全 文 :
菌物学报
jwxt@im.ac.cn 22 May 2016, 35(5): 534‐538
Http://journals.im.ac.cn Mycosystema ISSN1672‐6472 CN11‐5180/Q
Tel: +86‐10‐64807521 Copyright © 2016 Institute of Microbiology, CAS. All rights reserved.
研究论文 Research paper DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.150066
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31270065,31500019)
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270065, 31500019).
*Corresponding author. E‐mail: lyr506@ahau.edu.cn
Received: 2015‐03‐12, accepted: 2015‐05‐25
卵叶樟上斑痣盘菌目一新种——海南齿裂菌
徐亚飞 1 彭凡 2 孟艳琼 2 林英任 2*
1 安徽农业大学生命科学学院 安徽 合肥 230036
2 安徽农业大学林学与园林学院 安徽 合肥 230036
摘 要:报道生于卵叶樟 Cinnamomum rigidissimum 枯叶上的齿裂菌属 Coccomyces 一新种,即海南齿裂菌 Coccomyces
hainanensis。对该种进行了描述、图解和讨论。模式标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林菌物标本室(AAUF)。
关键词:分类,斑痣盘菌科,形态学特征,樟科
Coccomyces hainanensis sp. nov. (Rhytismatales) on Cinnamomum
rigidissimum from China
XU Ya‐Fei1 PENG Fan2 MENG Yan‐Qiong2 LIN Ying‐Ren2*
1School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
2School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
Abstract: Coccomyces hainanensis sp. nov. on Cinnamomum rigidissimum is described in English and Chinese with an illustration
and discussion. The type specimen is deposited in the Reference Collection of Forest Fungi of Anhui Agricultural University,
China (AAUF).
Key words: taxonomy, Rhytismataceae, morphological characteristics, Lauraceae
齿裂菌属 Coccomyces De Not.隶属于子囊菌门
Ascomycota 锤舌菌纲 Leotiomycetes 斑痣盘菌目
Rhytismatales斑痣盘菌科 Rhytismataceae(Kirk et al.
2008;SpeciesFungorum 2015)。该属是由 de Notaris
(1847)以 Coccomyces tumidus (Fr.) De Not.为模式
种建立的,现已成为斑痣盘菌目中的第二大属。
Sherwood(1980)发表的关于 Coccomyces属分类
研究的专题文章是该属最为系统的现代分类文献,
文中提供了不同国家和地区 50种齿裂菌的检索表
和详细描述。Johnston(1986)较全面研究了新西
兰本土森林中的叶生齿裂菌,他主张将子囊的形
状及宽度、子囊孢子的大小和侧丝的形状作为分
种的主要依据,同时注意到无性型和有性型之间
的联系。
徐亚飞 等 /卵叶樟上斑痣盘菌目一新种——海南齿裂菌
菌物学报
535
该属菌物广泛分布于世界大多数温带和热带
地区,是维管植物叶、枝、茎、树皮或脱皮木头上
的栖居者,其宿主包括大量被子、裸子植物及少数
蕨类植物,特别是杜鹃科 Ericaceae、壳斗科
Fagaceae和樟科 Lauraceae的种类。其中部分种是
植物病原菌,能造成一定程度的经济损失。据
“Dictionary of the Fungi”第 10版记载,本属全球
已知 116种(Kirk et al. 2008),此后还有一些种被
陆续报道。在我国,迄今已有至少 28个种被报道
(林英任等 2012;Jia et al. 2012;Zheng et al.
2012;Wang et al. 2013;Yang et al. 2013)。本文对
生于卵叶樟 Cinnamomum rigidissimum枯叶上的一
种齿裂菌与其近似种进行了表型性状比较,确定其
为一新分类单元。
海南齿裂菌 新种 图 1,2
Coccomyces hainanensis Y.F. Xu, F. Peng, Y.Q. Meng
& Y.R. Lin, sp. nov. Figs. 1, 2
MycoBank MB 811516
Etymology: hainanensis, referring to the province
where the type specimen was collected.
Diagnosis: Differs from Coccomyces tesselatus by
the presence of the conidiomata, subepidermal or
partly intraepidermal, triangular to hexagonal
ascomata, thinner asci (4.5–5µm), and shorter
ascospores (65–75µm) surrounded by a ca. 0.4µm thick
gelatinous sheath.
Zone lines usually frequent, thin, black‐brown
or gray‐black.
Conidiomata developing on both sides of leaves,
mostly epiphyllous, scattered to clustered,
sometimes several coalescent, in subcircular or
irregular bleached spots with obvious edges. In
surface view, conidiomata rounded, subrounded or
slightly irregularly‐shaped, 190–360µm diam.,
concolorous with the substratum surface or
gray‐brown, with a black perimeter line, slightly
raising the leaf surface, discharging spores through
1–3(–7) apical ostioles. In vertical transverse section,
conidiomata subepidermal or occasionally
intrahypodermal, more or less lenticular. Upper wall
extremely poor developed, yellow‐brown but
dark‐brown near the ostiole(s), composed of a small
number of tiny angular cells. Basal wall black‐brown,
12–20µm thick, comprised of 3–4 layers of
thick‐walled angular cells. Subconidiogenous layer
6–8µm thick, consisting of colorless, thin‐walled
angular cells 2–3µm diam. Conidiogenous cells and
conidia not observed in material available.
Ascomata in similar positions to conidiomata
on the substratum, scattered or occasionally
coalescent. In surface view, ascomata triangular to
hexagonal, 610–830µm diam., black‐brown to black,
not shiny or slightly shiny, edge defined, moderately
raising the substrate surface, opening by 3–6 radial
splits to expose light grey‐yellow surface of
hymenium. Lips absent. In median vertical section,
ascomata usually subepidermal, sometimes
intraepidermal near the edge. Covering stroma
14–25µm thick near the opening, composed of
textura angularis‐globulosa with black‐brown
thick‐walled cells 3–5µm diam., hardly becoming
thin towards the edge, connecting to the basal
stroma. Basal stroma 10–22µm thick, comprised of
2–4(–5) layers of dark brown, thick‐walled, angular
cells 3–7µm diam. Internal matrix of stroma
moderately developed, 25–30µm thick, consisting of
hyaline, gelatinised textura intricata. Subhymenium
nearly flat, poorly developed, 7–10µm thick,
composed of colorless, thin‐walled angular cells.
Paraphyses 100–135×1.5–2µm, filiform, colorless,
septate, not branched, gradually or abruptly
enlarged to 3.5–5µm at the apex. Asci ripening
ISSN1672‐6472 CN11‐5180/Q Mycosystema May 22, 2016 Vol. 35 No. 5
http://journals‐myco.im.ac.cn
536
sequentially, 85–110×4.5–5µm, cylindrical, short‐stalked,
thin‐walled, apex rounded, not bluing in iodine,
8‐spored. Ascospores arranged fasciculately,
65–75×0.7–0.9µm, filiform, slightly tapered to the
subacute base, straight or somewhat curved, hyaline,
aseptate, containing oil drops, surrounded by a ca.
0.4µm thick gelatinous sheath.
Habitat: Producing ascomata and conidiomata
on dead or fallen leathery leaves. Ascomata mature
in May to July.
Type: China, Hainan, Jianfengling National Forest
Park, alt. 1 050m, on Cinnamomum rigidissimum H.T.
Chang (Lauraceae), 19 June 2014, F. Peng, Y.Q. Meng,
Y.F. Xu & Y.R. Lin, L2815 (AAUF 68923, Holotype).
图 1 海南齿裂菌(自主模式 AAUF 68923) A:叶片(上面和下面)上的着生状;B:子囊果、分生孢子器和线纹的细
部;C:子囊果中点横切面局部;D:子囊果中点横切面;E,F:分生孢子器中点横切面;G:子囊和子囊孢子. 标尺:A=20mm;
B=1mm;C=25µm;D=150µm;E,F=20µm;G=10µm.
Fig. 1 Coccomyces hainanensis Y.F. Xu, F. Peng, Y.Q. Meng & Y.R. Lin (holotype AAUF 68923). A: Habit on a leaf (upper and lower
sides); B: Detail of ascomata, conidiomata and a zone line; C: Portion of ascoma in median vertical section; D: Ascoma in median
vertical section; E, F: Conidiomata in median vertical section; G: Asci and ascospores. Bars: A=20mm; B=1mm; C=25µm;
D=150µm; E, F=20µm; G=10µm.
徐亚飞 等 /卵叶樟上斑痣盘菌目一新种——海南齿裂菌
菌物学报
537
图 2 海南齿裂菌(自主模式 AAUF 68923) A:子囊果中点横切面局部;B:侧丝、子囊及子囊孢子;C:分生孢子器中
点横切面. 标尺:A=20µm;B=10µm;C=20µm.
Fig. 2 Coccomyces hainanensis Y.F. Xu, F. Peng, Y.Q. Meng & Y.R. Lin (ex holotype AAUF 68923). A: Portion of ascoma in median
vertical section; B: Asci, paraphyses and ascosopres; C: Conidiomata in median vertical section. Bars: A=20µm; B=10µm; C=20µm.
本种不同于近似种 Coccomyces tesselatus
Sherwood在于存在分生孢子器,子囊果表皮下生,
有时边缘附近表皮内生,三角形至六边形,子囊较
细(4.5–5µm),子囊孢子较短(65–75µm)且外被
约 0.4µm厚的胶质鞘。
线纹通常大量,纤细,黑褐色或灰黑色。
分生孢子器叶两面生,多生于叶正面,散生至
群生,有时合生,位于近圆形或不规则形、边缘明
显的脱色斑上。表面观,分生孢子器圆形、近圆形
或略微不规则形,直径 190–360µm,与基物表面
同色或灰褐色,具有黑色周边线,微隆起,通过 1–3
(–7)个顶孔释放孢子。中点横切面观,分生孢子
器表皮下生或偶尔下皮内生,多少呈透镜状。上壁
极弱度发育,黄褐色但靠近孔口处黑褐色,由少量
微小的角状细胞组成。下壁黑褐色,厚 12–20µm,
由 3–4 层厚壁的角状细胞构成。亚产孢层厚
6–8μm,由无色、直径 2–3μm 薄壁的角状细胞组
成。产孢细胞和分生孢子未观察到。
子囊果生于寄主上与分生孢子器相同的位置,
散生或偶尔合生。表面观,子囊果三角形至六边形,
直径 610–830µm,黑褐色至黑色,不发亮或略发
亮,边缘清晰,中度隆起,藉 3–6条呈辐射状排列
裂缝开口,以暴露淡灰黄色的子实层顶部。唇缺。
中点横切面观,子囊果通常表皮下生,有时边缘附
近为表皮内生。子座覆盖层近顶部厚 14–25µm,
朝着基部几乎不变薄且与基部层相连,由黑褐色、
直径 3–5µm、厚壁的角状‐圆形细胞构成。子座基
部层厚 10–22µm,由 2–4(–5)层黑褐色、直径
3–7µm、厚壁的角状细胞组成。子座内部基质中度
发育,25–30µm厚,由无色胶质的交错丝组织构成。
子实下层近平坦,弱度发育,厚 7–10µm,由无色、
薄壁的角状细胞组成。侧丝 100–135×1.5–2µm,线
ISSN1672‐6472 CN11‐5180/Q Mycosystema May 22, 2016 Vol. 35 No. 5
http://journals‐myco.im.ac.cn
538
形,无色,有隔,不分枝,顶端逐渐或突然膨大至
3.5–5µm。子囊不同期成熟,85–110×4.5–5µm,圆
柱形,短柄,顶端圆,壁薄,遇碘液不变蓝色,内
含 8个孢子。子囊孢子排列成束,65–75×0.7–0.9µm,
线形,朝着近尖的基部略微变细,直或略弯曲,无
色,无隔,常内含油滴,外被约 0.4µm厚的胶质鞘。
生境:在枯死或脱落的革质叶片上产生分生孢
子器和子囊果。子囊果于 5月至 7月成熟。
模式标本:中国海南省尖峰岭国家森林公园鸣凤
谷,海拔 1 050m,卵叶樟 Cinnamomum rigidissimum
H.T. Chang(樟科 Lauraceae)上。19 VI 2014,彭凡、
孟艳琼、徐亚飞和林英任,L2815(AAUF 68923,
主模式)。
讨论:如同其他斑痣盘菌目成员一样,笔者从
未观察到 Coccomyces hainanensis分生孢子萌发现
象,由此推测它们可能具性孢子的功能(Jones
1935);试图利用单子囊孢子分离法获得该菌纯培
养物,没有成功,因此未能获得本菌的分子数据。
海南齿裂菌在子囊果的大小、子座内部基质的
结构及发育程度、子囊和侧丝的形状等方面与格斑
齿裂菌 Coccomyces tesselatus Sherwood很相似。然
而格斑齿裂菌的分生孢子器缺,子囊果为四角形至
六边形,表皮内生,子囊稍粗(5.5–6.0µm),且子
囊孢子较长(80–90µm)(Sherwood 1980)。
贝壳杉生齿裂菌 C. agathidicola Spooner与海
南齿裂菌的主要区别在于 C. agathidicola子囊果为
三角形或四边形,子实下层厚达 60µm,子囊圆柱
‐棍棒状且长得多(130–147µm),子囊孢子顶端具
胶质帽(Spooner 1990)。
本新种还与盔帽齿裂菌 C. globososimilis P.R.
Johnst.相似,但盔帽齿裂菌的分生孢子器要小得多
(150–200µm),子囊果形状与之不同且为表皮内
生,唇存在,子实下层较厚(10–15µm),缺子座
内部基质,子囊和子囊孢子较粗(分别为 5.5–6.5µm
和 1.5–2µm),且孢子两端具胶质帽(顶端胶质帽
成盔形)(Johnston 2000)。
[REFERENCES]
Jia GJ, Lin YR, Hou CL, 2011. A new species of Coccomyces
(Rhytismatales, Ascomycota) from Mt Huangshan, China.
Mycotaxon, 118: 231‐235 (Publ. 2012)
Johnston PR, 1986. Rhytismataceae in New Zealand 1. Some
foliicolous species of Coccomyces de Notaris and
Propolis (Fries) Corda. New Zealand Journal of Botany,
24: 89‐124
Johnston PR, 2000. Rhytismatales of Australia: the genus
Coccomyces. Australian Systematic Botany, 13: 199‐243
Jones SG, 1935. The structure of Lophodermium pinastri
(Schrad.) Chev. Annals of Botany, 49: 699‐728
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA, 2008.
Dictionary of the fungi. 10th edition. CAB International,
Wallingford. 1‐771
Lin YR, Liu HY, Hou CL, Wang SJ, Ye M, Huang CL, Xiang Y, Yu
SM, 2012. Flora fungorum sinicorum. Vol. 40.
Rhytismatales. Sinence Press, Beijing. 1‐261 (in Chinese)
Sherwood MA, 1980. Taxonomic studies in the Phacidiales:
the genus Coccomyces (Rhytismataceae). Occasional
Papers of the Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany,
15: 1‐120
SpeciesFungorum, 2015. www.speciesfungorum.org (viewed
online on 6 February 2015)
Spooner BM, 1990. Coccomyces and Propolis (Rhytismatales)
from Mt Kinabalu, Borneo. Kew Bulletin, 45: 451‐484
Wang SJ, Lin YR, Tang YP, Li K, 2012. A new species of
Coccomyces (Rhytismatales, Ascomycota) on Ilex
elmerrilliana. Mycotaxon, 122: 287‐291 (Publ. 2013)
Yang MS, Lin YR, Zhang L, Wang XY, 2012. Coccomyces
hubeiensis, a new fungus of Rhytismatales from China.
Mycotaxon, 122: 249‐253 (Publ. 2013)
Zheng Q, Lin YR, Yu SM, Chen L, 2011. Species of
Rhytismataceae on Lithocarpus spp. from Mt Huangshan,
China. Mycotaxon, 118: 311‐323 (Publ. 2012)
[附中文参考文献]
林英任,刘和云,侯成林,王士娟,叶明,黄成林,项艳,
余盛明,2012. 中国真菌志∙第四十卷∙斑痣盘菌目. 北
京:科学出版社. 1‐261
(本文责编:韩丽)