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巴豆属植物中二萜类成分研究概况



全 文 :国际中医中药杂志 2006年 1月第 28卷第 1期 Int J Trad Chin Med, January 2006, Vol 28, No.1 ·17·

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(收稿日期:2005-10-18)
(本文编辑:张志军)


巴豆属植物中二萜类成分研究概况
王媛 邹忠梅 综述 丛浦珠 审校



大戟科巴豆属(Croton)植物全球约有 800 余
种,广布于热带、亚热带地区。我国有 21 种,主
要分布于南方各省[1]。该属多数品种能入药,具有
消炎解热、祛风活络、止痛的功效,常用于骨折、
跌打损伤、各种疼痛及消化系统疾病等。有些品种
有毒,如毛叶巴豆、巴豆等,临床应慎用[2]。
该属植物主要含有二萜类、生物碱、三萜类、
肌醇类、多酚类化合物,还含有少量的木脂素、香
豆素、长链脂肪酸、苷类、蛋白质等成分。其中,
二萜类化合物最常见,为该属植物的主要活性成
分。本文对从该属植物中分离得到的二萜类成分的
结构类型及其药理活性进行了归纳总结,为进一步
对该属植物进行研究开发提供参考。

1 结构类型
现已从巴豆属 48 种植物中分离得到二萜类化
合物 196个,按环的大小,可分为多环、大环、无环
3种类型。绝大多数为多环,少量为大环和无环类。
1.1 多环二萜
主要为新克罗烷型(clerodane,101个)、贝壳
杉烷型(kaurane,41个)、半日花烷型(labdane,
13个)、trachylobane 型(10个)。另外还有少量属
于 crotofolane 、 cleistanthane 、 sarcopetalane 、
printziane、哈立烷型(halimane)、右松脂烷型
(pimarane)等类型。
1.1.1 新克罗烷型:新克罗烷型二萜是巴豆属植物
中最主要的二萜,其母核为萘烷,且常有呋喃环取
代。与克罗烷型的最大区别在于 C9位的立体构型,
如果 C9是 S 构型则为新克罗烷型,若是 R 构型则
为克罗烷型。由该属植物中分离得到的新克罗烷型
二萜详见表 1,其中有的 C12与 C20通过氧桥形成有
C 环,如化合物 1~36、89、90、93~98,有的则
【摘要】 介绍了大戟科巴豆属植物中二萜类化学成分及其药理活性的研究进展。二萜类化合
物是该属植物的特征性成分,以克罗烷型、贝壳杉烷型为主,具有显著的抗肿瘤、抗溃疡等多种药
理活性。
【关键词】 巴豆属;二萜;化学成分;药理活性
作者单位:100094 北京,中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学药用
植物研究所(王媛、邹忠梅、丛浦珠)
·18· 国际中医中药杂志 2006年 1月第 28卷第 1期 Int J Traditional Chinese Medicine, January 2006 Vol 28 No.1

以连接呋喃环侧链形式存在,如化合物 37~88。
1.1.2 贝壳杉烷型:从该属植物中分离得到 41 个
贝壳杉烷型二萜(见表 2)。结构中 3、4、16 位常
有取代,3位常被羟基、乙酰基等基团取代。如 C3-C4
键断裂,则 3 位常为羧基。C8-C14、C13-C14常为α
键,15 位和 16 位间常为双键,有时通过氧原子连
接成三元杂环。
1.1.3 半日花烷型和 trachylobane 型:除富含克罗
烷型和贝壳杉烷型二萜外,巴豆属植物中还含有较
多的半日花烷型二萜和 trachylobane 型二萜(见表
3、表 4)。与贝壳杉烷型二萜相比,半日花烷型二
萜主要是发生了开环,由于双键位置的不同而形成
了多种不同结构的化合物。trachylobane型二萜含有
一个复杂的桥环结构,常在 3 位有含氧取代,在 4
位有 C-18、C-19取代,化合物结构主要因 3位和 4
位取代基的变化而不同。
1.1.4 其他多环二萜:从巴豆属植物中分离得到
crotofolane(7个)、cleistanthane(2个)、sarcopetalane
(3 个)、printziane(1 个)、哈立烷型(3 个)、右
松脂烷(2个)型二萜,分别是 crotofolin A(167)、
crotofolin B(168)、crotofolin C(169)、crotofolin E
(170)[73]、crotohaumanoxide(171)[6]、crotoxide A
(172)、crotoxide B (173)[74]、sonderianol(174)、
3,4-seco-sonderianol(175)[75]、sarcopetalolide(176)、
sarcopetalololide(177)、sarcopetaloic acid(178)[76]、
5,10-dihydro-5α-hydroxy-10β-printziane(179)[28]、
crotohalimaneic acid (180)、crotohalimoneic acid
(181)、12-benzoyloxycrotohalimaneic acid(182)[77]、
3β-hydroxy-19-O-acetyl-pimara-8(9)、15-dien-7-one
(183)[62]、isopimara-7,15-dien-3β-ol(184)[70]。
1.2 大环二萜
从巴豆属植物中分离得到一些大环二萜,主要
有五针松烷(cembrene)型,如 poilaneic acid(185)[78]、
crotocembraneic acid(186)、neocrotocembraneic acid
(187)和 neocrotocembranal(188)[79];卡斯烷
(casbane)型,如巴豆酮(189)[80]和化合物 190[81]。
1.3 无环二萜
无环二萜在巴豆属植物中较少见,已分离得到
6 个,分别是(E,E,Z)-11-羟甲基 -3,7,15-三甲基 -
2,6,10,14-十六碳四烯-1-醇(191)、(E,E,E)-11-甲酰
基-3,7,15-三甲基-2,6,10,14-十六碳四烯-1-醇(192)
[ 82 ]、 (10E)-3,12-二羟基 -3,7,11,15-四甲基 -
1,10,14- 十 六 碳 三 烯 -5,13- 二 酮 ( 193 )、
(6E,10E)-3,12-二羟基-3,7,11,15-四甲基-1,6,10,14-
十六碳四烯-5,13-二酮(194)、 (6Z,10E)-3,12-二羟
基-3,7,11,15-四甲基-1,6,10,14-十六碳四烯-5,13-二
酮(195)[ 83]、(E-Z-E)-7-羟甲基 -3,11,15-三甲
基-2,6,10,14-十六碳四烯-1-醇(196)[84]。

2 生物活性
2.1 抗肿瘤
从巴豆属植物中得到的二萜多数具有细胞毒
活性。例如,Block 等以细胞毒活性为指导分得的
trachylobane 型二萜 165,对 HeLa 细胞的 IC50为
7.3 µg/ml[7]。Morales等发现贝壳杉烷型二萜化合
物 140对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞的 IC50为 12.5 µM/ml,
而对正常细胞的毒性微弱。从分子水平考察,其细
胞毒作用机制比较特殊,不是通过影响 NF-κB 的
DNA结合能力,而是通过降低 Bcl-2的水平诱导前
细胞凋亡[85]。trans-dehydrocrotonin(12)通过促
进细胞色素 C 释放和凋亡体形成,诱导人 HL-60
细胞凋亡,最大细胞致死率浓度为 250 µM[86],如
果与蛋白磷酸酯酶抑制剂合用,则可使其致细胞凋
亡作用增强 2倍[87];16 µM时其对艾氏腹水癌细胞
有细胞毒作用[88]。pimarane型二萜化合物 184具有
抑制佛波酯促癌作用和轻微的细胞毒性[70]。体外
实验表明,对于细胞株 P-388,化合物 187 和 188
具有细胞毒活性,IC50分别为 6.49、41.47 µg/ml[80]。
但是化合物 187 的同分异构体化合物 186 无此活
性,提示双键构型可能对化合物活性有影响。此外,
从 C. oblongifolius中分离得到的化合物 151及其衍
生物对多种细胞株有细胞毒活性[89]。
2.2 降血压
Guerrero等发现克罗烷型二萜对高浓度 K+
国际中医中药杂志 2006年 1月第 28卷第 1期 Int J Trad Chin Med, January 2006, Vol 28, No.1 ·19·

表 1 巴豆属植物中新克罗烷型二萜
编号 化合物名称 1分子式 植物来源 参考文献
1 eluterin I C24H32O7 C. eluteria 3
2 eluterin J C22H28O6 C. eluteria 3
3 korberin A C23H28O8 C. lechleri 4
4 cascarillin G C24H32O8 C. eluteria 5
5 cascarillin H C22H30O6 C. eluteria 5
6 cascarillin I C24H32O7 C. eluteria 5
7 eluterin H C24H32O6 C. eluteria 3
8 korberin B C23H28O7 C. lechleri 4
9 crotocorylifuran C22H26O7 C. haumanianus 6
10 sonderianial C21H28O5 C. sonderianus 7
11 sonderianin C21H26O5 C. sonderianus 7
12 trans-dehydrocrotonin C19H22O4 C. cajucara 8
13 cis-dehydrocrotonin C19H22O4 C. cajucara 8
14 5β-hydroxy-cis-dehydrocrotonin C19H22O5 C. schiedeanus 9
15 swassin C20H20O5 C. joufra Roxb 10
16 plaunolide C21H22O5 C. sublyratus 11
17 cajucarinolide C19H22O5 C. cajucara 12
18 isocajucarinolide C19H22O5 C. cajucara 13
19 croverin C21H22O6 C. verreauxii 14
20 dihydrocroverin C21H24O6 C. verreauxii 14
21 cascarillin E C23H34O7 C. eluteria 5
22 cascarillin F C22H32O7 C. eluteria 5
23 crotonin C19H24O4 C. lucidus 15
24 t-crotonin C19H24O4 C. cajucara 16
25 corylifuran C22H26O8 C. corylifolius 17
26 cascarillin C22H32O7 C. eluteria 3
27 levatin C19H20O5 C. levatii 18
28 crovatin C21H26O6 C. levatii 19
29 penduliflaworosin C21H26O5 C. penduliflorus 20
30 cascarillin C C21H28O5 C. eluteria 21
31 crotozambefuran A C22H24O7 C. zambesicus 22
32 crotozambefuran C C21H22O7 C. zambesicus 22
33 crotinsularin C20H30O4 C. insularis 23
34 crotomacrine C21H22O6 C. macrostachyus 24
35 未命名 C22H28O7 C. pyramidalis 25
36 1,2-dihydro-crotomcrine C21H26O5 C. urucurana 26
37 eluterin C C22H32O5 C. eluteria 3
38 eluterin D C22H32O5 C. eluteria 3
39 eluterin E C22H32O6 C. eluteria 3
40 eluterin F C26H36O8 C. eluteria 3
41 eluterin G C24H32O7 C. eluteria 3
42 epoxychiromodine C21H28O5 C. megalocarpus 27
·20· 国际中医中药杂志 2006年 1月第 28卷第 1期 Int J Traditional Chinese Medicine, January 2006 Vol 28 No.1

续表 1 巴豆属植物中新克罗烷型二萜
编号 化合物名称 1分子式 植物来源 参考文献
43 cascarillin B C22H28O6 C. eluteria 21
44 cascarillin D C22H30O5 C. eluteria 21
45 hoffmanniaaldehyde C20H28O2 C. cortesianus 28
46 hardwickic acid C20H32O3 C. lechleri 29
47 12-hydroxyhardwickic acid C20H28O4 C. sonderianus 7
48 6α-hydroxyannonene C20H30O2 C. sonderianus 30
49 6α,7β-dihydroxyannonene C20H30O3 C. sonderianus 30
50 6α,7β-diacetoxyannonene C24H34O5 C. sonderianus 30
51 junceic acid C20H28O3 C. sarcopetalus 31
52 trans-annonene C20H30O C. sonderianus 32
53 eluterin K C25H45O7 C. eluteria 33
54 me ester of 12-oxo-hardwickic acid C21H28O4 C. polyandrus 34
55 cajucarins A C21H26O5 C. cajucara 35
56 cajucarins B C20H26O4 C. cajucara 35
57 t-cajucarin B C20H26O4 C. cajucara 12
58 cromiargyne C21H28O4 C. hemiargyreus 36
59 7-acetoxycromiargyne C23H30O6 C. hemiargyreus 36
60 velamone C20H28O2 C. campestris St Hil. 37
61 velamolone C20H28O2 C. campestris St Hil. 37
62 velamolone acetate C22H30O4 C. campestris St Hil. 37
63 2-oxo-15,16-epoxy-cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene C. urucurana 26
64 trans-cascarillone C20H30O2 C. sonderianus 32
65 (12R)-12-hydroxycascarillone C20H30O3 C. schiedeanus 9
66 iso-sacacarin C20H24O4 C. cajucara 38
67 chiromodine C21H30O6 C. megalocarpus 27
68 eluterin B C24H34O6 C. eluteria 3
69 crolechinic acid C20H34O3 C. lechleri 29
70 eluterin A C24H34O6 C. eluteria 3
71 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxy-4-hydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene C20H28O4 C. argyrophylloides 39
72 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxy-cleroda-13(16),14-dien-9-al C20H26O4 C. hovarum 40
73 3α,4β-dihydroxy-15,16-epoxy-19-nor-12-oxo-cleroda-13(16),14-diene C20H30O4 C. hovarum 41
74 3α,4β-dihydroxy-15,16-epoxy-12-oxo-cleroda-13(16),14-dien-9-al C20H28O5 C. hovarum 41
75 crotonic acid C22H34O4 C. chilensis 42
76 haplopappic acid C20H30O4 C. schiedeanus 43
77 (+)-15-hydroxy-cis-cleroda-3,13-dien-18-oic-acid C20H32O3 C. schiedeanus 43
78 (-)-12,16-dihydroxy-cis-cleroda-3,13-dien-15-oic acid 15,16-olide C20H29O5 C. schiedeanus 43
79 floridolide A C20H29O4 C. schiedeanus 43
80 (+)-15-methoxyfloridolide A C21H31O5 C. schiedeanus 43
81 Chettaphanin I C21H26O6 C. crassifolius 44
82 crolechinol C20H36O3 C. lechleri 29
83 bincatriol C20H34O3 C. lechleri 29
84 未命名 C20H28O3 C. cortesianus 28
国际中医中药杂志 2006年 1月第 28卷第 1期 Int J Trad Chin Med, January 2006, Vol 28, No.1 ·21·

续表 1 巴豆属植物中新克罗烷型二萜
编号 化合物名称 1分子式 植物来源 参考文献
85 15,16-epoxy-19-nor-cleroda-2,4,10(1),13(16),14-pentene C19H24O C. cortesianus 28
86 crotozambefurans B C23H28O7 C. zambesicus 22
87 3α,4β-dihydroxy-15,16-epoxy-19-nor-12-oxo-cleroda-5(10),13(16), 14-triene C19H26O4 C. hovarum 40
88 (-)-methyl-16-hydroxy-19-nor-2-oxo-cis-cleroda-3,13-dien-15,16- olide-20-oate C20H26O6 C. schiedeanus 43
89 plaunol B C20H20O6 C. sublyratus 45
90 plaunol C C20H20O7 C. sublyratus 45
91 plaunol D C20H22O7 C. sublyratus 45
92 plaunol E C22H24O8 C. sublyratus 45
93 plaunol A C20H20O7 C. sublyratus 45
94 croblongifolin C28H30O9 C. oblongifolius 46
95 crovatin C21H26O6 C. oblongifolius 46
96 crotocaudin C19H18O5 C. caudatus 47
97 isocrotocaudin C19H18O5 C. caudatus 48
98 teucvidin C19H20O5 C. caudatus 47
99 未命名 C21H24O5 C. jimenezii 49
100 未命名 C21H24O5 C. jimenezii 49
101 未命名 C21H24O5 C. jimenezii 49
102 diasin C21H24O7 C. diasii 50


表 2 巴豆属植物中贝壳杉烷型二萜
编号 化合物名称 1分子式 植物来源 参考文献
103 ent-kaur-15-en-17-ol C24H36O5 C. lacciferus 51
104 ent-kaur-15-en-17-hydroxy-3β-yl acetate C22H34O3 C. lacciferus 51
105 ent-kaur-15-en-3β,17-diol C20H32O2 C. lacciferus 53
106 未命名 C20H28O4 C. argyrophylloides 52
107 未命名 C21H30O4 C. argyrophylloides 52
108 ent-kauran-3β,16β,17-triol C20H32O4 C. lacciferus 51
109 ent-kauran-16β,17-diol C20H32O3 C. lacciferus 51
110 16α-H-ent-kauran-17-oic acid C20H32O2 C. lacciferus 53
111 geayine C20H28O3 C. geayi 54
112 7-deoxogeayine C20H30O2 C. geayi 54
113 geayinine C20H32O3 C. geayi 54
114 isogeayinine C20H30O2 C. geayi 54
115 ent-7β-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-18-yl acetate C22H32O4 C. tonkinensis 55
116 ent-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid C20H30O2 C. argyrophylloides 39
117 (-)-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid C20H30O2 C. oblongifolius 56
118 ent-kaur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oic acid C20H28O3 C. argyrophylloides 39
119 ent-11α-acetoxykaur-16-en-18-oic acid C22H32O4 C. tonkinensis 57
120 ent-kaur-16-en-15-one-18-oic acid C20H28O3 C. tonkinensis 57
121 ent-15α,18-dihydroxykaur-16-ene C20H32O2 C. tonkinensis 57
·22· 国际中医中药杂志 2006年 1月第 28卷第 1期 Int J Traditional Chinese Medicine, January 2006 Vol 28 No.1

续表 2 巴豆属植物中贝壳杉烷型二萜
编号 化合物名称 1分子式 植物来源 参考文献
122 ent-18-hydroxykaur-16-ene C20H32O C. tonkinensis 57
123 ent-8,9-seco-7α,11β-diacetoxykaura-8(14),16-dien-9,15-dione C24H32O6 C. kongensis 55
124 ent-8,9-seco-7α-hydroxy-11β-acetoxykaura-8(14),16-dien-9,15-dione C22H30O6 C. kongensis 55
125 ent-7α,14β-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one C20H30O3 C. tonkinensis 58
126 ent-18-acetoxy-7α-hydroxykaur-16-en-5-one C22H32O4 C. tonkinensis 58
127 ent-1β-acetoxy-7α,14β-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one C22H32O5 C. tonkinensis 58
128 ent-18-acetoxy-7α,14β-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one C22H32O5 C. tonkinensis 58
129 ent-1α,14α-diacetoxy-7β-hydroxykaur-16-en-14-one C24H34O6 C. tonkinensis 59
130 ent-1α,7β-diacetoxy-14α-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one C24H34O6 C. tonkinensis 59
131 ent-18-acetoxy-14α-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one C22H32O4 C. tonkinensis 59
132 ent-11α-acetoxy-7β,14α-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one C22H32O5 C. tonkinensis 57
133 ent-7β-acetoxy-11α-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one C22H32O4 C. tonkinensis 57
134 ent-18-acetoxy-11α-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one C22H32O4 C. tonkinensis 57
135 ent-11α,18-diacetoxy-7β-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one C24H34O6 C. tonkinensis 57
136 ent-1α-acetoxy-7β,14α-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one C22H32O5 C. tonkinensis 60
137 ent-8,9-seco-8,14-epoxy-7α-hydroxy-11β-acetoxy-16-kauren-9,15-dione C20H30O6 C. kongensis 55
138 ent-15β,16-epoxykauran-17-ol C20H32O2 C. lacciferus 53
139 yucalexin P-4 C20H28O2 C. sarcopetalus 31
140 ent-16β,17α-dihydroxykaurane C20H34O2 C. sublyratus 61
141 ent-(16S)-1α,14α-diacetoxy-7β-hydroxy-17-methoxykauran-15-one C25H38O7 C. tonkinensis 57
142 未命名 C20H28O2 C. sarcopetalus 31
143 未命名 C20H30O2 C. sarcopetalus 31
表 3 巴豆属植物中半日花烷型二萜
编号 化合物名称 1分子式 植物来源 参考文献
144 2α,3α-dihydroxy-labda-8(17),12(13),14(15)-triene C20H32O2 C. joufra 62
145 2-acetoxy-3-hydroxy-labda-8(17),12(E)-14-triene C22H34O3 C. oblongifolius 63
146 3-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-labda-8(17),12(E)-14-triene C22H34O3 C. oblongifolius 63
147 2,3-dihydroxy-labda-8(17),12(E),14-triene C20H32O2 C. oblongifolius 63
148 labda-7,12(E),14-triene C20H32 C. oblongifolius 64
149 labda-7,12(E),14-triene-17-al C20H30O C. oblongifolius 64
150 labda-7,12(E),14,triene-17-ol C20H32O C. oblongifolius 64
151 labda-7,12(E),14,triene-17-oic acid C20H30O2 C. oblongifolius 64
152 crotonadiol C20H34O2 C. zambesicus 65
153 nidorellol C21H36O C. oblongifolius 46
154 maravuic acid C20H30O2 C. matourensis 66
155 nivenolide C20H28O4 C. niveus 67
156 ent-3α-hydroxy-13-epimanool C20H34O2 C. sublyratus 60


(80 mM)或苯福林诱导离体小鼠主动脉环收缩具
有舒张作用,化合物 65、13、14、12的 IC50分别
为 0.3、1.5、96、> 100mM,与黄酮类化合物合用
具有协同作用[90]。研究表明,化合物 12(10 mg/kg)
的降压和减慢心率作用可能与促进一氧化氮释放及
其对血管平滑肌和心脏起搏点的直接作用有关[91]。
国际中医中药杂志 2006年 1月第 28卷第 1期 Int J Trad Chin Med, January 2006, Vol 28, No.1 ·23·

表 4 巴豆属植物中 trachylobane型二萜
编号 化合物名称 1分子式 植物来源 参考文献
157 7β-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid C22H32O4 C. zambesicus 65
158 trachyloban-7β,18-diol C20H32O2 C. zambesicus 65
159 trachyloban-19-oic acid C20H30O2 C. robustus 68
160 trachyloban-19-ol C20H32O C. robustus 68
161 3α,19-dihydroxytrachylobane C20H32O2 C. macrostachys 69
162 3α,18,19-trihydroxytrachylobane C20H32O3 C. macrostachys 69
163 ent-trachyloban-3-one C20H30O C. insularis 23
164 ent-18-hydroxy-trachyloban-3-one C20H30O2 C. zambesicus 70
165 ent-trachyloban-3β-ol C20H32O C. zambesicus 71
166 3,4-trachylobanoic acid C20H30O2 C. sonderianus 72
2.3 抗溃疡
动物实验表明,化合物 12 可显著抑制大鼠和
小鼠的胃溃疡形成。但是,亚急性毒性实验表明,
长期服用该化合物可导致肝损害[92]。化合物 23具
有更强的抗溃疡活性和较弱的肝毒性,且其细胞毒
作用随时间延长而减弱[93]。Hirama-Lima等对这两
个二萜进行比较和协同使用研究,认为 A环与其抗
溃疡作用并无直接关系[94]。从 C. sublyratus的抗溃
疡活性提取物中分离得到的化合物89、90、92,10 mg/kg
对溃疡模型大鼠的抑制率均大于 80%[45]。
2.4 其他作用
从该属植物中分得的二萜还具有降糖、降血脂
和抗凝血等作用。化合物 12 的降血糖作用与优降
糖(2 mg/kg)相似[95];通过降血脂来保护心血管,
每天口服 25或 50 mg/kg可显著抑制因饮食引起的
总胆固醇和甘油三酯增高[96]。因此认为可用于抗
动脉粥样硬化。化合物 188(47.21 µg/ml)显著抑
制由凝血酶(0.25 U/ml)引起的血小板聚集。而两
个具有相似结构的化合物 186、187 无此活性,推
测活性基团为醛基[80]。另外,化合物 13 和 12 具
有抑制昆虫生长的作用,ED50均为 30 ppm[8]。

3 结语
目前,国内关于巴豆属化学成分尤其是二萜类
成分的研究很少,并且主要是针对巴豆油的药理研
究。而巴豆属植物中富含二萜,类型多样,结构变
化繁多,丰富了天然产物库。而且,这些二萜大多
具有药理活性,但目前对于二萜单体的活性研究主
要集中在化合物 12、13、23 等个别化合物,而对
其他化合物的活性研究很少,其原因可能是由于分
离提取的天然二萜成分的量有限,制约了对其活性
的研究。今后,可利用半合成方法合成系列衍生物,
开展活性及构效关系研究,尤应注意立体构型的差
异对化合物活性的影响。另外,对该属植物中此类
化合物的药理作用机制的研究也有待加强,以促进
该类化合物的开发利用。

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(收稿日期:2005-10-05)
(本文编辑:彭莉)


葫芦素 BE的药理作用研究进展
杨凯 郑刚





葫芦素类(cucurbitacins)成分是从植物中提取
的一类高度氧化的四环三萜类化合物,至今已发现
40多种。该类成分多数存在于葫芦科植物中,部分
存在于其他植物。根据美国伊利诺斯大学药学院生
药系与药理学系天然药物情报中心提供的资料,约
10科 40属 90种植物中含有这类成分[1]。随着光谱
技术的发展,对葫芦素类成分的结构已有较全面的
认识,它们的基本碳氢骨架为 19-失碳-9β-甲基-10α-
羊毛甾烯-5,按其侧链的差异可将葫芦素类分为葫
芦素 A~R[1-5]。葫芦素 BE(CuBE)主要从中药甜
瓜蒂中提取,具有抗肿瘤、抗化学致癌、保肝、提
高机体免疫力等多种生物活性[3-5]。现将 CuBE 的
药理作用以及应用研究情况综述如下。

1 细胞毒与抗癌作用
自 50年代初,Belkin M在筛选植物抗癌药时
发现葫芦素有抑制乳腺癌及淋巴肉瘤的作用[3]以
【摘要】 葫芦素 BE 具有抗肿瘤、抗化学致癌、保肝、提高机体免疫力等多种生物活性。本
文归纳了葫芦素 BE的药理作用以及应用的研究进展。
【关键词】 葫芦素 BE;抗肿瘤;调节免疫功能
作者单位:400016重庆医科大学附属第一医院口腔颌面外科(杨凯);
400016重庆市中医研究院(郑刚)