subsidiary
cells as well as in the distribution of microhairs and prickle-hairs.On the part of the pollen mo r-
phology , the five species possess different characteristics on the surface ornamentation , on the
operculum , on the pore margin and the ornamentation of po re margin , which show not only
their respect ive independence as species ,but relationships among them.
4 Analysis and discussion
4.1 The reason for the confusion of classification of Agropyron
·345· 第 4 期 解新明 等:冰草属分类学研究之回顾
Taxonomic studies about Agropyron are widely st ressed in world.From what has been
mentioned above we can see that there have been disputes on the independence of some species.
There are both subjective and objective reasons for these phenomena.Cytologically , Agropyron
is a compound group w ith three chromosome-ploidy levels , in w hich the tet raploid races that ex-
ist in every distribution range of Agropyron are very widespread.In contrast , the diploid races
also exist in every distribut ion range of Agropyron ,but the number of populations is very lit tle.
In particular , only A .cristatum includes all three chromosome-ploids that lead to difficulty of
classification.In addition , we are also bew ildered by the tw o karyotypes w ith and wi thout satel-
lite-chromosomes in the same species.Geog raphically , Agropyron w idely distributes over Eu-
rope and Asia , and its distribut ion is highly overlapping.Morphologically , the variations in A .
cristatum are as follow s.Firstly , there is a series of variations in the leng th and proportion of
leng th and w idth on spikes.Secondly , there are variations f rom dense to relax arrangement on
spikelets , and the angles betw een spikelets and rachis have constant variations from 45°to 90°.
Thirdly , there are variations f rom few to many on the number of flowers in spikelet.Finally ,
there are constant variat ions f rom hairy to glabrous fo rms on glumes and lemmas.As far as A .
michnoi is concerned , there are o ther variations except those like A.cristatum .For example ,
because of dif ference in condition of w ater and relax degree of soil , there are variations on the
leng th of rhizome.In addition , A.mongolicum and A.sibiricum also have some constant vari-
ations on the morphology and size of spikes , on the number of flowers in spikelets , on the space
between spikelets , and on the indumentum of glumes and lemmas.Because of overlap of dist ri-
bution , similarity of ecological adaptat ion and a great deal of variations at chromosome levels and
on morphological characterist ics , the classification of Agropyron gets very diff icult.
The unstable situation about classification of Agropyron has to do with not only its com-
plexities ,but subjective facto rs in agrostologists.In the first place ,different scholars have dif fer-
ent classified standards or different understandings of variat ions.Consequently , on the part of
some problems how they choose and weigh characters and what they refer to as identified char-
acteristics , there are some divergent opinions between dif ferent scholars such as the classification
about A.mongolicum and A .sibiricum .In the second place , the classif ied methods and tech-
niques on which different scholars rely are so different as to cause differences of view s about
classification of Agropyron.Fo r instance , Löve unduly emphasizes on the variat ion of chromo-
some number so that he almost ignores other characteristics on morpholog ical ,physiological ,bio-
chemical , geog raphic and ecological aspects.In contrast ,Nevski and Tevelev excessively empha-
size on the dif ferences of some quantitative characters , such as the relative height of plant , the
relative leng th and width of leaf and spike , the relative length of awn on lemma.If these charac-
ters are regarded as the standards to identify different species , they must cause classified diffi-
culties of Agropyron.
4.2 The value of modern biological technique in classification of Agropyron
·346· 内蒙古师大学报 自然科学(汉文)版 第 30 卷
Modern biological technique is w idely applied to plant taxonomy ,which has a tendency to
further development.According to data , we know that biological techniques that are applied to
classification of Agropyron mainly involve karyo typic , chromatog raphic , isozymic and anatomi-
cal analyses as well as SEM (scanning elect ronic microscope).The applications of these tech-
niques animate the classification of Agropyron , and provide basis for solution to the difficult and
complicated problems.The main purpose of plant taxonomy ,nevertheless , is to provide scientifi-
cally identified basis for those w ho are engaged in research of agriculture , forestry , animal hus-
bandry ,medicine and plant resources.It is impossible for them to recognize plant by studying
the karyo type , the number of chromosomes , the differences of zymogram and mo rphology of
pollen in their busy work.Therefore , taxonomic workers should carry out more research into
morphological characterist ics of plant to provide reliable and convenient basis fo r them.Of
course , tax onomy has itself scientific feature.The application of modern biological techniques to
research fo r relationships among taxa is more important than to identification of tax a.Conse-
quently , the genuine value of the cy tological , isozymic and anatomical data as w ell as characteris-
tics of pollen lies in the research of relationships among species rather than establishment , sepa-
ration o r combination of species in classification of Agropyron .
References:
[ 1] Nevski S A.T ribe XIV.Hordeae Benth.V.L.Komarov V L.ed.Flo ra of the U.S.S.R.Vol.Ⅱ [ M] .Is-
rael Prog ram for Scientific T ranslation.Jerusalem.Washington , D.C.1934.526-528.
[ 2] Dewey D R , Asay K H.Cy togenetic and taxonomic relationships among three diploid crested w heatgrasses
[ J] .Crop Sci., 1982 , 22:645-650.
[ 3] Dewey D R.Genomic and phylo genetic relationships among Nor th American perennial T riticeae grasses
[ A] .Estes J R , Ty rl R J , Brunken J N.eds.Grasses and g rasslands:Systematic and Ecology [ C] .Univer-
sity o f Oklahoma Press , 1982.51-80.
[ 4] Dewey D R.Historical and cur rent taxonomic perspectives of Agropyron , Elymus and related genera [ J] .
Crop Sci., 1983 , 23:637-642.
[ 5] Dewey D R.The genomic sy stem of classification as a guide to intergeneric hybridization with the perennial
T riticeae [ A] .Gustafson J P.ed.Gene manipulation in improvement [ C] .Plenum Publishing , 1984.
209-279.
[ 6] Hitchcock A S.Manual of the g rasses of the United States [ M] .2nd edition revised by Agnes Case.U.S.
Dept.Agric.Misc.Pub.200.U.S.Govt Printing Office, D.C.1951.230-280.
[ 7] Bow den W M.Cy to tax onomy of the species and interspecific hybrids of genus Agropy ron in Canada and
neighboring areas [ J] .Can.J.Bo t.1965 , 43:1 421-1 448.
[ 8] Taylor R J , McCoy G A.Propo sed o rigin of tetraploid species of crested w heatgrass based on chro-
matog raphic and karyotypic analysis [ J] .Am.J.Bot., 1973 , 60:576-583.
[ 9] Tzvelev N N.T ribe 3.T riticeae Dum.Poaceae URSS [ M] .Lening rad:Nauka Publishing House , 1976.
203-214.
·347· 第 4 期 解新明 等:冰草属分类学研究之回顾
[ 10] Jones K.Taxonomic and biosystematic problems in the crested wheatg rasses[ A] .In Proc.14th Western
G rass Breeders Work Planning Conf [ C] .1960.29-34.
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[ 12] Schulz-Schaeffer J , Jurasits P.Biosystematic investigations in the genus Agropyron , I.cy tological studies
of species karyotypes [ J] .Am.J.Bo t., 1962 , 49:940-953.
[ 13] Ma Yu-chuan.F lora intramongolica Editio secound Tomus 5 [ M] .Huhhot:Typis intramongolica popu-
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[ 14] Yang Xiling.T riticeae Dumo rt [ A] .In:Flo ra Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae.Tomus 9(3).Delectis Flo rae
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[ 15] Liu Yingxin.Flora in Deser tis Reipblicae Populorum Sinarum.Tomus 1 [ M] .Beijing:Science P ress ,
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[ 16] Keng Yi-Li.F lora illustralis plantarum primarum sinicarum (Gramineae)[ M] .Beijing:Science P ress ,
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icum and A.mongolicum [ J] .Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University (Natural Science Edition),
1988 , (3):20-22.
[ 18] Konstantinov P N.Crested wheatg rass [ M] .Krasnokutsk:Exptl.Sta., 1923.
[ 19] Kosarev M G.Crested w heatgrass [ M] .Moscow:Seljhozgiz , 1941.
[ 20] Kosarev M G.The variability of characters of crested whea tg rass [ J] .Sele.i Semen., 1949 , (4):
41-43.
[ 21] Melderis A.T ribe T riticeae Dumor t , Genus 49.Agropyron Gaer tner [ A] .I n:Tutin T G.F lora Europaea
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[ 22] Löve A.Conspectus of the T riticeae [ J] .Feddes Repert., 1984 , 95:430-433.
[ 23] Yan Guix ing , Zhang Suzhen.Karyotype analy sis of Mongolian w heatgrass [ J] .Grassland of China , 1985 ,
(2):38-40.
[ 24] Hsiao C ,Wang R R-C , Dewey D R.Karyotype analy sis and genome relationships of 22 diploid species in
the tribe T riticeae [ J] .Can.J.Genet.Cy tol., 1985 , 28:109-120.
[ 25] Liu Shu-run.The preliminary study of the genus Agropyron J.Gaertn.in Xilinguole area in Inner Mon-
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[ 26] Sarkar P.Crested w heatgass complex [ J] .Can.J.Bot., 1956 , 34:328-345.
[ 27] Xie Xinming , Yang Xiling , Yu Dannian.The study of the esterase isozymes in genus Agropy ron classifica-
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[ 28] Xie Xinming , Ma Wanli , Yang Xiling.Pollen morphology of five species of Agropyron J.Gaertn.Inner
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39-44.
[ 29] Xie Xinming , Yang Xiling.Taxonomic values of the leaf anatomical characters of Agropy ron J.Gaertn
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(下转第 351页)
·348· 内蒙古师大学报 自然科学(汉文)版 第 30 卷
STUDY ON THE CULTIVATION OF HYBRID SPECIES
OF PLEUROTUS SAPIDUS AND LENTINUS EDODES
ZHANG Gong , WANG Rui-jun , Zhengrong , LI Zhen-xin
(Department of Biology , Inner Mongolia Normal University , Huhhot 010022 , China)
Abstract:Cultivation and living conditions of hybrid species of Pleurotus sapidus and
Lentinus edodes was studied.The results showed that the hybrid species belong s to the medial-
low temperature mushroom , and its rate of biological t ransformation is 112%.The most suitable
temperature for hypha grow th is 24℃ and that for f ruitbody grow th is about 20 ℃.It tastes be-
ween P.sapidus and L .edodes.It is fit for being cultivated in large scare.But it s genentic
identities are not stable.
Key words:hybrid species;Pleurotus sapidus;Lentinus edodes;cultivate;medium
【责任编辑 陈汉忠】
(上接第 348页)
冰草属分类学研究之回顾
解新明1 ,2 , 马万里1 , 李秉滔2
(1.内蒙古师范大学 生物系 , 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022;2.华南农业大学 ,广东 广州 510642)
摘 要:详细总结了国内外诸多学者的研究成果 ,分析了在冰草属分类地位以及属下等级的确立上所
产生争议的原因.认为这主要是由客观和主观两方面因素造成的.从客观原因来看 , 冰草属具 3 种染色体
倍性水平 , 而且地理分布高度重叠 , 生态适应相似 , 特别是一直被认为是稳定的形态性状 , 如花序 、颍及稃
也存在许多变异.从主观因素来看 , 首先是不同的学者有不同的分类标准 ,在如何对不同的性状进行选择
与加权 ,以什么性状作为鉴别特征等方面在不同的学者之间产生了分歧;其次是不同的学者所采用的分类
学方法差异较大 ,也是造成目前这种状况的重要原因.另外 , 还探讨了现代生物学技术在冰草属分类研究
中的价值 ,认为生化特性 、核型特征 、同工酶资料 、解剖学以及花粉学特征的真正价值是对其种间关系的确
立 ,而不是对其种的确立或种的分与合等问题的探讨.
关键词:冰草属;分类学;历史回顾
中图分类号:Q 949 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8735(2001)04-0341-09
【责任编辑 陈汉忠】
·351· 第 4 期 张 功 等:平香菇栽培的研究