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期 刊 ：应用生态学报 2009年 20卷 09期 页码：2142-2148

关键词：长期施肥；小麦；产量；磷肥利用率；磷肥农学利用效率；

Keywords:long-term fertilization, wheat, yield, phosphorus use efficiency, agronomy efficiency of phosphorus,

摘 要 ：

对我国北方长期施肥下三类典型农田土壤（塿土、潮土和褐潮土）的小麦产量、小麦磷肥农学利用效率、小麦磷肥利用率进行了研究.结果表明：长期施用磷肥处理（氮磷化肥配合施用、氮磷钾化肥配合施用、氮磷钾化肥和秸秆配合施用、氮磷钾化肥和有机肥配合施用）的小麦产量为2914～6219 kg·hm^-2，较不施磷肥处理（不施肥对照、单施化肥氮、氮钾化肥配合施用）提高了2～4倍，各施磷肥处理之间无显著差异.试验起始年施用氮磷钾化肥处理的塿土、潮土和褐潮土上的小麦磷肥农学利用效率分别为17.0、20.3和13.3 kg·kg^-1，小麦磷肥利用率分别为15.3%、31.2%和23.8%；施肥15年后，小麦磷肥农学利用效率每年分别增加3.9、2.5和2.8 kg·kg^-1，小麦磷肥利用率每年分别增加1.3%、0.9%和1.0%.同一类型土壤不同施磷处理间的磷肥农学利用效率和利用率差异不显著.在我国北方地区，长期施用磷肥可以显著提高小麦产量和磷肥利用效率；氮磷钾化肥和有机肥配施处理下，塿土平均每年增长的小麦磷肥农学利用效率和磷肥利用率较潮土和褐潮土高.

Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted on three typical farmland soils (loess soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil) in Northern China to study the grain yield, phosphorus agronomic efficiency (PAE), and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of wheat under effects of long-term fertilizations. Seven treatments were installed, i.e., non-fertilization (CK), nitrogen fertilization (N), nitrogen-potassium fertilization (NK), nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization (NP), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization (NPK), NPK plus straw returning (NPKS), and NPK plus manure application (NPKM). The averaged wheat grain yields under long-term P fertilizations (treatments NP, NPK, NPKS, and NPKM) ranged from 2914 kg·hm-2 to 6219 kg·hm-2, being 200%〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗400% higher than those under no P fertilizations (treatments CK, N, and NK), and no significant differences were observed between the P fertilizations. In the early years of the experiment, the PAE in treatment NPK on the loess soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil was 170 kg·kg-1, 203 kg·kg-1, and 133 kg·kg-1, and the PUE was 153%, 312%, and 238%, respectively. After 15-year fertilization, the PAE and PUE in treatment NPK increased annually by 39 kg·kg-1 and 13% on loess soil, 25 kg·kg-1 and 09% on fluvo-aquic soil, and 28 kg·kg-1 and 10% on cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil, respectively. There were no significant differences in the PAE and PUE among the P treatments for the same soils. In Northern China, long-term P fertilization could increase the wheat grain yield and PUE significantly, and the mean annual increase of PAE and PUE in treatment NPKM was higher on loess soil than on fluvo-aquic soil and cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil.

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