全 文 ：Identification of the Pathogen of Black-rot Disease in
Dracaena sanderiana cv． Golden Edge and Its
Control Method
WU Yun-sheng1* ，ZHANG Sen-quan1，GAO Yang2，ZHANG Rong2
1． Shenzhen Agricultural Technology Extension Center，Shenzhen 518040，China;2． College of Horticulture，South China Agricultural University，Guangdong
510642，China
Abstract ［Objective］The research aimed to determine the species of pathogen causing black-rot disease in Dracaena sanderiana cv． Golden edge，and to screen
the effective fungicides to control the disease． ［Method］Disease samples with typical symptoms were collected to isolate the pathogen based on Kochs rule，and
the morphological characteristics of the pathogen was observed under microscope． The inhibition effects of nine different fungicides under two different concentrations
against the pathogen were determined． ［Result］The black-rot disease of Dracaena sanderiana cv． Golden edge was caused by Aspergillus niger N． Tiegh． Thio-
phanate-methyl，Hymexazol，Mancozeb，Viziam，Dimethomorph and Fuklasin had strong inhibition effects on the mycelial growth of A． niger． When the concentra-
tion of the above fungicides was 500 mg /L，the inhibitory rate against A． niger was 100% ． Artificial inoculation test showed that when the solutions of Viziam and
Dimethomorph with the effective concentration of 1 000 mg /L were sprayed on the leaves，the control effect was 100% ． ［Conclusion］50% Viziam and 69% Dim-
ethomorph were recommended to use to control the black-rot disease of Dracaena sanderiana cv． Golden edge．
Key words Dracaena sanderiana cv． Golden edge;Black-rot disease;Aspergillus niger N． Tiegh
Received:December 1，2010 Accepted:January 18，2011
* Corresponding author． E-mail:dittywys@ tom． com
Dracaena sanderiana cv． Golden edge originated in Ghali
Islands，Africa and tropical regions of Asia，now is largely produced
in Guangdong，Fujian and Hainan Province． D． sanderiana has
bright and smooth color，and can be potted or cultured in water．
When it is placed in desk or tea table，it can give people fresh and
natural feeling，thus encouraging people to be self-discipline［1］．
With the gradual increase of production intensification，the
planting area of D． sanderiana is constantly expanded，so the spe-
cies of diseases and the incidence degree are also increased． The
surveys have found that black-rot disease is a new disease occurred
in D． sanderiana in Guangdong Province，which mainly causes
damage on leaves，leading to death of the whole plant under severe
condition． In order to effectively control the occurrence and spread
of the disease and improve economic efficiency，the author isolated
and identified the pathogen of black-rot disease in D． sanderiana，
and screened the corresponding agents for chemical control with
the identified pathogen as the test target，in order to provide theo-
retical basis for the control of black-rot disease in D． sanderiana．
1 Materials and Methods
1． 1 Isolation and cultivation of pathogen The samples of
black-rot disease in D． sanderiana with typical symptoms were
collected from Shenzhen area，and tissue isolation method was
used to isolate and culture the pathogen［2］． And then the isolates
were carried out purified cultivation，and preserved at 4 ℃ refrig-
erator for later use．
1． 2 Determination of pathogenicity The plant materials for
the determination of pathogenicity were D． sanderiana without dis-
eases and pests． The preserved strains were transplanted into PDA
medium，and cultured at 26 ℃ for 6 d，then activated for later
use． The plum blossom needle was used to stab the leaves of
D． sanderiana． Then the lawn with the diameter of 5 mm was atta-
ched to the wound for moisturizing cultivation for 24 h． The blank
medium was set as control，each strain was repeatedly inoculated
for three times．
1． 3 Identification of pathogen According to description，
maps and keys of Fungi Identification Manual written by WEI
Jing-chao (1979)and Fungi of China (Vol． V) :Aspergillus
and Related Sexual Type written by QI Zu-tong (1997) ，the
pathogenic strain was identified． The strain was identified to spe-
cies according to the recorded total traits and morphological
characteristics［3 －4］．
1． 4 Inhibition effects of different fungicides on the growth
of pathogen
1． 4． 1 Test fungicides． The fungicides used in the test were as
follows:70% thiophanate-methyl WP，produced by Nippon Soda
Co．，Ltd．;95% hymexazol，produced by Yantai Xinrun Fine
Chemical Co．，Ltd．;75% chlorothalonil WP， produced by
Huizhou Zhongxun Chemical Co．，Ltd．;70% mancozeb WP，
produced by Jiangsu Limin Chemical Co．，Ltd．;Ziram-thiram
WP (50% Ziram and 30% Thiram) ，produced by Shandong Bai-
wei Pesticide Co．，Ltd．;72% mancozebo metalaxyl WP，pro-
duced by U． S． Dow Agro Sciences;69% dimethomorph WP，
produced by Qingdao Taiyuan Science and Technology Develop-
ment Co．，Ltd．;15% triadimefon WP，produced by Beijing
Kesheng Chemical Co．，Ltd．;50% enilconazole，produced by
Shanxi Nongdabang Science and Technology Co．，Ltd．
1． 4． 2 Inhibition test． According to mycelial growth rate meth-
od，the medium plates with different fungicide concentrations of
Plant Diseases and Pests 2011，2(1) :14 －16
500 and 1 000 mg /L were prepared． The lawn with the diameter of
5 mm was transferred into the medium plate，and cultured at 26
℃． The treatment without addition of fungicide was set as control．
After 6 d cultivation，the colony diameter was measured by cross-
ing method，and the inhibitory rate was calculated． Each treat-
ment contained three repeats．
Inhibitory rate (%) = ［(diameter in control － diameter in
treatment )/diameter in control］ ×100
1． 5 Control effects of different fungicides on black-rot dis-
ease in D． sanderiana The fungicides were prepared into the so-
lution with concentration of 1 000 mg /L． The healthy plants were
artificially inoculated with the pathogen，and cultured under mois-
ture condition for 24 h，then sprayed with different fungicide solu-
tions． After air-dried，the plants were cultured under moisture
condition at room temperature(26 ℃)． Control treatment was on-
ly inoculated with pathogen，and the incidence condition was ob-
served after 5 d． Each treatment contained three repeats． The in-
cidence condition was recorded and calculated according to the
classification standard of black-rot disease in D． sanderiana．
0 level，no lesion;1 level，the length of lesion l≤2 cm;3
level，the total length of lesion 2 cm ＜ l≤4 cm;5 level，the total
length of lesion in branch 4 cm ＜ l≤6 cm;7 level，the total
length of lesion in branch 6 cm ＜ l≤8 cm．
Calculation formula for control effect was as follows:
Disease index =［(number of lesions in different levels ×
the corresponding levels)/(total number of lesions × the highest
level) ］×100
Control effect (%)= ［(disease index in control － disease
index in treatment )/disease index in control］×100
2 Results and Analysis
2． 1 Disease symptoms The pathogen mainly caused damage
on the leaves of D． sanderiana． In the initial incidence stage，the
leaf apex or margin appeared brown spots with faint yellow edge．
The spots expanded to the internal leaf，forming lesions in leaf
apex or margin． Lesions were round，oval or irregular，which were
gray in the center and dark brown in the edge． In the later inci-
dence stage，the lesions were connected together with scorch leaf，
and the whole plant would be dead under severe condition． Black
granular appeared in lesions under moisture condition．
2． 2 Determination of pathogenicity of isolates Three isola-
ted strains were inoculated into the leaves of D． sanderiana，re-
spectively． After inoculation for 5 d，the surface of leaves in the
plant inoculated with No． 1 strain appeared brown lesion． The in-
cidence part after inoculation was taken for tissue isolation again，
and the isolates obtained was the same as the isolates in the first
separation．
2． 3 Cultivation traits and morphological characteristics of
pathogen In the PDA medium，mycelium was white，tiled，vel-
vet-like and detailed． The surface of spore was brown to black-
brown，and the back of colony was white． The conidia head was
cinereous to carbonarius，round to the radial with the diameter of
0． 3 －1． 0 mm． Conidiophores were given upright birth by the my-
celium． Spore stalks were (200 －400)μm ×(7 － 10)μm，which
were rough without diaphragm． Top capsule was spherical with two
layers of small stalk on the surface． Conidia was spherical at ma-
turity stage，which was first smooth，then became rough or had
small thorn with the diameter of 3． 1 － 4． 7 μm． Therefore，the
pathogen was identified to be Aspergillus niger N． Tiegh．
Note:a． The incidence symptoms of black-rot disease in D． sanderiana;b． The colony morphology of pathogen in PDA medium;c． Conidiophores of
pathogen．
Fig． 1 The symptoms black-rot disease in D． sanderiana and the morphology of pathogenic conidia
2． 4 Inhibition effects of different fungicides against the
growth of pathogen As shown in Table 1，the inhibition effects
of nine fungicides against the mycelial growth of black-rot disease
in D． sanderiana increased with the concentration of fungicides in-
creasing． Thiophanate-methyl，hymexazol，mancozeb，enilcon-
azole，ziram-thiram and dimethomorph had strong inhibition effects
against the pathogen． When the concentrations were 500 and 1 000
mg /L，the inhibition rate against mycelium was 100% ． 2． 5
Control effects of different fungicides against black-rot dis-
ease in D． sanderiana As shown in Table 2，dimethomorph and
enilconazole had good control effects against black-rot disease in
D． sanderiana． The relative control effects after artificial inocula-
tion for 5 d all reached 100%;followed by thiophanate-methyl，
the relative control effect was 75% ．
51WU Yun-sheng et al． Identification of the Pathogen of Black-rot Disease in Dracaena sanderiana cv． Golden Edge and Its Control Method
Table 1 Inhibition effects of different fungicides against the mycelial
growth of black-rot disease in D． sanderiana
Test fungicides
500 mg /L
Colony
diameter∥mm
Inhibition
rate∥%
1 000 mg /L
Colony
diameter∥mm
Inhibition
rate∥%
CK 77． 6 a － 77． 6 a －
Chlorothaloml 38． 3 b 50． 6 34． 6 b 55． 4
Mancozebo metalaxyl 35． 6 c 54． 1 30． 7 c 60． 4
Triadimefon 13． 8 d 82． 3 7． 7 d 90． 1
Thiophanate methyl 0 e 100 0 100
Hymexazol 0 e 100 0 100
Mancozeb 0 e 100 0 100
Enilconazole 0 e 100 0 100
Dimethomorph 0 e 100 0 100
Ziram-thiram 0 e 100 0 100
Note:The same letters in the same column stand for no significant difference among
treatments (P ＞0． 05)．
Table 2 The control effects of different fungicides against black-rot dis-
ease in D． sanderiana
Test bactericides Disease index Relative control effect∥%
CK 100 a －
Ziram-thiram 87． 5 b 25． 0
Mancozebo metalaxyl 62． 5 c 62． 5
Thiophanate methyl 37． 5 d 75． 0
Dimethomorph 0 100
Enilconazole 0 100
Note:The same letters in the same column indicate no significant differences
among treatments (P ＞0． 05)．
3 Discussion
D． sanderiana is indoor ornamental plant，and the occur-
rence of black rot disease seriously affects the ornamental value
and growth of D． sanderiana． Through the isolation and cultivation
of incidence issue of D． sanderiana and the determination of path-
ogenicity of isolates，the pathogen caused the black-rot disease in
D． sanderiana has been identified to be Aspergillus niger
N． Tiegh． The paper first reports that Aspergillus niger N． Tiegh
can cause the rot of leaves in D． sanderiana［5］．
70% thiophanate-methyl，95% hymexazol，72% mancozeb，
50% enilconazole，ziram-thiram and 69% dimethomorph all have
strong inbihition effect against the mycelial growth of black-rot dis-
ease in D． sanderiana． However，in control effect test，only the
relative control effects of dimethomorph and enilconazole againt
black-rot disease reached 100% ． Therefore，in order to ensure the
control effect，avoid waste and reduce the pollution on environ-
ment，the appropriate agents should be selected as the control
agents．
D． sanderiana likes the environment with high temperature
and humid，and this environment is conducive to the occurrence
and spread of the disease． Therefore，to control the occurrence of
the disease，the cultivation management of D． sanderiana should
be strengthened． The appropriate light and adequate nutrients
should be given to ensure the normal growth of plant and enhance
the disease resistance． When the diseased leaves are found，they
should be cut off in time and bring out to burn or bury deeply． The
occurrence and development law of black-rot disease in D． sande-
riana and its infection cycle need to be further studied．
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金边富贵竹黑腐病病原鉴定及防治方法研究
吴生1，张森泉1，高 洋2，张 荣2 (1．深圳农业科技推广中心，广东深圳 518040;2．华南农业大学园艺学院，广东广州 510642)
摘要 ［目的］明确金边富贵竹黑腐病病原菌种类，筛选出对该病害有防治作用的杀菌剂。［方法］采集具有典型症状的病害标本，根据柯赫氏
法则分离病原物，在显微镜下观察病原物形态特征;分别测试2种不同浓度下的 9种供试杀菌剂对该病原菌的抑制作用。［结果］引起金边富贵
竹黑腐病的病原为半知菌亚门曲霉属的黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger N． Tiegh)。杀菌剂甲基托布津、恶霉灵、代森锰锌、维鲜、烯酰吗啉、福·福锌等
对该菌菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用，有效浓度为 500 mg /L时，抑菌率为 100%。人工接种试验表明，有效浓度为 1 000 mg /L的维鲜或烯酰吗啉
溶液喷施叶片防治效果为 100%。［结论］防治金边富贵竹黑腐病推荐选用 50%维鲜乳油或 69%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂。
关键词 金边富贵竹;黑腐病;黑曲霉
作者简介 吴生(1980 － )，女，广东汕头人，硕士研究生，从事农业植物外来有害生物研究。
收稿日期 2010-12-01 修回日期 2011-01-18
61 Plant Diseases and Pests 2011