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椒目及椒目仁油中 α -亚麻酸的含量测定研究 *
郝荣荣 杨 倩 曹 蔚 肖会敏 王四旺△
(第四军医大学药学院天然药物学教研室 陕西西安 710032)
摘要目的:建立同时测定椒目及椒目仁油中 α-亚麻酸含量的 HPLC方法。方法:用固定相为 Kromasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,
5μm),流动相为乙腈 -1%醋酸溶液(90:10),检测波长为 205nm,流速为 1.0 mL·min-1,柱温:25℃,进样量:10 μL,测定椒目及椒目
仁油中 α-亚麻酸的含量;结果:α-亚麻酸在(22~500)μg·mL-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,5批椒目和椒目仁油中 α-亚麻酸的平
均含量分别为 4.56%, 32.72%,平均回收率分别为 99.87%,98.97%。结论:所建方法操作简便,准确可靠,重现性良好,可有效的控
制椒目及椒目仁油的质量。
关键词:椒目;椒目仁油;HPLC法;α-亚麻酸
中图分类号:R284 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673-6273(2014)20-3840-04
Study on the Determination of a-linolenic Acid
in the Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim and the Seeds
Oil from Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim*
HAO Rong-rong, YANG Qian, CAO Wei, XIAO Hui-min, WANG Si-wang△
(Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710032, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To establish the HPLC method to determine the content of a-linolenic acid in the Zanthoxylum bungeanum
Maxim and the seeds oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Methods: With the stationary phase for Kromasil C18 column (250 mm
×4.6 mm, 5 μm), mobile phase of acetonitrile and 1% acetic acid solution (90:10), detection wavelength of 205 nm, flow rate of 1.0 mL
min -1, column temperature: 25 ℃, sample quantity: 10 uL.to determine the content of a-linolenic acid in the Zanthoxylum bungeanum
Maxim and the seeds oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Results: Linear range of a-linolenic acid was (22~500)μg·mL-1 , and
the average contents of a-linolenic acid were 4.56% and 32.72%, the average recoveries of a-linolenic acid were 99.87% and 98.97% for
Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim and the seeds oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim respectively. Conclusion: The method is
simple, accurate, reliable and with good reproducibility, which can effectively control the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim and
the seeds oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.
Key words: Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim; The seeds oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim; HPLC; a-linolenic acid
Chinese Library Classification(CLC): R284 Document code: A
Article ID: 1673-6273(2014)20-3840-04
*基金项目:陕西省 13115科技创新工程技术研究中心基金(S2010ZDGC105)
作者简介:郝荣荣(1988-),女,技术员,主要研究方向:新药技术开发,电话:18729324080,
E-mail:haorongrongvs@163.com
△通讯作者:王四旺,教授,研究生导师,电话:029-84774748,E-mail:siwangw@fmmu.edu.cn
(收稿日期:2013-10-30 接受日期:2013-11-24)
doi: 10.13241/j.cnki.pmb.2014.20.010
前言
椒目为芸香科植物花椒(Zantthoxylum bungeanumMaxim·)
的成熟种子。椒目又名川椒目,干澡的种子呈类球形,表面黑色
有光泽,表皮已脱落者,露出黑色网状纹理,种皮质坚硬。椒目
气香,味辛辣[1];椒目仁油为采用压榨法或 CO2超临界流体萃取
等技术,从椒目的种仁中提取的脂肪油[2]。目前,国内外研究发
现,椒目仁油中富含不饱和脂肪酸,其中 α-亚麻酸对人体健康[3]
和疾病治疗[4]方面有重要作用。但《中国药典》[5]及各地方标准尚
未收载椒目及椒目仁油,只是有些椒目及椒目仁油制剂相关开
发的报道[6,7]。为了进一步对药材及制剂标准的制定提供试验依
据和参考,本次试验对椒目及椒目仁油中有效成分的测定方法
做了进一步的研究,使其测定结果更加精准,为建立和完善椒
目及椒目仁油的质量标准提供参考。
1 材料
1.1 仪器
D200型电子分析天平(德国 Sartorius公司);LC-2010AHT
高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司);KQ-300E型超声波清洗器
(昆山市超声仪器有限公司);电热恒温水浴锅(北京科伟永兴
仪器有限公司)。
1.2 试药
α-亚麻酸(批号 111631-200502)购自中国药品生物制品
鉴定所;5批椒目及椒目仁油样品购自久芳(韩城)花椒有限公
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司;超纯水(H2O):美国Millipore纯水器制备;乙腈(色谱纯)购
自韩国德山药品工业,其它试剂均为国产分析纯。
2 方法与结果
2.1色谱条件
色谱柱:Kromasil C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm);流动相:
乙腈 -1%醋酸溶液(90:10);检测波长:205 nm;流速:1.0 mL·
min-1;柱温:25℃;进样量:10 μL。理论塔板数按 α-亚麻酸峰
计算应分别不低于 4000[7]。
2.2对照品溶液的制备
取 α-亚麻酸对照品适量,精密称定,加乙醇制成每 1 mL
含 0.2 mg的 α-亚麻酸。
2.3椒目供试品制备
取本品粉末约 1 g,精密称定。置具塞锥形瓶中,先后加入
石油醚(60-90℃)50 mL,超声提取(功率 300 w,频率 40 kHz)2
次,每次 30 min。过滤,滤至圆底烧瓶内,合并滤液,减压回收石
油醚。然后,在圆底烧瓶内加入 0.5 mol/L的氢氧化钾乙醇溶液
10 mL,回流提取 30 min,放冷,加入酚酞试液 3滴,加 0.5
mol/L的盐酸溶液至红色刚好退去,溶液转移至 50 mL量瓶
中,加乙醇洗涤圆底烧瓶,洗涤液并入量瓶中,加乙醇至刻度,
摇匀。精密量取 1 mL置 10 mL量瓶中,加乙醇至刻度,摇匀,
即得[8]。
2.4椒目仁油供试品制备
取本品约 200 mg,精密称定。置圆底烧瓶内,加入 0.5
mol/L的氢氧化钾乙醇溶液 10 mL,回流提取 30 min,放冷,加
入酚酞试液 3滴,加 0.5 mol/L的盐酸溶液至红色刚好退去,溶
液转移至 50 mL量瓶中,加乙醇洗涤圆底烧瓶,洗涤液并入量
瓶中,加乙醇至刻度,摇匀。精密量取 1 mL置 10 mL量瓶中,
加乙醇至刻度,摇匀,即得[8]。
图 1 椒目及椒目仁油样品 HPLC图
A-α-亚麻酸对照品 B-椒目供试品 C-椒目仁油供试品
Fig.1 HPLC figures of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim and The seeds oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim samples
A - a-linolenic acid B-Test samples of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim C - test samples of The seeds oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim
2.5线性关系考察
精密量取 α-亚麻酸对照品溶液,经乙醇稀释,制成 α-亚
麻酸浓度为 22,110,210,400和 500 μg·mL-1的标准品溶液。分
别精密吸取 10 μL注入液相色谱仪按上述色谱条件测定。以浓
度(X)为横坐标,峰面积积分值(Y)为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,得
α-亚麻酸的回归方程为:Y = 33340X-9123.5( r2 = 0.999 9)。结
果表明,α-亚麻酸的浓度在( 22~500) μg·mL-1浓度范围内与
各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系。见图 2。
2.6精密度试验
取同一浓度的标准品溶液,在上述色谱条件下连续进样 6
次,测定峰面积。结果,α-亚酸峰面积的 RSD为 0.17%。表明仪
器精密度良好。
2.7重复性试验
取椒目和椒目仁油同一批供试品分别按 2.1.3和 2.1.4项
下操作方法各制备 5份样品溶液,进样测定。结果,α-亚麻酸峰
面积的 RSD值分别为 0.45%、1.64%。表明本实验所用的方法
重复性良好。
2.8稳定性试验
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取同一浓度对照品溶液,分别于 0、1、2、4、8、12、24 h测定
峰面积,结果,对照品溶液中 α-亚麻酸峰面积的 RSD为 0.38%
。表明 α-亚麻酸在 24 h内稳定。
2.1.9 加样回收率 精密称取已知含量的椒目和椒目仁油样品
各 5份,精密添加 α-亚麻酸对照品,分别按照 2.1.3和 2.1.4项
下的方法制备供试品溶液,进样测定,计算加样回收率,结果见
表 1、2。平均回收率分别为 99.87%、98.97%,RSD 值分别为
1.24%、1.23%。
2.1.10 样品含量测定 按上述色谱条件测定 5批椒目及椒目仁
油中 α-亚麻酸的含量,结果见表 3、4。
3 讨论
图 2 α-亚麻酸标准曲线
Fig.2 The standard curve of a-inolenic acid
表 1 椒目加样平均回收率实验结果(n=3)
Table 1 The average recovery experiment results of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (n = 3)
Technical content(μg) Add the scalar(μg)
Measured the amount
(μg)
Recovery (%) The average recovery(%) RSD%
33602.64 20000 53855.81 101.27
33570.72 20000 53803.19 101.16
30898.56 20000 50652.69 98.77 99.87 1.24
35454.00 20000 55288.26 99.17
32923.20 20000 52716.86 98.97
表 2椒目仁油加样平均回收率实验结果(n=3)
Table 2 The average recovery experiment results of The seeds oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (n = 3)
Technical content(μg) Add the scalar(μg)
Measured the amount
(μg)
Recovery (%) The average recovery(%) RSD%
43779.36 24000 67704.78 99.69
48589.20 24000 71922.80 97.22
44531.92 24000 68314.64 99.09 98.97 1.23
46495.12 24000 70153.08 98.57
46102.48 24000 70172.44 100.29
表 3 五批椒目样品中 α-亚麻酸含量测定结果(n=3)
Table 3 Five batches of a-linolenic acid content determination results in the Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim samples (n = 3)
Batch number The average pek areaa A-linolenic acid content (%) Average(%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
3084326.0
3111949.0
3031158.5
3092718.0
3090857.5
3096156.5
4.59
4.67
4.07
4.61
4.19
4.65
4.48
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椒目仁油中富含不饱和脂肪酸,如 α–亚麻酸、亚油酸等。
因其中 α-亚麻酸含量最高[6,9,10],且作用广泛[11,12],促使对其各方
面的研究[13,14]。目前,药材和油样中 α-亚麻酸的含量测定多为
HPLC法[9]、气 -质联用法,也有气相色谱法[15,16],而 HPLC法测
定椒目仁油需经皂化水解、尿素包合所得的脂肪酸甲酯化产物
来计算其所含 α-亚麻酸含量[17],此法比较繁琐,不直观。我们
之前用的 HPLC法测定椒目仁油需经皂化水解,酸解等步骤,
计算 α-亚麻酸含量 [7],后来发现此法不能够准确测定椒目中
α-亚麻酸的含量。鉴于此,本试验进一步探讨了其制备方法和
HPLC法的条件,例如,本研究考察了椒目的提取溶剂、提取方
法和提取时间,结果表明用石油醚 ( 60~90℃) 超声提取 30
min提取效果较好;对供试品溶液的制备考察了提取时间和溶
剂用量等,结果表明用氢氧化钾乙醇溶液 10 mL,回流提取 30
min,加酚酞试液 3滴效果较佳。此外,α-亚麻酸分子结构中仅
含非共轭双键,只有末端吸收,因此选择 205 nm为检测波长。
对于流动相,采用了乙腈 -1%醋酸系统作为流动相,可在保证
良好分离度的前提下,避免基线的波动干扰。结果表明:此法不
仅能够准确测定其 α-亚麻酸的含量,且其含量明显提高。
综上,本研究科学、准确地测定了椒目及椒目仁油中 α-亚
麻酸的含量,为椒目及椒目仁油中提取 α-亚麻酸提供了新的
方法。不仅可以较好地对椒目及椒目仁油的质量进行控制,且
为其质量标准的制订提供了参考。
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