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作 者 ：陈立新

期 刊 ：应用生态学报 2004年 15卷 6期 页码：1000-1004

关键词：落叶松人工林；施肥；酶活性；微生物数量；

Keywords:Laris gmelinii plantation, Fertilization, Enzyme activity, Microbial amount,

摘 要 ：以落叶松(Larix gmelinii)二代1年、一代14年和34年人工林为研究对象,对林地进行了不同施肥实验处理.结果表明,施肥能不同程度地促进或抑制土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量,尤其是对根际土壤生理活性影响效果更为明显.相同处理对不同发育阶段土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量的影响效果不同.二代1年生幼林地最佳施肥方案是处理9,其土壤过氧化氢酶活性、蛋白酶活性、多酚氧化酶活性、脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、微生物总量、细菌数量、放线菌数量和真菌数量分别比对照提高413.49%、22.10%、20.56%、220.00%、49.46%、238.88%、247.24%、106.70%和366.67%;一代34年生最佳施肥方案是处理5,根际与非根际土壤过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性、微生物总量、细菌数量、真菌数量分别比对照提高30.44%、16.91%、0.22%、43.06%、124.18%、119.92%、87.66%、17.57%、24.55%、77.01%、168.62%、251.85%、183.33%、250.0%、38.24%和128.57%;一代14年生幼龄林需要适量的氮肥和有机无机混合肥,较理想的施肥方案为处理2和处理9,处理2根际与非根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性、蛋白酶活性、脲酶活性分别比对照提高44.39%、94.83%、4.62%、13.98%、10.70%和129.76%.处理9根际与非根际土壤微生物总量、细菌数量、真菌数量分别比对照增加176.49%、266.63%、198.04%、275.56%、66.67%和143.75%.

Abstract:One year-old second generation stand and 14 year-and 34 year-old first generation stands in larch plantations were studied at the Maoershan Mt. Experimental Forest Farm. The forestland of these three stands was treated with various fertilizations. The results showed that fertilization could promote or restrain soil enzyme activity and microbial amount with different degrees, and its effect on soil physiological activity was more apparent. The effect of the same fertilisation treatmenu on soil enzyme activity and microbial amount was different at different development stages of the stands. For one year-old stand, the best fertilization scheme was treatment 9, its soil enzyme activities (catalase, proteinase, polyphenoloxidase,urease，and saccharase), total microbial amount, and amount of bacteria, actinomyces and fungus being increased by 413.49%,22.10%，20. 56%，220. 00%，49. 46 %，238. 88 %，247. 24 %,106. 70 %，and 366 . 67 %,respectively, as compared with the mntrol. For 34 year-old stand, the best fertilization scheme was treatment 5, its soil enzyme activities(catalase, proteinase,polyphenoloxidase,urease，and saccharase), total microbial amount, and amount of bacteria and fungus was increased by 30. 44 %，16.91%,0.22%,43.06%，124.18 %，119. 92 %, 87 . 66 %, and 17. 57&，respectively in rhizosphere soil, and by 24 . 55 %，77. 0l %，168.62 %，251. 85 %，183. 33 %, 250. 0 %，38 . 24 % and 128 . 57 %，respectively in non-rhizosphere soil. For 14 year-old young stand, it needed a proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer and organic-mineral fertilizers, and the better fertilisation schemes were treatments 2 and 9. The soil enzyme activities (catslose, proteinase, and，urease)in treatment 2 was increased by 44. 39 %, 94 . 83 %，and 4 . 62 %，respectively in rhizcsphere soil, and by 13 . 98 %，10. 70 % and 129 . 76 %，respectively in non-rhizosphere soil. Total soil microbial amount and the amount of bacteria and fungus in treatment 9 was increased by 176. 49 %, 266. 63&, and 198. 04 %, respectively in rhizcsphere Broil, and by 275 . 56 %, 66. 67 % and 143 . 75 %，respectively in non-rhizasphere soil.

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