全 文 ：紫云英利用后减施化肥对水稻
产量、 产值及土壤碳氮含量的
影响
周兴 1，2，李再明 3，谢坚 1，4，廖育林 1，4，杨曾平 1，4，
鲁艳红 1，4，聂军 1，4*，曹卫东 5 （1.湖南省土壤
肥料研究所，湖南长沙 410125； 2.湖南农业大
学资源环境学院，湖南长沙 410128；3.云溪区
农业发展局，湖南岳阳 414008；4.农业部湖南
耕地保育科学观测实验站，湖南长沙 410125；
5. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，
北京 100081）
摘 要 通过大田定位试验，研究连续 5 年紫
云英利用后不同化肥施用量对水稻产量和稻
谷经济效益及土壤碳、氮含量的影响。 设 6 个
处理，处理 CK：不施紫云英和化肥 (对照 )；处
理 CF：不施紫云英，施 100%化肥(N、P2O5、K2O
施用量分别为 150、75、120 kg/hm2)；处理 A1：
紫云英 (22 500 kg/hm2， 下同 )＋100%化肥+
100%磷肥； 处理 A2： 紫云英＋80%氮、 钾肥+
100%磷肥； 处理 A3： 紫云英＋60%氮、 钾肥+
100%磷肥 ；处理 A4：紫云英＋ 40%氮 、钾肥+
100%磷肥。结果表明：施肥可以显著提高水稻
产量， 紫云英利用后化肥的增产效果更为显
著，与 CF 相比，处理 A2的早稻产量提高了 7.7%，
处理 A3的水稻产量基本持平； 紫云英利用后
适当减少化肥用量可以增加水稻产值， 与 CF
相比，处理 A1的水稻产值增加了 5.92%，处理
A2的水稻产值增加效果次之，增加了4.08%；处
理 A4提高水稻土壤有机碳和全氮含量的效果
明显优于处理 CF，A2处理的土壤有机碳、全氮
含量比 CF 显著降低。
关键词 紫云英；化肥施用量；水稻；产量；经
济效益；土壤碳氮含量
基金项目 农 业 公 益 性 行 业 科 研 专 项
（201103005-08）；国家“十二·五 ”科技支撑计
划项目 （2012BAD05B05-3）；国际植物营养研
究所科研项目（Hunan-16）。
作者简介 周兴（1986- ），男，湖南韶山人，博
士研究生， 主要从事植物营养与施肥研究，E-
mail：evenxing@sina.cn。 * 通讯作者 ，E-mail：
junnie@foxmail.com。
收稿日期 2014-11-05
修回日期 2014-12-16
Effect of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer on Rice
Yield，Output Value, Content of Soil Carbon and
Nitrogen after Utilizing the Milk Vetch
Xing ZHOU1,2, Zaiming LI3， Jian XIE1,4, Yulin LIAO1,4, Zengping YANG1,4, Yanhong LU1,4, Jun
NIE1,4*, Weidong CAO5
1. Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
2. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University，Changsha 410128, China;
3. Agricultural Development Bureau of Yunxi Area, Yueyang 414009, China;
4. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Hunan), Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125,
China;
5. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest
(201103005-08); National Science and Technology Support Program during the 12th
Five-year Plan (2012BAD05B05-3); International Plant Nutrition Institute S&T Program
(Hunan-16)
*Corresponding author. E-mail: junnie@foxmail.com
Received: November 5, 2014 Accepted: December 16, 2014A
Agricultural Science & Technology, 2015, 16(2): 266-271
Copyright訫 2015, Information Institute of HAAS. All rights reserved Soil and Fertilizer
H unan is a large green manureproducing province [1 ] . In the1970s, the sowing area with
green manure reached 2 million hm2
in Hunan Province. In the 1980s, the
sowing are with green manure drops
substantially under influence of large-
scale application of chemical fertilizer,
adjustment of agricultural industry
structure, transferring of rural labor,
and shortage of policy support[2-5]. As-
tragalus sincus (Chinese milk vetch) is
the most important green manure in
southern paddy fields in China. What’s
more, the application of Astragalus
sincus would increase soil fertility, re-
Abstract A located field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different
amount of chemical fertilizer usage on rice yield, economic benefits of rice, soil car-
bon(C) and total nitrogen (TN) under ploughing back of Chinese milk vetch for 5
consecutive years. Six treatments were included in the experiment, they are CK
(unfertilized), CF (100% chemical fertilizer with the amount of N, P2O5, K2O being
150, 75, 120 kg/hm2 respectively), A1 (22 500 kg/hm2 Chinese milk vetch and 100%
chemical fertilizer), A2 (Chinese milk vetch and 80% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer
and 100% phosphate fertilizer), A3 (Chinese milk vetch and 60% nitrogen and potas-
sium fertilizer and 100% phosphate fertilizer), A4 (Chinese milk vetch and 40% ni-
trogen and potassium fertilizer and 100% phosphate fertilizer). The results were as
follows: application of fertilizer could increase the yield of rice, while Chinese milk
vetch combined with fertilizer application had a much more increase effect in rice
yield. Under the condition of milk vetch application with 22 500 kg/hm2, the early
rice yield of the treatment A1 was significantly increased by 7.7% compared with
that of CF. And the yield of treatment A3 was basically identical to or slight in-
crease in comparison with that of CF. Decreasing amount of fertilizers cloud im-
prove output value of rice in the case of the utilization of Chinese milk vetch. The
treatment A1 increased output value of rice by 5.92% in comparison of CF, and
treatment A2 was by 4.08% in the next. Treatment A4 showed much better effect in
increasing soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the paddy soil than those of
treatments applying mineral fertilizer only. There was a significant reduction on soil
organic carbon and TN in treatment A2 in comparison with that of CF. In general,
amount of application of milk vetch with 22 500 kg/hm2 could replace chemical fer-
tilizer partially, it also could improve rice yield, decrease the production cost, and
raise the utilization efficiency of nutrients.
Key words Chinese milk vetch; Chemical fertilizer amounts; Rice; Yield; Economic
benefits; Content of soil C and total N
DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2015.02.016
Agricultural Science & Technology2015
Table 1 Fertilization schemes of different treatments
Treatment The quantity of applied fertilizersper unit area∥kg/hm2 N P2O5 K2O
Chinese milk
vetch
CK 0 0 0 0
CF 100% chemical fertilizer 150 75 120 0
A1
Chinese milk vetch +100%
chemical fertilizer 150 75 120 22 500
A2
Chinese milk vetch +80% N and K
fertilizers+100% P fertilizer 120 75 96 22 500
A3
Chinese milk vetch +60% N and K
fertilizers+100% P fertilizer 90 75 72 22 500
A4
Chinese milk vetch +40% N and K
fertilizer+100% P fertilizer 60 75 48 22 500
Table 2 Grain yield of early rice under different fertilization kg/hm2
Treatment Yield
Increased yield
compared with
CK
Increase∥%
Yield increase
compared with
CF
Increase∥%
CK 4 998.2 b
CF 5 423.4 b 425.2 8.5
A1 6 102.3 a 1 104.1 22.1 678.9 12.5
A2 5 841.2 a 843.0 16.9 417.8 7.7
A3 5 416.0 ab 417.8 8.4 -7.4 -0.1
A4 5 042.9 b 44.7 0.9 -380.5 -7.0
duce fertilization of chemical fertilizer,
and improve rice yield and quality,
which is of great significance for sus-
tainable development of agricultural
production[1, 6-8]. In the research, a lo-
cated field experiment was carried out
to study the effects of different
amounts of chemical fertilizer usage
on rice yield, economic benefits of rice,
soil carbon (C) and total nitrogen (TN)
under ploughing back of Chinese milk
vetch for 5 consecutive years, in order
to better explore the role of Chinese
milk vetch in production of double-
cropping rice.
Materials and Methods
Materials
The test materials included early-
season rice, Liangyou No. 25 and late-
season rice, Jinyou No. 163 in 2012.
Introduction of test site
Wanyuanqiao Village, Sanxianhu
Village, Nan County, Hunan Province
is situated in a transitional zone from
mid-subtropical area to northern sub-
tropical area, at 29°13′N and 112°28′
E, with an elevation of 30 m. It has a
monsoon humid climate, involving
annual mean temperature at 16.6 ℃ ,
annual mean precipitation at 1 237.7
mm, and annual sunshine hour of
1 775.7 h. The test soils were purple
soils with pH value of 7.7, containing
organic matter at 48.4 g/kg, total N at
3.28 g/kg, total P at 1.28 g/kg, total K
at 22.2 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzale nitro-
gen at 261 mg/kg, available P at 15.6
mg/kg, and available K at 98 mg/kg.
Test design
Chinese milk vetch was ploughed
back for 5 consecutive years during
2008 -2012. Early-season rice was
sown in the end of March 2012 and
transplanted in middle or late April.
Later-season rice was sown in middle
June and transplanted in middle and
late July. The test included 6 treat-
ments (Table 1).
In the test, N, P and K fertilizers
referred to urea, superphosphate and
potassium chloride. Specifically, base
fertilizers were applied 1 d before
transplanting; additional fertilizers
were applied in the peak of tillering
period; P and K fertilizers were applied
as base fertilizer before transplanting.
After the application of base fertilizer,
the fertilizers should be ploughed back
to soils with depth of 5 cm, with a rake.
Subsequently, Chinese milk vetch was
ploughed back 5 d before transplant-
ing and decomposed a little with shal-
low water. The test region was 20 m2,
and the test set three repetitions as
per randomized block design. At har-
vest in 2012, the rice was dried individ-
ually, followed by measurement of rice
yield in different test regions. Further-
more, soil samples were collected with
depth of 0-15 cm from farmlands in a
shape of S.
Measurement items and methods
The content of carbon was mea-
sured as per concentrated sulfuric
acid-potassium dichromate heating
method and total N was measured as
per concentrated sulfuric acid diges-
tion-kjeldah method[9].
Data processing
The test data were processed
with Excel 2003 and variance analysis
was conducted with SPSS 19.0.
Results and Analysis
Yield of rice in different treatments
Yield of early-season rice As
shown in Table 2, the differences ear-
ly-season rice yield showed none sta-
tistical significance between CF and
CK. The reduction of yield in CF is
possibly caused by consecutive rainy
days in spring in 2012 with low tem-
perature, which indicated that simple
application of chemical fertilizer would
not guarantee yield of early-season
rice under disastrous climate. Com-
pared with CK, the increases of yields
in treatments A1 and A2 were larger,
increasing by 22.1% and 16.9% , re-
spectively (P<0.05), which incorporat-
ed that based on use of Chinese milk
vetch, the applications of 100% chemi-
cal fertilizer, and 80% N and K fertiliz-
ers would maintain stable yield or even
increase yield of early-season rice.
As shown in Table 2, compared
with CF, the yield of early-season rice
in treatments A1 and A2 increased by
12.5% and 7.7% , respectively; the
yield of A3 maintained similar to that of
CF; yield of A4 decreased to some ex-
tent. These indicated that with fixed or
increased yield of paddy rice, only
60%-80% N and K fertilizers can be
applied for ploughing back of Chinese
milk vetch at 22 500 kg/hm2, suggest-
ing that the application of Chinese milk
vetch would dramatically reduce the
production cost of rice and increase
rice production effect.
Yield of later-season rice As
shown in Table 3, average yield of
later-season rice in CK was 6 266.7
kg/hm2, which indicated that basic
yield of later-season rice was higher
in the paddy fields with purple soils,
267
Agricultural Science & Technology 2015
Table 3 Grain yield of late rice under different fertilization treatments in 2012 kg/hm2
Treatment Yield
Increased yield
compared with
CK
Increase∥%
Yield increase
compared with
CF
Increase∥%
CK 6 266.7 b
CF 7 166.7 a 900.0 14.4
A1 7 400.0 a 1 133.3 18.1 233.3 3.3
A2 7 241.7 a 975.0 15.6 75.0 1.0
A3 6 891.7 ab 625.0 10.0 -275.0 -3.8
A4 6 725.0 ab 458.3 7.3 -441.7 -6.2
Table 4 Total grain yield of double-rice under different fertilization treatments in 2012
kg/hm2
Treatment Yield
Increased yield
compared with
CK
Increase∥%
Yield increase
compared with
CF
Increase∥%
CK 11 264.9 c
CF 12 590.1 ab 1 325.2 11.8
A1 13 502.3 a 2 237.4 19.9 912.2 7.2
A2 13 082.8 a 1 818.0 16.1 492.8 3.9
A3 12 307.6 abc 1 042.8 9.3 -282.4 -2.2
A4 11 767.9 bc 503.0 4.5 -822.2 -6.5
Table 5 Economic benefits of rice under different treatments yuan/hm2
Treatment
Yield per unit area Cost per unit area Increased incomes Income-increasing rate∥%
Early-season
rice
Late-season
rice Total
Early-season
rice
Late-season
rice
Compared
with CK
Compared
with CF
Compared
with CK
Compared
with CF
CK 12 695.43 16 293.42 28 988.85 0.00 0.00
CF 13 775.44 18 633.42 32 408.86 1 746.90 1 746.90 -73.79 -0.25
A1 15 499.84 19 240.00 34 739.84 2 366.90 1 746.90 1 637.19 1 710.99 5.65 5.92
A2 14 836.65 18 828.42 33 665.07 2 095.52 1 475.52 1 105.18 1 178.97 3.81 4.08
A3 13 756.64 17 918.42 31 675.06 1 824.14 1 204.14 -342.07 -268.28 -1.18 -0.93
A4 12 809.22 17 485.00 30 294.22 1 552.76 932.76 -1 180.15 -1 106.36 -4.07 -3.83
possibly caused by high temperature
in summer, and more released nutri-
ents from soils. Furthermore, the
yields of CF and treatments A1-A4 av-
eraged 7 085.0 kg/hm2, which in-
creased by 13.1% compared with CK.
Compared with CF, the yields of later-
season rice in treatments A1 and A2
grew a little, and in treatments A3 and
A4 decreased a little, showing none
statistical significance (P<0.05). These
demonstrated that in paddy fields with
purple soils, ploughing back of Chi-
nese milk vetch at 22 500 kg/hm2 be-
fore transplanting of early-season rice
would release nutrients for later-sea-
son rice, so that only 60%-80% N or K
fertilizers can be applied for later-sea-
son rice.
Total yield of double-season rice It
can be concluded from Table 4 that
annual total yield of early and later-
season rice averaged 12 650.2 kg/hm2
of treatments CF and A1-A4, with sig-
nificant increase of yield (P<0.05).
As shown in Table 4, compared
with CF, total yields of early and later-
season rice in treatments A1 and A2
grew by 7.2% and 3.9% respectively,
with little yield increase (P <0.05).
Yields of treatments A3 and A4 de-
creased a little, showing none statisti-
cal significance. Specifically, yields of
treatments A1 and A3 grew by 1 779.1
and 1 359.6 kg/hm2 compared with
treatment A4, with increases at 15.2%
and 11.6% . According to total yields,
with ploughing back of Chinese milk
vetch at 22 500 kg/hm2, rice yield can
be guaranteed with N and K fertilizers
applied of 40%-80%, and it is proved
the yield can be the best with N and K
fertilizers at 80%.
Economic benefits of rice in differ-
ent treatments
The economic benefits of rice in
different treatments were analyzed
with consideration of chemical fertiliz-
er, Chinese milk vetch seeds, labor
force cost, as well as incomes from
Chinese milk vetch. What’s more, the
prices of seeds of Chinese milk vetch,
chemical fertilizer and rice took refer-
ences in 2012. For example, the prices
of seeds, N, P2O5, K2O were 18, 4.67,
5.2 and 5.47 yuan/kg, respectively.
The cost of labor was 120 yuan/d as
per the standard in 2012. The test re-
sults indicated that compared with CK
(Table 5), average income of early-
season rice reduced by 3.76% in
treatments of CF, A1 -A4, because of
influence from disastrous climate. As
shown in Table 5, compared with CF,
the income from treatment A1 reached
the highest and the increase was as
high as 9.18% , followed by A2 at
5.92%. As for treatment A3, the income
of early-season rice kept the same as
that of CF. In treatment A4, the income
reduced by 6.42%. In conclusion, with
ploughing back of Chinese milk vetch
at 22 500 kg/hm2, the application of N
and K fertilizers at 60% -80% would
significantly increase the income from
early-season rice.
Compared with CK, average in-
come of later-season rice in treat-
ments of CF, A1-A4 performed better
than that of early-season rice (Table
5). For instance, the increased in-
comes reached 706.39 yuan/hm2 and
the increase reached 4.34%. Specifi-
cally, economic benefits of different
treatments with later-season rice
proved similar to that of early-season
rice, but the increase of income was
poorer. Compared with CF, the in-
crease income of treatment A1 with lat-
er-season rice was the best, with the
increased income at 606.58 yuan/hm2
and the growth reached 3.58%; the in-
come of treatment A2 increased a little;
268
Agricultural Science & Technology2015
the incomes of treatments A3 and A4
declined a little. These indicated that
ploughing back of Chinese milk vetch
has effects in increasing benefits from
later-season rice.
It can be concluded from Table 5
that average incomes from treatments
CF, A1-A4 maintained the same as that
of Ck. Compared with CF, the in-
creased incomes of rice in treatment
A1, early-season rice or later-season
rice, performed the highest, by 5.92%,
followed by treatment A2 by 4.08% .
The increased income of treatment A3
kept the same as that of CF and of
treatment A4 decreased by 3.83%.
The content of organic carbon of
soils in different treatments
The content of organic carbon of
soils grown with early-season rice
Before the test, the content of or-
ganic carbon was 27.9 g/kg. As shown
in Fig.1, the content of organic carbon
in CK increased to certain extent
compared with the test before, which
is possibly related to rice stubbles,
runoff, irrigated water and climate.
Compared with CK, the content of or-
ganic carbon in soils improved by
6.1% and 4.6% in treatments of A4 and
CF, showing significant differences
(P<0.05), followed by treatment A with
none statistical significance. In addi-
tion, the contents of treatments A3 and
A2 declined by 12.4% and 22.6%, re-
spectively, with significant differences
(P<0.05), possibly because of miner-
alization of organic carbon by 80% or
60% N and K fertilizers with ploughing
back of Chinese milk vetch. It showed
that the content of organic carbon in
treatments of A1 and A4 with early-sea-
son rice showed none statistical sig-
nificance with CF. The contents of A2
and A3 reduced by 26.0% and 16.2%
compared with Cf, showing significant
differences (P<0.05), which indicated
that the application of 80% and 60% N
and K fertilizers 5 years later is ad-
verse for accumulation of organic car-
bon in soils with early-season rice with
ploughing back of Chinese milk vetch.
These incorporated that with ploughing
back of Chinese milk vetch at 22 500
kg/hm2, the content of organic carbon
changed from decreasing to increas-
ing as N and K fertilizers decreased
from 100% to 40% and the accumula-
tion of organic carbon on soils with
80% N and K fertilizers proved the
least.
The content of organic carbon of
soils in different treatments As
shown in Fig.2, the content of organic
carbon in soils with later-season rice
improved in varying degrees in differ-
ent treatments. Specifically, compared
with Ck, the content increased by
5.6% in the treatment of A4, with sig-
nificant differences (P <0.05); treat-
ments CF, A, and A3 showed none
statistical significance with that of CK;
the content of treatment A2 declined by
17.8% , with significant differences.
With ploughing back of Chinese milk
vetch, the content of soils with later-
season rice in treatments A1 and A3
maintained similar to that of CF; the
accumulated organic carbon was the
least in treatment A2, decreasing by
17.7% compared with CF; the content
of treatment A4 increased by 5.8% ,
with significant differences.
The content of total N in different
treatments in maturing stage
The content of total N in different
treatments in maturing stage As
shown in Fig.3, compared with CK, the
content of total N in most treatments
showed significant differences with
that of CK, except of treatment CF.
Specifically, the content increased by
15.8% and 6.6% and of treatments A3
and A2 decreased by 4.7% and 19.5%.
Compared with CF, the content of total
N showed significant differences in dif-
Fig.4 Soil total N content of late rice in mature stage under different
treatments in 2012
Fig.3 Soil total N content of early rice in mature stage under differ-
ent treatments in 2012
Fig.2 The soil organic C content of late rice in mature stage under
different treatments in 2012
Fig.1 Soil organic C content of early rice in mature stage under dif-
ferent treatments in 2012
269
Agricultural Science & Technology 2015
ferent treatments, and the content in
treatment A1 grew by 4.7%, which indi-
cated that with the quantity of chemical
fertilizer the same, ploughing back of
Chinese milk vetch at 22 500 kg/hm2
would considerably improve the con-
tent of total N in soil layers of early -
season rice in maturing stage; the con-
tents in treatments A2 and A3 dropped
by 21.0% and 6.5% and in treatment
A4 enhanced by 13.7%. These indicat-
ed that the change of total N was simi-
larly as 60%-100% N and K fertilizers
were applied, with the change of or-
ganic carbon in paddy fields with early-
season rice, provided ploughing back
of Chinese milk vetch, of which the
content of organic carbon was the
least in the soils with 80% N and K fer-
tilizers.
The content of total N in soil layers
in different treatments with later-
season rice in maturing stage As
shown in Fig.4, only the content of to-
tal N in treatment A2 showed significant
differences with treatment CK (P <
0.05). Specifically, the content in
treatment A2 declined by 13.9%, which
indicated that with ploughing back of
Chinese milk vetch, the application of
80% N and K fertilizers in soils with
later-season rice is adverse for the ac-
cumulation of total N in soils. In matur-
ing stage of later-season rice, the con-
tent of total N in treatment A1 in-
creased by 5.5% compared with CF,
and in treatment A2 declined by 12.5%;
the contents in rest treatments showed
none statistical significance with that of
CF. These suggested that the change
trend of total N in soils with later-sea-
son rice in maturing stage is basically
similar to that of early-season rice.
Conclusions and Discus-
sions
In crop production, after applica-
tion of green manure, rice yield main-
tained the same or even increased a
little compared with the treatments
with chemical fertilizers or N fertilizers
reduced by 15%-40%[10-12]. The appli-
cation of Chinese milk vetch and
chemical fertilizer would meet rice de-
mands on available nutrients, as well
as other nutrients demands to main-
tain rice yield. In the test, in the treat-
ment with local method, ploughing
back of Chinese milk vetch would
maintain or facilitate rice yield. With
ploughing back of Chinese milk vetch,
80% N and K fertilizers would increase
rice yield and 60% N and K fertilizers
would maintain stable rice yield. In
terms of economic benefits and eco-
logical benefits, compared with the
treatment with just chemical fertilizer,
ploughing back of Chinese milk vetch
at 100% would improve incomes from
rice production, and 80% N and K fer-
tilizers would maintain incomes from
rice production.
With application of organic fertil-
izer and inorganic fertilizer, the fertil-
ization of organic matter to soils would
considerably improve the content of
organic carbon[8, 13-15]. In the test, single
fertilization of chemical fertilizers
would effectively increase the content
of organic carbon, because chemical
fertilizer would facilitate root growth
and increase biomass of underground
part. These are similar to the research
conducted by A. Mandal et al. [16] and
Yin et al.[17]. However, with root growth
promoted, C -to -N proportion would
drop resulting from application of sin-
gle chemical fertilizer. What’s worse,
the decrease of C -to -N proportion
would lead to decomposition of in-
creased organic carbon, and ctivated
decomposition of original organic car-
bon, which is adverse for accumulation
of organic carbon in soils [13, 18]. There-
fore, the effects of chemical fertilizer
on organic carbon in soils are much
complicated, which is related to crop,
soil property, and soil mineralization.
In the test, in the treatment with
application of Chinese milk vetch at
100%, the contents of organic carbon
and total N showed insignificant in-
crease in terms of organic carbon and
total N, compared with the treatment
with 100% chemical fertilizer, which is
possibly related to soil property, crop
variety, soil mineralization and test
circle. With effects of Chinese milk
vetch, the contents of organic matter
and total N changed in the form of de-
creasing-lowest-increasing as N and
K fertilizers declined from 100% to
40% and rice yield was decreasing.
Specifically, in the treatment with 80%
N and K fertilizers, the contents of or-
ganic matter and total N kept the low-
est, and were significantly lower com-
pared with the treatment without fertil-
ization of Chinese milk vetch or chemi-
cal fertilizers. These incorporated that
with Chinese milk vetch applied, the
contents of organic carbon and total N
is of correlation with N and K fertilizers
and rice yield, which requires further
exploration.
References
[1] JIAO B(焦彬), GU RS(顾荣申),ZHANG
XS(张学上). China Green Manure(中国
绿 肥 ) [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture
Press(北京:农业出版社), 1986.
[2] ZHU ZL (朱兆良 ). Loss of fertilizer N
from plants-soil system and the strate-
gies and techniques for its reduction(农
田中氮肥的损失与对策 ) [J]. Soil and
Environmental Sciences (土壤与环境),
2000(1): 1-6.
[3] HUANG GQ(黄国勤 ), WANG XX(王兴
祥), QIAN HY (钱海燕), et al. Negative
impact of inorganic fertilizers application
on agricultural environment and its
countermeasures(施用化肥对农业生态
环境的负面影响及对策 ) [J].Ecological
and Environmental Sciences (生态环
境), 2004(4): 656-660.
[4] SUN PL (孙彭力), WANG HJ (王慧君).
Environmental pollution caused by N
fertilizers(氮素化肥的环境污染)[J]. En-
vironmental Pollution and Control (环境
污染与防治), 1995(1): 38-41.
[5] GAO XZ(高祥照), MA WQ(马文奇),DU
S (杜 森 ), et al. Analysis on existing
problems of fertilization in China(我国施
肥中存在问题的分析)[J]. Chinese Jour-
nal of Soil Science(土壤通报), 2001(6):
258-261.
[6] WANG Q (王琴), PAN ZL (潘兹亮), LV
YH (吕玉虎), et al. Effects of ploughing
down Astragalus sinicus(紫云英绿肥对
土壤养分的影响)[J]. Grassland and Turf
(草原与草坪), 2011(1): 58-60.
[7] WANG YQ(王允青 ), ZHANG XM(张祥
明), LIU Y(刘英), et al. Effect of Chinese
Milk Vetch on Rice Yield and Soil Nutri-
ents(施用紫云英对水稻产量和土壤养分
的影响)[J].安徽农业科学, 2004(4): 699-
700.
[8] YANG ZP(杨曾平),XU MG(徐明岗),NIE
J (聂军), et al. Effects and evaluation of
long-term green manure on red paddy
soils grown with double-season rice (长
期冬种绿肥对双季稻种植下红壤性水稻
土质量的影响及其评价 ) [J]. Journal of
Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持
学报), 2011(3): 92-97.
[9] LU RS (鲁如坤).Soil agricultural chem-
istry analysis(土壤农化分析)[M].Beijing:
China Agricultural S&T Press(北京:中国
农业科技出版社),2000.
[10] ZHAO N (赵娜 ), GUO SS (郭熙盛 ),
CAO WD (曹卫东 ), et al. Effects of
green manure milk vetch and fertilizer
combined application on the growth
270
Agricultural Science & Technology2015
(Continued from page 265)
Responsible editor: Tingting XU Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WU
Ecology (生态学杂志 ), 2011, 30(12):
2907-2914.
[22] ZHANG SR(张淑荣 ), CHEN LD(陈利
顶), FU BJ(傅伯杰), et al. The risk as-
sessment of nonpoint pollution of
phosphorus from agricultural lands: A
case study of Yuqiao Reservoir water-
shed(农业区非点源污染潜在危险性评
价-以于桥水库流域磷流失为例 ) [J].
Quaternary Sciences (第四纪研究 ),
2003, 23(3): 262-269.
[23] ZHANG SR(张淑荣 ), CHEN LD(陈利
顶), FU BJ (傅伯杰). Pollution-control-
ling regionalization of agricultural non-
point phosphorus in Yuqiao Reservoir
watershed (于桥水库流域农业非点源
磷污染控制区划研究)[J]. Scientia Ge-
ographica Sinica (地理科学), 2004, 24
(2): 231-237.
[24] LI Q(李琪), CHEN LD(陈利顶), QI X(齐
鑫 ), et al. Catchment scale risk as-
sessment and critical source area i-
dentification of agricultural phosphorus
loss (流域尺度农业磷流失危险性评价
与关键源区识别 方 法 ) [J]. Chinese
Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态
学报), 2007, 18(9): 1982-1986.
[25] ZHOU HP (周慧平 ), GAO C (高超 ),
ZHU XD(朱晓东). Identification of criti-
cal source areas: an efficient way for
agricultural non-point source pollution
control (关键源区识别: 农业非点源污
染控制方法)[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica
(生态学报), 2005, 25(12): 3368-3374.
[26] ZHOU HP (周慧平), GAO C (高超). I-
dentifying critical source areas for non-
point phosphorus loss in Chaohu wa-
tershed(巢湖流域非点源磷流失关键源
区识别)[J]. Environmental Science (环
境科学), 2008, 29(10): 2696-2701.
[27] JOHNSON AM, OSMOND DL, HEDG-
ES SC. Predicted impact and evalua-
tion of North Carolinas phosphorus in-
dexing tool [J]. J Environ Q, 2005, 34:
1801-1810.
[28] WANG LH (王丽华), WANG XY (王晓
燕), ZHANG ZF(张志锋), et al. Estab-
lishment and revision of PI(P index)(磷
指数法-PI（P Index）的修正及应用)[J].
Journal of Capital Normal University
(首都师范大学学报), 2006, 27 (2): 84,
85-88.
[29] CZYMMEK KJ, KETTERINGS QM,
GEOHRING L. Phosphorus and agri-
culture VII: the new phosphorus index
for New York State [J]. What’s Crop-
ping Up in Agronomy, 2001, 11 (4): 1-
3.
[30] LI N, GUO HC. Review of risk assess-
ment of phosphorus loss potential from
agricultural non - point source: phos-
phorus index [J]. Progress in Geogra-
phy, 2010, 29(11): 1360-1367.
[31] LI Q(李琪), CHEN LD(陈利顶), QI X(齐
鑫 ), et al. Phosphorus index assess-
ment method for watershed agricultur-
al non-point source pollution(流域农业
非点源污染磷指数评价法研究进展)[J].
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
(农业环境科学学报 ), 2006, 25(plus):
810-813.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Responsible editor: Xiaoxue WANG Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WU
and yield of rice in double-cropping
rice areas(绿肥紫云英与化肥配施对双
季稻区水稻生长及产量的影响 ) [J].
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
(安徽农业科学 ), 2010 (36): 20668-
20670.
[11] JIN X (金昕), ZHU P (朱萍), WANG M
(汪明), et al. Effect of reducing chemi-
cal N fertilizer dose on the yield of rice
following horsebean (绿肥茬水稻化肥
减量技术研究 ) [J]. Acta Agriculturae
Shangha(上海农业学报), 2006(1): 50-
52.
[12] GUO YZ (郭云周), YIN XH (尹小怀),
WANG JS (王劲松 ), et al. Effects of
equal quantity green manure applica-
tion and different fertilizer rates on
yield and output value of flue-cured to-
bacco in red soil of upland in Yunnan
(翻压等量绿肥和化肥减量对红壤旱地
烤烟产量产值的影响 ) [J]. Journal of
Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural
Science Edition)(云南农业大学学报:自
然科学版), 2010, 25(6): 811-816.
[13] ZENG J (曾骏 ), GUO TW (郭天文 ),
BAO XG (包兴国), et al. Effections of
soil organic carbon and soil inorganic
carbon under long term(长期施肥对土
壤有机碳和无机碳的影响)[J]. Soil and
Fertilizer Sciences in China (中国土壤
与肥料), 2008(2): 11-14.
[14] TAN CY(谭长银), WU LH(吴龙华),LUO
YM (骆永明 ), et al. Variations of total
and available Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in red
paddy soils under long-term fertiliza-
tion(不同肥料长期施用下稻田镉、铅、
铜 、 锌元素总量及有效态的变化 )[J].
Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报 ),
2009(3): 412-418.
[15] MENG L (孟磊), DING WX (丁维新),
CAI ZC (蔡祖聪), et al. Storage of soil
organic and soil respiration as effected
by long-term, quantitative fertilization
(长期定量施肥对土壤有机碳储量和土
壤呼吸影响)[J]. Advances in Earth Sci-
ence (地球科学进展), 2005 (6): 687-
692.
[16] MANDAL A, PATRA A K, SINGH D, et
al. Effect of long-termapplication of
manure and fertilizer on biological and
biochemical activities in soil during
crop development stages [J]. Biore-
source Technology, 2007, 98 (18):
3585-3592.
[17] YIN YF(尹云锋 ), CAI ZC(蔡祖聪 ).Ef-
fects of different fertilization measures
on organic carbon balance and carbon
fixation potential of humid soils(不同施
肥措施对潮土有机碳平衡及固碳潜力
的影响)[J]. Soils(土壤), 2006(6): 745-
749.
[18] ZHANG GL (张贵龙), ZHAO JN (赵建
宁), SONG XL (宋晓龙), et al. Effects
of fertilization on soil organic carbon
and carbon pool management index
(施肥对土壤有机碳含量及碳库管理指
数的影响)[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fer-
tilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报),
2012(2): 359-365.
Instructions for Authors
Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) is an international Agricultural information Institute with head-
quarters in Britain. CAB Abstracts is an abstract disc database that has been published by CABI since 1989. In database, all
records are collected from CABI printing abstracts which contain 14 000 periodicals, special reports, proceedings, theoreti-
cal studies, annual reports, etc. The records cover all fields of agricultural sciences and the subjects include Agronomy, Bio-
technology, Plant Protection, Dairy Science, Economics, Forestry, Genetics, Microbiology, Parasitology, Animal Husbandry
and Veterinary, Human Nutrition, Rural Development and so on.
271