全 文 ：美味牛肝菌菌丝体的营养特性
谭永忠，戴 玄 *，王慧超， 陈今朝 （长江师范
学院生命科学与技术学院，重庆 408100）
摘 要 研究了美味牛肝菌菌丝体的营养特
性。 结果表明，美味牛肝菌生长的最适碳源是
葡萄糖， 最适氮源是蛋白胨， 最适无机盐是
KH2PO4和 KH2PO4，最适维生素是 VB1；最适培
养基为 ：3.0％葡萄糖 、0.20％蛋白胨 、0.60%
KH2PO4、0.20% MgSO4·7H2O 和 0.000 50％ VB1；
最适 pH 为 5.0，最适温度为 28 ℃，此时菌丝
体生长速度最快，长势最好。
关键词 美味牛肝菌 （Boletus edulis）； 菌丝
体；生长速度；生长势
基金项目 重 庆 市 自 然 科 学 基 金 项 目
（cstc2012jjA80026）， 重庆市教委科技计划项
目 （KJ131311），长江师范学院科技计划项目
（2013-XJZD003）。
作者简介 谭永忠（1969- ），男，重庆人，副教
授，主要从事微生物学、菌物学的教学与研究工
作。 * 通讯作者，主要从事微生物学、菌物学的
教学与研究工作，E-mail：sherdai@gmail.com。
收稿日期 2013-12-06
修回日期 2014-01-08
Analysis of Nutritional Characteristics of Boletus
edulis Mycelium
Yongzhong TAN, Xuan DAI*, Huichao WANG, Jinzhao CHEN
College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing City (cstc2012jjA80026);
Scientific Research Project of Chongqing Education Committee (KJ131311); Scientific
Research Project of Yangtze Normal University(2013XJZD003).
*Corresponding author. E-mail: sherdai@gmail.com
Received: December 6, 2013 Accepted: January 8, 2014A
Agricultural Science & Technology, 2014, 15(1): 155-158
Copyright訫 2014, Information Institute of HAAS. All rights reserved Storage and Processing
B oletus edulis, which is deliciousand nutritious, containing morethan twenty kinds of amino
acids, a variety of vitamins, minerals,
polysaccharides and basic proteins [1],
belongs to the genus Boletus of family
Boletaceae [2]. B. edulis can prevent
pain in waist and lower extremities,
deadlimb and limb twitching; polysa-
ccharides and basic proteins in B. ed-
ulis can not only resistant tumors and
viruses, but also regulate the immune
function [3]. Many studies about liquid
culture of B. edulis have been carried
out currently[4-6], while little information
is available about biological character-
istics of B. edulis, especially for the
growth rate of B. edulis mycelium in
different medium. Therefore, this study
aimed to investigate the growth rate of
B. edulis mycelium in different medi-
um, which provided basis for further
utilization of B. edulis resources.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Strains Boletus edulis was separat-
ed and preserved in the Biotechnolo-
gy Laboratory, College of Life Sci-
ence and Technology, Yangtze Nor-
mal University.
Stock culture medium PDA nutri-
ent medium: 20.0% peeled potatoes,
2.0% glucose, 0.20% MgSO4·7H2O,
0.40% KH2PO4, 0.001 0% vitamin B1
(VB1), 2.0% agar.
Carbon and nitrogen base medium
Carbon and nitrogen base medium:
2.0% glucose, 0.20% yeast extract,
0.40% KH2PO4, 0.20% MgSO4·7H2O,
0.001 0% VB1, natural pH[6].
Methods
Single-factor experiment Firstly,
0.5 cm2 B. edulis mycelium was inocu-
lated in the center of stock culture
medium and incubated at 28 ℃ . Four
days later, mycelial growth vigor and
colony diameter were observed and
measured every other day in order to
calculate the growth rate of B. edulis
mycelium. Each treatment was repeat-
ed three times. Experimental results
were analyzed with LSDmethod[7].
Orthogonal experiment L9 (34) or-
thogonal experiment was designed
with glucose, peptone, KH2PO4/Mg-
SO4·7H2O and VB1 used as various
factors (Table 1). B. edulis mycelium
was incubated at 28 ℃ in order to
screen the appropriate culture condi-
tions. Based on the optimal medium
obtained by orthogonal experiment,
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the nutritional characteristics of Boletus
edulis mycelium. The results showed that the optimal carbon source was glucose;
the optimal nitrogen source was peptone; the optimal inorganic salt was KH2PO4;
the optimal vitamin was VB1. The optimal medium, in which B. edulis mycelium in-
cubated at 28 ℃ and pH 5.5 exhibited the strongest growth vigor and the rapidest
growth rate, contained 3.0％ glucose, 0.20% peptone, 0.60% KH2PO4, 0.20% Mg-
SO4·7H2O and 0.000 50％ VB1.
Key words Boletus edulis; Mycelium; Growth rate; Growth vigor
DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2014.01.030
Agricultural Science & Technology 2014
Table 1 L9(34) orthogonal experimental design
Level
Factor
A(glucose)∥% B(peptone)∥% C(KH2PO4/MgSO4·7H2O) D(VB1)∥%
1 1.0 0.10 0.40%/0.20% 0.000 50
2 2.0 0.20 0.60%/0.20% 0.001 0
3 3.0 0.30 0.80%/0.20% 0.001 5
Table 2 Effects of different carbon sources on the growth of B. edulis mycelium
Carbon source Growth vigor of mycelium Growth rate of mycelium∥mm/d
Glucose ＋＋＋ 7.19 aA
Maltose ＋＋＋ 6.81 bB
Mannitol ＋＋ 6.48 cC
Soluble starch ＋＋ 6.30 dD
Sucrose ＋ 6.28 dD
Lactose ＋ 6.07 eE
+++ indicates the strongest growth vigor, ++ indicates strong growth vigor, and +
indicates normal growth vigor. Different capital letters indicate extremely significant
differences (P＜0.01); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P＜0.05).
Table 3 Effects of different nitrogen sources on the growth of B. edulis mycelium
Nitrogen source Growth vigor of mycelium Growth rate of mycelium∥mm/d
Peptone ＋＋＋ 7.21 aA
Beef extract ＋＋ 6.96 bB
Yeast extract ＋＋ 6.71 cC
Glycine ＋＋ 6.43 cC
Urea ＋ 5.15 dD
Ammonium nitrate ＋ 5.09 dD
+++ indicates the strongest growth vigor, ++ indicates strong growth vigor, and +
indicates normal growth vigor. Different capital letters indicate extremely significant
differences (P＜0.01); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P＜0.05).
Table 4 Effects of different inorganic salts on the growth of B. edulis mycelium
Inorganic salt Growth vigor of mycelium Growth rate of mycelium∥mm/d
KH2PO4 ＋＋＋ 6.17 aA
MgSO4·7H2O ＋＋ 5.74 bB
MnSO4·H2O ＋＋ 5.33 cC
ZnSO4·7H2O ＋ 5.07 dD
CaSO4·0.5H2O ＋ 4.82 eD
NaCl ＋ 4.71 eD
+++ indicates the strongest growth vigor, ++ indicates strong growth vigor, and +
indicates normal growth vigor. Different capital letters indicate extremely significant
differences (P＜0.01); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P＜0.05).
culture pH and temperature were opti-
mized, respectively.
Results and Analysis
Single-factor experimental results
of the growth of B. edulismycelium
Effects of different carbon sources
on the growth of B. edulis myceli -
um Sucrose, maltose, lactose, man-
nitol and soluble starch (with a con-
centration of 2.0% in the medium)
were used instead of glucose as car-
bon source in the medium. As could be
seen from Table 2, B. edulis mycelium
in medium containing glucose as a
carbon source exhibited the strongest
growth vigor and the rapidest growth
rate, and the mycelial growth rate pre-
sented extremely significant differ-
ences with that in other carbon source
medium; B. edulis mycelium in the
medium containing lactose as a car-
bon source exhibited the poorest
growth vigor and the slowest growth
rate. Therefore, glucose was the opti-
mal carbon source for the growth of B.
edulismycelium.
Effects of different nitrogen
sources on the growth of B. edulis
mycelium Beef extract, peptone,
ammonium nitrate, urea and glycine
(with a concentration of 0.20% in the
medium) were used instead of yeast
extract as base nitrogen source in the
medium. As could be seen from Table
3, B. edulis mycelium in the medium
containing peptone as a nitrogen
source exhibited the strongest growth
vigor and the rapidest growth rate, and
the mycelial growth rate presented
extremely significant differences with
that in other nitrogen source medium;
B. edulis mycelium in the medium
containing ammonium nitrate as a ni-
trogen source exhibited the poorest
growth vigor and the slowest growth
rate. Therefore, peptone was the opti-
mal nitrogen source for the growth of
B. edulismycelium.
Effects of different inorganic salts
on the growth of B. edulis myceli -
um KH2PO4, CaSO4·0.5H2O, NaCl,
MgSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·H2O and Zn-
SO4·7H2O (with a concentration of
0.60% in the medium) were added into
the medium, respectively. As could be
seen from Table 4, B. edulis mycelium
in the medium supplemented with
KH2PO4 exhibited the strongest growth
vigor and the rapidest growth rate, and
the mycelial growth rate presented ex-
tremely significant differences with that
in the medium supplemented with oth-
er inorganic salts; B. edulis mycelium
in the medium supplemented with Mg-
SO4·7H2O exhibited relatively strong
growth vigor and rapid growth rate,
and the mycelial growth rate also
presented extremely significant dif-
ferences with that in the medium sup-
plemented with other inorganic salts;
B. edulis mycelium in the medium
supplemented with NaCl exhibited the
poorest growth vigor and the slowest
growth rate. Therefore, KH2PO4 was
the optimal inorganic salt for the
growth of B. edulis mycelium. How-
ever, Mg, S, K, and P are essential
macro-elements for the growth of mi-
croorganisms. KH2PO4/MgSO4·7H2O
was adopted as a factor for subse-
quent orthogonal experiment to ex-
plore the optimal medium formulation
for the growth of B. edulismycelium.
Effects of different vitamins on the
growth of B. edulis mycelium Folic
acid, VB1, VB2, VB6 and VC (with a con-
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Agricultural Science & Technology2014
Table 5 Effects of different vitamins on the growth of B. edulis mycelium
Vitamin Growth vigor of mycelium Growth rate of mycelium∥mm/d
VB1 ＋＋＋ 6.35 aA
VB2 ＋＋ 6.02 bB
VC ＋＋ 5.73 cB
Folic acid ＋＋ 5.58 cB
VB6 ＋ 5.47 dC
+++ indicates the strongest growth vigor, ++ indicates strong growth vigor, and +
indicates normal growth vigor. Different capital letters indicate extremely significant
differences (P＜0.01); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P＜0.05).
Table 6 L9(34) orthogonal experimental results of the growth of B. edulis mycelium
No.
Factor
Growth rate of
mycelium //mm/dA B C D
1 1 1 1 1 5.86
2 1 2 2 2 6.46
3 1 3 3 3 6.19
4 2 1 2 3 6.47
5 2 2 3 1 6.76
6 2 3 1 2 6.88
7 3 1 3 2 6.44
8 3 2 1 3 7.17
9 3 3 2 1 7.71
k1 6.17 6.26 6.64 6.78
k2 6.70 6.80 6.88 6.59
k3 7.11 6.50 6.46 6.61
R 0.94 0.54 0.42 0.19
Table 7 Effects of different pH on the growth of B. edulis mycelium
pH Growth vigor of mycelium Growth rate of mycelium∥mm/d
5.0 ＋＋＋ 5.93 aA
4.5 ＋＋＋ 5.66 abAB
5.5 ＋＋＋ 5.64 abAB
6.0 ＋＋ 5.59 bAB
4.0 ＋＋ 5.54bB
6.5 ＋ 5.19 cC
+++ indicates the strongest growth vigor, ++ indicates strong growth vigor, and +
indicates normal growth vigor. Different capital letters indicate extremely significant
differences (P＜0.01); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P＜0.05).
Table 8 Effects of different temperatures on the growth of B. edulis mycelium
Temperature∥℃ Growth vigor of mycelium Growth rate of mycelium∥mm/d
28 ＋＋＋ 7.12 aA
26 ＋＋ 6.81 bB
30 ＋＋ 6.39 cB
24 ＋ 6.24 cC
22 ＋ 5.53 dD
+++ indicates the strongest growth vigor, ++ indicates strong growth vigor, and +
indicates normal growth vigor. Different capital letters indicate extremely significant
differences (P＜0.01); different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P＜0.05).
centration of 0.001 0% in the medium)
were added into the medium, respec-
tively. As could be seen from Table 5,
B. edulis mycelium in the medium
supplemented with VB1 exhibited the
strongest growth vigor and the rapi-
dest growth rate, and the mycelial
growth rate presented extremely sig-
nificant differences with that in the
medium supplemented with other vi-
tamins; B. edulis mycelium in the
medium supplemented with VB6 exhib-
ited the poorest growth vigor and the
slowest growth rate. Therefore, VB1
was the optimal vitamin for the growth
of B. edulismycelium.
Orthogonal experimental results of
the growth of B. edulismycelium
Orthogonal experimental results
of the growth of B. edulis mycelium
were shown in Table 6, which indicat-
ed that glucose was a key factor for
the growth of B. edulis mycelium, fol-
lowed by peptone and KH2PO4/Mg-
SO4·7H2O, and VB1 had the lowest ef-
fect on the growth of B. edulis myceli-
um. Therefore, the optimal combina-
tion was A3B2C2D1 and the optimal
medium for the growth of B. edulis
mycelium contained 3.0％ glucose,
0.20% peptone, 0.60% KH2PO4,
0.20% MgSO4·7H2O and 0.000 50％
VB1.
Effects of different pH values on the
growth of B. edulismycelium
The effects of pH on the growth of
B. edulis mycelium was shown in
Table 7, which indicated that B. edulis
mycelium in the medium at pH 5.0 ex-
hibited the strongest growth vigor and
the rapidest growth rate; B. edulis
mycelium in the medium at pH 4.0 ex-
hibited the poorest growth vigor and
the slowest growth rate. Therefore, the
optimal pH for the growth of B. edulis
mycelium was 5.0.
Effects of different temperatures on
the growth of B. edulismycelium
The growth of B. edulis mycelium
incubated at 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 ℃
was shown in Table 5, which indicated
that B. edulis mycelium incubated at
28 ℃ exhibited the strongest growth
vigor and the rapidest growth rate;
B. edulis mycelium incubated at 24 ℃
exhibited the poorest growth vigor and
the slowest growth rate. Therefore, the
optimal temperature for the growth of
B. edulismycelium was 28℃.
Conclusions
For the growth of B. edulis myceli-
um, the optimal carbon source was
glucose; the optimal nitrogen source
was peptone; the optimal inorganic
salt is KH2PO4; the optimal vitamin was
VB1. The optimal medium contained
157
Agricultural Science & Technology 2014
Responsible editor: Na LI Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WU
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3.0％ glucose, 0.20% peptone, 0.60%
KH2PO4, 0.20% MgSO4 ·7H2O and
0.000 50％ VB1. In the optimal medi-
um, B. edulis mycelium incubated at
28 ℃ and pH 5.5 exhibited the
strongest growth vigor and the rapi-
dest growth rate.
The compositions of B. edulis
mycelium, including proteins, polysac-
charides, amino acids and vitamins,
some of which were even higher than
that of the fruiting bodies, were all
similar to that of the fruiting bodies [8].
The present study indicated that the
optimized medium and incubation
conditions were appropriate for the
production of B. edulis mycelium that
can be used not only as a raw material
to produce foods, medicines and
health products, but also for extracting
the required proteins, polysaccharides
and other metabolites of B. edulis.
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