全 文 ：ResearchonFatyAcidandAminoAcidComponents
ofAgriophylumsquarrosumSeedsfromXinjiang
KorbanjhonBRAD＊
ColegeofChemistryandBiologicalScience, YiliNormalUniversity, Yining835000
Abstract　[Objective] TheaimwastoinvestigatethefatyacidandaminoacidcomponentsofAgriophylumsquarosumseedsfromXinjiang.
[ Method] TheoilsamplewasextractedfromkernelsofA.squarrosumseedscolectedfromXinjiangformeasuringthecomponentsandcontents
offatyacidswithGC-MS;semi-microKjeldahlmethodandfractionalextractionwereconductedtogettheproteinsfromthekernelsanddeter-
mineaminoacidsoftheproteins.[Result] ThefatcontentofA.squarrosumseedswasashighasupto13.7%, amongwhichunsaturatedfaty
acidandlinoleicacidwerethemajorcomponents, accountingformorethan80% ofthetotalfatyacids, whilesaturatedfatyacidcontentwas
lower.Thecontentofcrudeproteinswas24.37%inA.squarrosumseeds, inwhichglobulinandalbuminwerethemaincomponents, account-
ingformorethan80% ofthetotalproteins, whileglutenin, gliadinandresidueproteinswereless.ProteingotfromA.squarrosumseedsbe-
longedtocompleteprotein, contained18kindsofaminoacids.Thecontentofglutamicacidwasthehighest(18.3%), folowedbyarginine(9.46%), aspartate(9.27%), leucine(6.67%), phenylalanine(5.04%), serine, methionine, lysine, valine, cystine, histidineandtrypto-
phane.Inaddition, A.squarosumseedwasrichinessentialaminoacid.[Conclusion] Thepaperwilprovidereferenceforcomprehensivede-
velopmentofA.squarosumresourcesfromXinjiang.
Keywords　Agriophylumsquarosumseeds;Fat;Fatyacid;Protein;Aminoacid
Received:April25, 2011　　Accepted:June14, 2011
＊Correspondingauthor.E-mail:korbanjhonbrad@126.com
　　Agriophylumsquarosum(L.)Moq.isanannualherbof
Agriophylum infamilyChenopodiaceae[ 1-2] , 20-100 cm
high, witherectstem.Itsseedisnearlyround, flatand
smooth, lookslikeapoppyseedinsize, hasabundantendo-
sperm, isalwaysharvestedasfoodbyfarmersandherds-
men, alsoknownasShami.A.squarrosumseedhasstrong
capacityoffastgermination, andgerminatesonmovingdunes
assoonastherainfals.A.squarrosumrootsystemissode-
velopedthatitmaybeas10 timeslongasplantheight.So
A.squarrosumgeneralygrowsinmovingorsemi-fixeddunes
inaridandsemiaridregions, suchasthesandareainNorth-
westChinaandInnerMongolia, desertareainTibet;itis
mostwidelydistributedinTaklimakanDesert[ 3] , TarimBasin,
TenggerDesertandotherregions.A.squarrosum seedas
oneofthewild, traditionalandspeciallocalproductsinChina
hasalonghistoryofbeingusedasfoodandmedicine.Ithas
proved thatCaozirecordedin Dunhuanghistoryisthe
A.squarrosumseed, thefavoritefoodofpeopleincurrent
westernregion[ 4] .Itiswriteninpage1038 involume16 of
CompendiumofMateriaMedicabyLIShi-zhenthat, Shami
hassweetflavorandwarmnature, cancleanawaytheheat-
evil, cureindigestion, nauseaandbelchchoking, andcanbe
eatenasfood.TraditionalChinesemedicinebelievesthat
wildA.squarrosumseedisnotonlythenaturaldietfood, but
alsoidealfoodforpatientswithcardiovasculardisease, renal
dysfunctionordiabetes.A.squarrosum seedcanreduce
bloodlipids, promotedigestion, improvemicrocirculationand
enhancetheimmunity.Modernresearchesshowthat[ 5-6] ,
A.squarrosumseedcontainsproteins(15-25%), fat(10-
15%), carbohydrates(30-50%), celulose(7 -10%), caf-
feotannicacid, SOD, isoflavones, saponins, alkaloidsand
otherphysiologicalactivematerialbeneficialtohumanbody,
aswelascalcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, seleniumandoth-
ertraceelements.Soitisanaturalandhighlynutritiousfood.
TheA.squarrosum resourceisveryabundantinXin-
jiang, widelydistributedinsouthernTianshanMountains, Tar-
imBasinandTaklimakanDesertandthesurroundingsandy
areas.Inaddition, inthevastdesertmargins, A.squarrosum
asafinesandplantisbeingvigorouslypromoted, cultivatedin
widearea.InordertobeterdevelopandutilizeA.squarro-
sumresourcesinXinjiang, theaminoacidcompositionsand
fatyacidcontentsofA.squarrosumseedfromXinjiangwere
measuredinthestudy, soastoprovidereferenceforitscom-
prehensivedevelopment.
MaterialsandMethods
Materials
Plantmaterials　A.squarrosumseedswerecolectedfrom
BachuCountyinXinjiang.
Mainregentsandinstruments　Hexane, potassiumhydrox-
ide, sodiumthiosulfate, borontrifluoride, etc.wereanalytical-
gradereagents.AbberefractometerandPE AutoSystem
XL-TurbeMassGC/MSspectrometerwerepurchasedfrom
U.S.PEcompany;capilarychromatographiccolumntype
SE-54 (30.00 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)wastheproductof
U.S.SULPECOcompany;835-50 aminoacidsanalyzerwas
purchasedfromHitachi, Japan.
Methods
Fatextractionfrom A.squarrosum seeds　Theclean
A.squarrosumseedsweredriedinovenat105℃ for2hand
thenshateredintopower, priortoextractionwithaSoxhlet
extractorfor8 hbyusinghexaneassolvent.Theresidualsol-
ventwasevaporatedat75 ℃ inavacuumoventogetoil.
Fatmethylation　100 mgofoilwasaccuratelyweighed,
placedinatesttubewithstopper, addedwith1 mlof0.5
mol/Lpotassiumhydroxide-methanol, mixedandincubatedin
waterbathat60 ℃ for30 min, addedwith1 mlborontrifluo-
ride-methanolsolution(1∶2 V/V), incubatedin60 ℃ water
for30 minbymixing.1 mlofpetroleumetherwasaddedand
welmixedbefore5 mlsaturatedNaClsolutionwasadded.
Theupperlayerofsupernatant(petroleumetherlayer)was
AgriculturalScience＆Technology, 2011, 12(6):789-791
Copyright 2011, InformationInstituteofHAAS.Alrightsreserved. AgriculturalBasicScienceandTechnology
injectedintocapilarychromatographyandanalyzed.
Chromatographicconditions
GCconditions　Chromatographicanalysiswasstartedatthe
temperatureof80℃, whichwasthenincreasedatarateof4
℃/minto240 ℃ for10 minofincubation.Theinjectortem-
peraturewas250℃;carriergaswasheliumatflowrateof1
ml/min;sampleinjectionvolumewas1 μl;splitratiowas1∶30.
MSconditions　Theconditionswereasfolows:EIion
source, electronenergy70eV;ionsourcetemperatureof180
℃;transmissionlinetemperatureof230 ℃;photomultiplier
voltageof260V;sweeprange300-450m/z.
Determinationofphysicalandchemicalconstants　Re-
fractiveindexwasdeterminedbyreferringtoGB5528-1985;
relativedensitywasdeterminedaccordingtoGB5526-1985;sa-
ponificationvaluewasdeterminedbyreferringtoGB/T5534-
1995;iodinevaluewasdeterminedbyreferringtoGB/T5532-
1995;acidwasdeterminedbyreferringtoGB/T5530-1998;
crudefatcontentwasdeterminedbyreferringtoGB/T2906-
1982;determinationofcrudeproteincontent(semi-micro
Kjeldahlmethod)wascariedoutbyreferringtoGB/T2905-
1982.
Preparationofsamplefordeterminingaminoacids　The
samplewaspreparedwiththemethodofGB7649-87 basedon
the previous reference[ 7] and the actualstatus ofthe
A.squarrosumseeds.
Extractionanddeterminationofproteincompositionsof
A.squarrosum seeds　 Thedefattedseedpowderwas
mixedwithdistiledwaterataratioof1∶10, adjustedwith
NaOHtopH7.0-9.0, andthenwelstirredtoextractalkali-
solubleproteinsfromA.squarrosumseeds.Aftercentrifuga-
tion, thepHvalueofsupernatantwasadjustedwithdiluteHCl
to4.5 -4.8 toprecipitateouttheproteins.Thecrudeproteins
wereobtainedbycentrifugationeventualy.Afterthat, theal-
bumin, globulin, alcoholsolubleprotein, glutelinandprotein
residualswereextractedrespectivelybyadjustingpHvalues
gradualybasedonthediferentsolubilityoftheproteins.Fi-
naly, 0.1mlofeachtheproteincompositionswassampledto
measuretheircontentsbyusingCoomassiebriliantblue
G-250 method.
ResultsandAnalysis
PhysicalandchemicalpropertiesofA.squarrosumseedoil
AsshowninTable1, thephysicalandchemicalproper-
tiesofA.squarrosumseedoilwerehighlysimilartothoseof
otheroilstosomeextent, andalindicatorsofA.squarrosum
seedoilweresimilartocontroloils.Itsiodinevaluewas142.9,
indicatingthatA.squarrosumseedoilcontainedlargeamount
ofunsaturatedfatyacids, thuswasanedibleoilresourcewith
developmentpotential.
Table1　PhysicalandchemicalpropertiesofA.squarosumseedoilandcontroloils
Oils Indexofrefraction(20℃)
Relativedensity
(d204 )
Saponificationnumber
(KOH)∥mg/g
Iodinevalue
(I)∥g/100g
Acidvalue
(KOH)∥mg/g
A.squarrosumseedoil 1.485 8 0.923 7 188.6 142.9 2.93
Safloweroil 1.476 0-1.480 0 0.922 0-0.930 0 186.0-198.0 135.0-150.0 0.50-3.00＊
Soybeanoil 1.466 0-1.470 0 0.9180-0.925 0 188.0-195.0 124.0-139.0 0.20-4.00＊
Rapeseedoil 1.465 0-1.467 0 0.909 0-0.920 0 168.0-193.0 97.0-110.0 0.20-4.00＊
Sunflowerseedoil 1.461 0-1.468 0 0.918 0-0.923 0 188.0-194.0 118.0-141.0 0.20-4.00＊
＊ SafloweroildatawasfromNY/T430-200;＊ soybeanoildatawasfromGB1535-2003;＊ canolaoildatawasfromGB1536-2004;
＊ sunfloweroildatawasfromGB10464-2003.
Analysis on oilcontentand fattyacid composition
A.squarrosumseed
TheresultsshowedthatfatcontentofA.squarrosum
seedsinXinjiangwas13.7%.17 absorptionpeakswereob-
tainedwhenthefatwasanalyzedwithgaschromatography-
massspectrometry, andthecompositioncontentswerecalcu-
latedwithareanormalizationmethod.Asaresult, atotalof
14 compoundswereidentified, ofwhichthemainsubstances
(12species)andtheircontentswerelistedinTable2.
Table2　ThemaincomponentsofA.squarosumseedoilandtheir
contents
PeakNo. Compounds Retentiontime∥s Contents∥%
1 Tetradecanoicacid 22.01 0.17
2 Palmiticacid 27.12 2.98
3 Palmitoleicacid 28.91 0.57
4 Stearicacid 31.22 2.41
5 Oleicacid 31.91 16.69
6 Linoleicacid 33.57 67.42
7 Linolenicacid 35.32 4.21
8 Arachidicacid 37.58 0.31
9 Eicosenoicacid 38.29 0.23
10 Behenicacid 41.79 0.14
11 Docosa-monoenoic 42.26 0.09
acid
12 Tetracosanoicacid 43.64 0.17
　　Unsaturatedfatyacidwasthemaincomponentsof
A.squarrosumseedoil, accountingforabout85% oftotal
fatyacidsinaverage, inwhichcontentoflinoleicacidwasthe
highest(67.42%), folowedbyoleicacidcontent(16.69%),
flaxacidcontent(4.21%).Amongthem, linolenicacidand
linoleicacidarethebodysessentialfatyacids, whichnoton-
lyarethenutrients, butalsohavethefunctionofinhibiting
plateletagglomerationinthevesselwalandanti-atheroscle-
rotic.A.squarrosumseedoilhasahighnutritionalvalueand
canbedevelopedtomeetpeopleshealthneeds.
Protein contents and amino acids compositions of
A.squarrosumseed
Theresultrevealedthatproteinaccountedfor24.37% in
A.squarosum seeds, belongedtocompleteprotein, which
contained18kindsofaminoacids.Thecontentofglutamicacid
wasthehighest(18.3%), folowedbyarginine(9.46%), as-
partate(9.27%), leucine(6.67%), phenylalanine(5.04%),
serine, methionine, lysine, valine, cystine, histidineandtryp-
tophane.Inaddition, aminoacidswereveryabundantinthe
proteinsfromA.squarrosumseeds, inwhich, thecontentof
18 aminoacidsaccountedformorethan80%, andtheeight
essentialaminoacidsweremorebalancedandtheircontent
reached32.94%.Therefore, theA.squarosumseedcanbe
usedasanidealsourceforanimalfeeds.
790 AgriculturalScience＆TechnologyVol.12, No.6, 2011
Table3　AminoacidscompositionsofA.squarosumseed %
Aminoacids Contents Aminoacids Contents
Threonine 2.93 Tryptophan 0.92
Valine 4.24 Serine 5.01
Cystine 1.62 Glutamicacid 18.3
Methionine 4.74 Proline 3.17
Phenylalanine 5.04 Glycine 1.93
Tyrosine 3.19 Alanine 4.23
Isoleucine 3.82 Histidine 1.43
Leucine 6.67 Arginine 9.46
Lysine 4.58 Aspartate 9.27
ContentsofthemajorproteinsinA.squarrosumseed
ThecontentsofmajorproteinsinA.squarrosumseed
wereglobulin(45.1%)albumin(36.60%)glutelin(8.40%)
alcohol-solubleproteins(6.20%)residueproteins(3.70%),
inwhichglobulincontentwasthehighest.Globulinisastor-
ageproteininplantseeds, itsnutrientisessentialtoplant
seeds.So, theglobulininA.squarrosumseedwhichcould
bespecialydevelopedandusedinthefuture.
Conclusions
ThefatcontentinA.squarrosumseedfromXinjiangwas
13.7%, ofwhichthemaincomponentswereunsaturatedfaty
acids, accountingforabout85%oftotalfatyacidsonaverage.
Amontgthem, linoleicacidcontentwasthehighest(67.42%),
folowedbyoleicacid(16.69%)andlinolenicacid(4.21%).
Asunsaturatedfatyacidswerethemaincompositions,
A.squarrosumseedoilhasaverybroadprospectforfuture
applications.Inaddition, proteinsaccountedfor24.37% in
A.squarrosumseeds, belongedtocompleteprotein, which
contained18 kindsofaminoacids.Thecontentofglutamic
acidwasthe highest(18.3%), folowed by arginine
(9.46%), aspartate(9.27%), leucine(6.67%), phenylal-
anine(5.04%), serine, methionine, lysine, valine, cystine,
histidineandtryptophane.Inaddition, aminoacidswerevery
abundantintheproteinsfrom A.squarrosum seeds, in
which, thecontentof18aminoacidsaccountedformorethan
80%, andtheeightessentialaminoacidsweremorebalanced
andtheircontentreached32.94%.Therefore, theA.squar-
rosumseedcanbeusedasanidealsourceforanimalfeeds.
Moreover, thecontentsofmajorproteinsinA.squarrosum
seedwereglobulin>albumin>glutelin>alcohol-solublepro-
teins>residueproteins, inwhichglobulincontent(45.1%)
wasthehighest.
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Responsibleeditor:YINQing-qing Responsibleproofreader:WUXiao-yan
新疆沙蓬籽中脂肪和蛋白质的组分研究(摘要)
库尔班江 ·巴拉提＊　(伊犁师范学院化学与生物科学学院 ,新疆伊宁 835000)
[目的 ]探讨新疆沙蓬籽中脂肪和蛋白质的组分。
[方法 ]以新疆产地的沙蓬籽为试材 ,提取其种仁油脂 ,并采用气相色谱 -质谱法测定脂肪酸的含量及组分;采用微量定氮法和分级提取法测
定粗蛋白和分离蛋白 ,并对蛋白质中的氨基酸组成进行了分析。
[结果 ]沙蓬籽中油脂含量高(13.70%),其中以不饱和脂肪酸油酸 、亚油酸为主要成分 ,占脂肪酸总量的 80%以上;饱和脂肪酸含量较低。沙
蓬籽中粗蛋白质含量平均为 24.37%,其中以球蛋白和清蛋白为主 ,占蛋白质总量的 80%以上 ,而谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白 、残渣蛋白含量较低。其
蛋白质均含 18种氨基酸 , 属完全蛋白质 , 其中谷氨酸含量最高(18.30%),精氨酸含量占 9.46%,此外还有天冬氨酸(9.27%)、亮氨酸
(6.67%)和苯丙氨酸(5.04%);其次为丝氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和缬氨酸;胱氨酸、组氨酸和色氨酸含量最少。沙蓬籽中必需氨基酸含量
丰富。
[结论 ]为新疆沙蓬资源的综合开发提供了参考。
关键词　沙蓬籽;油脂;脂肪酸;蛋白质;氨基酸
作者简介　库尔班江·巴拉提(1962-),男 ,维吾尔族 ,新疆伊宁人,副教授 ,从事中药与天然产物研究。＊通讯作者。
收稿日期　 2011-04-25　　修回日期　 2011-06-14
791KorbanjhonBRAD.ResearchonFatyAcidandAminoAcidComponentsofAgriophylumsquarrosumSeedsfromXinjiang