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柳杉属3个查尔酮合成酶(CHS)新基因的克隆及其序列特异性分析(英文)



全 文 :浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 39(3):246~252,2013
Journal of Zhejiang University(Agric.&Life Sci.)
http://www.journals.zju.edu.cn/agr
E-mail:zdxbnsb@zju.edu.cn  DOI:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.10.061
  Foundation item:Projects supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30800879)and Forest Seedling Industry Innovative
Team of Zhejiang Province in China(No.2009R50035).
*Corresponding author:LU Yongquan,Tel:+86-571-63743855;E-mail:luyongquan@126.com
  Received:2012-10-06;Accepted:2012-10-29;Published online:2013-05-15
URL:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/33.1247.S.20130515.1605.002.html
Cloning and sequence analysis of three novel chalone synthase genes in
Cryptomeria plants
LU Yongquan1*,JIA Qing1,TONG Zaikang1,CHEN Jianyang2(1.The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of
Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Lin′an,Zhejiang 311300,China;2.Tiantai
County Huading Forestry Farm,Tiantai,Zhejiang 317200,China)
Abstract Chalcone synthase(CHS)is the first enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in plants.In order to clone
CHSgene in Cryptomeria plants,the amplified consensus genetic markers(ACGM)were designed and combined with
RACE technique,three CHSgenes in Cryptomeria japonicavar.sinensis,C.japonicacv.Araucarioides and C.japonica
were obtained,respectively.Sequence analysis showed that the coding sequence(CDS)of each CHSgene was 1 176bp in
length and encoded 391amino acids.The GFGPG tag of CHS conservative active sites were found in their proteins.Three
CHS proteins showed 99%homology with each other,but more than 79%homology with other plants,which indicated
that CHS were relatively conserved during evolution.
Key words gene cloning;chalcone synthase(CHS);Cryptomeria japonica var.sinensis;Cryptomeria japonica
cv.Araucarioides;Cryptomeria japonica
CLC number Q 74   Document code A
柳杉属3个查尔酮合成酶(CHS)新基因的克隆及其序列特异性分析(英文)。Journal of Zhejiang
University(Agric.&Life Sci.),2013,39(3):246-252
卢泳全1*,贾庆1,童再康1,陈见阳2(1.浙江农林大学亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室培育基地,浙江 临安
311300;2.天台县华顶林场,浙江 天台317200)
摘要 查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)是黄酮类物质合成的第一关键酶。为了获得CHS基因,我们在
ACGM标记所扩增的PCR片段内设计锚定引物,并结合RACE技术首次克隆了柳杉属3种植物的CHS基因,包
括柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica var.sinensis,CjsCHS)、短茸柳杉(C.japonicacv.Araucarioides,CjaCHS)和日
本柳杉(C.japonica,CjCHS),并对其进行分析。结果表明:3个基因长都为1 176bp,编码391个氨基酸,它们都
含有CHS高度保守活性位点以及CHS标签序列 GFGPG,其编码蛋白的相似度达99%,与其他植物相似度在
79%以上,表明CHS基因在进化上具有相对保守性。
关键词 基因克隆;查尔酮合成酶 (CHS);柳杉;短茸柳杉;日本柳杉
  Chalcone synthase(CHS)is the first enzyme in
the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and also a key
enzyme in the secondary metabolic pathway of plants,
which catalyzes condensation between 3-acetoxy of
malonyl coenzyme A and 1-acetoxy of 4-coumaroyl-
CoA[1]and synthesizes chalcone with 4-coumaric acid-
CoA as the best substrate[2].Chalcone is the synthetic
precursor for plant flavonoid[3].Many researches have
卢泳全,等:柳杉属3个查尔酮合成酶 (CHS)新基因的克隆及其序列特异性分析 (英文)
been conducted on the cloning and functional analysis
of CHSgenes[4-6].
  The Cryptomeria genera within Taxodiaceae
family are relict plants from Cretaceous period.The
family was an important component in forest vegetation
of the northern hemisphere from the late Cretaceous to
the mid-tertiary eras approximately 115to 30milion
years ago.In the late tertiary and pleistocene,
however,the family underwent a widespread reduction
resulting in the present day relictual genera with
restricted  distributions[7]. At  present, the
Cryptomeria genus consists of only two species and
one variety,including Cryptomeria japonica var.
sinensis,C.japonica cv.Araucarioides and C.
japonica[8].
  However,no research has been conducted on the
cloning CHSgene from Cryptomeria plants.In this
study,Cryptomeria plants were used as experimental
materials for cloning the ful-length cDNA sequence of
CHS gene by using RACE (rapid-amplification of
cDNA ends)technique and bioinformatics analysis
were conducted for the variation of the CHSgenes in
Cryptomeriaplants at the molecular level.
1 Materials and methods
1.1 Plant materials
  Fresh leaves of C.japonica var.sinensis,C.
japonica cv. Araucarioides and C. japonica,
numbered from 1to 3,respectively,were colected
from Hangzhou Plant Garden,Zhejiang,China.
1.2 CHSgenes cloning
  RNAs were isolated from three accessions using
CTAB method with modification[9],respectively.
They were then reversed into cDNAs as templates for
PCR reactions.Primers of amplified consensus genetic
markers(ACGM)targeted at CHSgene[10]were used
in the first PCR reaction.PCR was performed in 20μL
volumes containing 50ng of template DNA,0.5
μmol/L of each target primer(Table 1),200μmol/L
of each dNTP,1.5mmol/L of MgCl2,1unit of Pfu
DNA polymerase,and 2μL of 10×PCR reaction
bufer.A touchdown PCR program[11]was used:5
min at 95℃;10cycles of:30sat 95℃,30sat 58
℃ minus 0.3℃per cycle,1min at 72℃;20cycles
of:30sat 95℃,30sat 55℃,1min at 72℃;and 7
min at 72℃for a final extension.The PCR products
were cloned into the pGEMT-vector,and the positive
clones were picked out.The T-vector was then
identified by restriction endonuclease digestion.The
correct clones were selected for sequencing.According
to the sequencing results,5′and 3′RACE primers
were designed (Table 1).Folowing the RACE
manual,the 5′and 3′fragments of three CHSgenes
were obtained,respectively.
    We then designed primers to clone coding
sequence (CDS)of CHS genes named CjsCHS,
CjCHS and CjaCHS, from three accessions,
respectively.The primers for gene cloning are in
Table 2.Al primers used were synthesized by the
Table 1 Primers for target genes
No. Primer name     
Primers sequence
Forward primers(5′→3′)     Reverse primers(5′→3′)    
1 ACGM primers target at CHSgene  AAGGCACATTCTGAGCGAGT  TGTGGCAATTTATTGCATCATT
2  5′RACE  GACGAATCAAGCTTGTGG  CGACTTCCTCATCTCATCCAAG
3  3′RACE  CTTGGATGAGATGAGGAAGTCG  CCACAAGCTTGATTCGTC
Table 2 Primers for cloning genes
No. Gene name  Accession genera    
Primers for CDS cloning
Forward primers(5′→3′)   Reverse primers(5′→3′)  
1  CjsCHS  C.japonicavar.sinensis  ATGGTGGATGTAGAGGCAAT  TCATTCTTGGAGAGGAACGC
2  CjaCHS  C.japonicacv.Araucarioides  ATGGTGGATGTAGAGGCAAT  TCATTCTTGGAGAGGAACGC
3  CjCHS  C.japonica  ATGGTGGATGTAGAGGCAAT  TCATTCTTGGAGAGGAACGC
  Start and stop codons are underline.
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浙江大学学报 (农业与生命科学版)
Nanjing Jinsirui Biological Engineering &Technology
Company(Nanjing,China).Electrophoreses of PCR
products were detected by 1.0% agarose gel.The
target products were purified and cloned into the
pGEM-T vector (Promega,USA)for sequencing
(Sangon,Shanghai,China).
1.3 Characterization of the deduced CHS protein
  Amino acid sequences of CHSs were deduced by
DNAman software.The isoelectric points and the
molecular masses of the deduced CHS polypeptides
were calculated with the ProtParam tool(http://
web.expasy.org/protparam). The conserved
domains of CHSs were also predicted by SMART at
http://smart. embl-heidelberg. de. Secondary
structure of each CHS protein was checked by GOR at
http://npsa-pbil.ibcp.fr. Finaly,the three-
dimension model of each CHS was set up with 3D-
PSSM of ExPASy at http://en.wikipedia.org.
1.4 Homologous analysis
  The three CHSs from Cryptomeria plants
obtained in this study,as wel as CHSs fromLilium
speciosum,Aquilaria sinensis,Nelumbo nucifera,
Sorbus aucuparia,Pinus pinaster,Abies alba and
Pseudotsuga menziesi,were alignment by ClustalX.
2 Results and discussion
2.1 Analysis of CHS nucleotide sequence
  With ACGM primers targeted at CHS gene,
three fragments of about 250bp PCR products were
obtained from three accessions,respectively in the first
PCR reaction.Folowing the RACE technique,three
PCR products were obtained,respectively(Fig.1).
Among the sequences,the start and termination
codons were al obtained in those three nucleotides,
respectively.Database search with BlastN at NCBI
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)showed that
the three CHS nucleotide sequences had a high
similarity with other CHS genes from both
gymnosperm and angiosperm plant species.Those
results showed that the ful coding sequences of three
CHSgenes in Cryptomeria plants were obtained in
this study.The length of each CHSgene was 1 176bp
(Fig.2),and encoded 391amino acids(Fig.3).
Numbers of 1to 3correspond to the accession number in Table 1.
Fig.1 PCR products of Cryptomeria CHSs
  According to sequences of multiple alignments
with ClustalX,the homologies between those three
CHSgenes in Cryptomeriaplants were 99%.Further
analysis showed that there were nine variation sites
(Fig.2),among which 8were transition,while the
other one was transversion resulting in the change of
adenine(A)to thymine(T).Among the transition,
six were from adenine(A)to guanine(G),the other
two were from thymine(T)to cytosine(C).No
insertion or deletion mutations were found.
2.2 Conserved domain analysis of the CHS protein
  According to a former report[12],CHS domain
usualy contains several high conservative amino acids.
In our study,the deduced amino acid sequences for
CHSs showed that each protein contained four
conservative sites at C164,F215,H303,N336 and a
GFGPG tag of CHS,which indicated that they al
belong to CHS protein family.
2.3 Prediction of the protein secondary structure
  The secondary structure analysis showed that
α-helix andβ-turn were the major motifs of predicted
secondary structure of CHS(Table 3).The numbers
ofα-helix andβ-turn in each CHS were 12and 14,
respectively.Although four variations existed among
three CHS proteins at 155,256,281and 299,their
secondary structures were exactly the same,which
showed the conservation of CHSs in evolution.
2.4 Three-dimension models of CHS proteins
  The three-dimension model of each CHS protein
was set up with 3D-PSSM of ExPASy(Fig.4).The
three conservative domains of active positions in
metabolic pathway could be seen clearly. The
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卢泳全,等:柳杉属3个查尔酮合成酶 (CHS)新基因的克隆及其序列特异性分析 (英文)
Numbers of 1to 3correspond to the accession number in Table 2.
Fig.2 Multiple alignment of CHSgenes
942 第3期
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Conserved sites are marked by box.Numbers of 1to 3correspond to the accession number in Table 2.
Fig.3 Multiple alignment of CHS proteins
Table 3 Results of sequence analysis
No. Gene name
Length of CDS
(bp)
Length of
amino acid
Molecular mass  PI
Numbers of
α-helix
Numbers of
β-turn
1  CjsCHS  1 176  391  42 858.5  6.22  12  14
2  CjaCHS  1 176  391  42 943.5  5.65  12  14
3  CjCHS  1 176  391  42 857.4  5.77  12  14
Numbers 1to 3correspond to the accession number in Table 2.
Fig.4 Prediction of the three-dimensional model of CHS proteins
N-terminal domain and C-terminal domain could be
associated with Coumadin acyl coenzyme A and
malonyl coenzyme A,respectively.The other one was
BEN domain,containing helix-helix structure,which
may make the protein more flexibility and mobility.
2.5 Homologous analysis
  Database search with BlastP in NCBI and multi-
alignment ClustalX 1.83showed that the deduced CHS
proteins had similarity (from 79% to 94%)with
CHSs from other plant species(Fig.5).This study
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卢泳全,等:柳杉属3个查尔酮合成酶 (CHS)新基因的克隆及其序列特异性分析 (英文)
    L.speciosum (AB201530.1),A.sinensis (EF103197.1), N.nucifera (FJ999628.1),S.aucuparia
(DQ286037.1),P.pinaster(AY321087.1),A.alba(DQ384198.1),P.menziesii(DQ371805.1).Numbers of 1to
3correspond to the accession number in Table 2.
Fig.5 Results of multiple alignment
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浙江大学学报 (农业与生命科学版)
showed the conservation of CHS gene during
evolution.
  In this experiment,three ful-length CHSgenes
were first cloned from Cryptomeria plants by using
RACE technology.Chalcone synthase(CHS)is a key
enzyme in flavonoid biosynthetic pathway[13-14].
Therefore,cloning CHS gene laid the foundation to
clarify molecular basis of the synthesis of flavonoids.
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