Abstract:Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Westend is one of the most important epidemic diseases of wheat in the world. To understand the population evolution of this rust fungus will facilitate the control of this disease and the breeding of rust-resistant wheat. In the past decades, DNA molecular markers have been applied to investigate the population genetics of wheat stripe rust fungus, and rapid progress has brought out in the research of P. striiformis molecular ecology. In this paper, the main research progress in the molecular ecology of stripe rust was reviewed, and the limitations and trends of related research in China were discussed.