全 文 :植物科学学报 2013,31(6) :533 ~535
Plant Science Journal
DOI:10. 3724 /SP. J. 1142. 2013. 60533
圆盔乌头,陕西毛茛科一新种
王文采
(中国科学院植物研究所,系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京 100093)
摘 要:描述了自陕西省发现的毛茛科乌头属一新种,圆盔乌头(Aconitum rotundocassideum)。由于具有相似
的体态和盔形上萼片,此种与特产云南省的粗茎乌头在亲缘上很相近,与后者的区别特征见正文。
关键词:毛茛科;乌头属;新种;陕西
中图分类号:Q949. 746. 5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-0837(2013)06-0533-03
收稿日期:2013-07-05,修回日期:2013-09-25。
作者简介:王文采(1926-) ,男,研究员,中国科学院院士,从事有花植物分类学研究。
Aconitum rotundocassideum,a New Species of
Ranunculaceae from Shaanxi
WANG Wen-Tsai
(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,
Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)
Abstract: A new species of the genus Aconitum (Ranunculaceae ) ,Aconitum
rotundocas-sideum,is described here from Shaanxi Province. Having similar habit and
galeiform upper sepals,this species is closely related to A. crassicaule W. T. Wang endemic
to Gongshan County,Yunnan Province,though the latter differs by its flower arrangement in a
panicle with three small 3-flowered racemes,usually arcuate pedicels,smaller rounded-
galeiform or subglobose,conspicuously nerved,not beaked upper sepal and smaller lateral
sepals,and 2-denticulate stamen filaments.
Key words:Ranunculaceae;Aconitum;New species;Shaanxi
圆盔乌头 新种(图 1)
Aconitum rotundocassideum W. T. Wang,sp.
nov. Fig. 1(Sect. Aconitum Ser. Volubilia Steinb.)
Ob habitum et sepalum superum ga-
lei-formem species nova haec est arcte affinis
A. crassicauli W. T. Wang endemico in Gongshan,
Provinciae Yunnan,quod floribus 5 -10 in race-
mum dispositis,pedicellis rectis haud arcuatis,
sepalo supero majore naviculari-galeiformi
ca. 2 cm alto obscuro-nervi et conspicue rostrato,
ejus margine infero ca. 1. 6 cm longo,sepalis lat-
era-libus majoribus 1. 5 cm longis 1. 2 cm latis,
staminum filamentis haud 2-denticulatis facile dif-
fert. Habitu ea est etiam similis A. hemsleyano
Pritz.,quod floribus majoribus vulgo 2 - 6 in
racemum dispositis,sepalo supero majore alte
galeiformi 2- 2. 4 cm alto apice rotundato prae-
clare recedit.
Tubers obconic,ca. 1. 5 cm long,1 cm in
diam. Stem twining,near base ca. 9 mm in
diam., subglabrous, many-branched; bran-
ches slender,30 - 45 cm long,ca. 2 mm in
diam., sparsely appressed-puberulous, often
purple-tinged. Leaves petiolate; blades pa-
pery,pentagonal,4. 5 - 6. 8 cm long,6. 5 - 8
cm broad,at base cordate,to 5 -7 mm above
base 3-parted,central lobe rhombic,2. 8 -4 cm
broad,at apex acuminate,3-fid,with margins
incised-denticulate, lateral lobes obliquely
broad-flabellate,unequally 2-fid;surfaces adaxi-
ally and aba-xially sparsely appressed-puberu-
lous;petioles 2. 5-3. 5 cm long,with peduncles
retrorsely appressed-puberulous. Panicles axilla-
ry,ca. 8 cm long,usually consisting of 3 small
racemes;peduncles 3. 5 -5 cm long;rachises
glabrous;bracts foliaceous. Racemes 2- 4 cm
long,usually 3-flowered; bracts linear,0. 6 -
1. 5 cm long, unequally 2-fid or undivided;
pedicel slender,
A. 开花枝一部分;B. 花;C. 花瓣;D. 雄蕊;E. 雌蕊群,由 3 心皮组成;F. 花;G. 雄蕊。
A. Part of flowering branch;B. Flower;C. Petal;D. Stamen;E. Gynoecium,consisting of three
carpels (from holotype) ;F. Flower;G. Stamen. (K. M. Feng 6957)
图 1 圆盔乌头(A ~E)和粗茎乌头(F,G)
Fig. 1 Aconitum rotundocassideum(A-E)and A. crassicaule(F,G)
435 植 物 科 学 学 报 第 31 卷
usually arcuate,0. 5 - 1. 5 cm long,glabrous,
near base 2-bracteolate;bracteoles narrow-linear,
3-5 mm long,glabrous. Sepals red,abaxially
sparsely appressed-puberulous, conspicuously
longitudinally nerved; upper sepal rounded-
ga-leiform or subglobose,ca. 1. 7 cm high,at
apex truncate-rounded, shortly clawed, not
beaked,adaxially glabrous, lower margin ca.
1. 1 cm long, slightly concave; lateral sepals
obliquely broad-obovate,ca. 1 cm long,9 mm
broad,adaxially sparsely and shortly sericeous,
ciliate; lower sepals oblong-navicular, ca. 9
mm long,2. 2 mm broad,adaxially sparsely pu-
berulous. Petals glabrous; claws ca. 8 mm
long; limbs 7 mm long; lips 3. 5 mm long,
near apex reflexed,at apex emarginate;spurs
incurved,2 mm long. Stamens glabrous; fila-
ments ca. 3. 5 mm long,below winged,and 2-
denticulate;anthers ca. 1 mm long. Carpels 3,
ca. 3. 5 mm long,glabrous.
块根倒圆锥形,长约 1. 5 cm,直径 1 cm。茎
缠绕,近基部直径约 9 mm,近无毛,多分枝;枝
纤细,长 30 ~45 cm,直径约 2 mm,疏被贴伏短
柔毛,常带紫色。叶具柄;叶片纸质,五角形,长
4. 5 ~6. 8 cm,宽 6. 5 ~8 cm,基部心形,3 深裂
至距基部 5 ~ 7 cm 处,中央裂片菱形,宽 2. 8
~4 cm,顶端渐尖,3 中裂,边缘具缺刻和小牙
齿,侧裂片斜宽扇形,不等 2 中裂,两面疏被贴伏
短柔毛;叶柄长 2. 5 ~ 3. 5 cm,与花序梗均被反
曲短柔毛。圆锥花序腋生,长约 8 cm,通常具 3
小总状花序;花序梗长3. 5 ~5 cm;轴无毛;苞片
叶状。总状花序长 2 ~4 cm,通常具 3 朵花;苞片
条形,长 0. 6 ~ 1. 5 cm,不等 2 中裂或不分裂;
花梗纤细,通常弓状弯曲,长 0. 5 ~ 1. 5 cm,无
毛,近基部具 2 小苞片;小苞片狭条形,长 3 ~ 5
mm,无毛。萼片红色,外面疏被贴伏短柔毛,有
明显纵脉;上萼片圆盔形或近球形,高约 1. 7
cm,顶端
截状圆形,具短爪,内面无毛,下缘长约 1. 1 cm,
稍凹;侧萼片斜宽倒卵形,长约 1 cm,宽 9 mm,
内面疏被短绢毛,还具缘毛;下萼片长圆状船形,
长约 9 mm,宽 2. 2 mm,内面疏被短柔毛。花瓣
无 毛;爪 长 约 8 mm;瓣 片 长 7 mm;唇
长 3. 5 mm,近顶端反折,顶端微凹;距向内弯
曲,长 2 mm。雄蕊无毛;花丝长约 3. 5 mm,下
部具翅,并具 2 小齿;花药长约 1 mm。心皮 3,
长约 3. 5 mm,无毛。
陕 西 (Shaanxi) :周 至 Zhouzhi County,
Hou-zhizi, south slope of Taibai Shan, alt.
2700 m, in forests,herb perennial, fls. red,
1999-09-10,Zhu,Chen,Xu & Wang no. 1992
(holotype,PE).
由于具有相似的体态和盔形上萼片,本种与特
产云南贡山的粗茎乌头 Aconitum crassicaule
W. T. Wang 在亲缘关系上很相近,与后者的区别
在于本种的花组成由 3 个具 3 花的小总状花序形成
的圆锥花序,花梗通常弓状弯曲,上萼片较小,呈
圆盔形或近球形,具明显脉,无喙,其下缘长约
1. 1 cm,侧萼片较小,长 1 cm,宽 9 mm,雄蕊
花丝具 2 小齿。粗茎乌头,花 5 ~ 10 朵组成总状
花序,花梗直,上萼片较大,船状盔形,高约 2
cm,有不明显脉和明显的喙,其下缘长 1. 6 cm,
侧萼片也较大,长 1. 5 cm,宽 1. 2 cm,雄蕊花丝
不具 2 小齿。在体态方面本种与瓜叶乌头
A. hems-leyanum Pritz. 相似,但本种的花较小,
组成圆锥花序,上萼片较小,圆盔形,高约 1. 7
cm,顶端截状圆形而与后者相区别。瓜叶乌头,
花较大,通常 2 ~ 6 朵组成总状花序,上萼片较
大,高盔形,高 2 ~2. 4 cm,顶端圆形[1]。
致谢:蒙孙英宝先生为本文绘图,谨表示深切感谢。
参考文献:
[1] 王文采. Aconitum[M]//中国植物志:第 27 卷. 北
京:科学出版社,1979:113-326.
(责任编辑:王豫鄂)
535第 6 期 王文采:圆盔乌头,陕西毛茛科一新种