全 文 :中国药房 2013年第24卷第3期 China Pharmacy 2013Vol.24No.3
卫矛科植物大多具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、免疫抑制、杀虫及细
胞毒活性,是天然活性产物的重要来源[1]。独子藤(Celastrus
monospermus Roxb.)别名单子南蛇藤、大样红藤,是卫矛科南
蛇藤属常绿藤本植物,分布于我国广东、广西、海南、云南、贵
州,以及南亚印度等地,主要生长于海拔1000m 以上的森林
中[2]。研究表明,独子藤中主要含有生物碱和三萜类成分,其中木
栓烷型三萜类化合物是卫矛科植物化学成分的一个重要组成部
分[3]。本课题组一直致力于天然活性产物的研究与开发,此前
已经对独子藤的根部分进行了较为深入的化学成分研究[4],但
该植物茎和根的化学成分特征有较明显的不同之处。为了全
面地了解该植物的化学成分,从该植物中寻找更多有效的活
性成分,扩大该植物的药用范围,本研究对采自广东阳春的独
子藤的茎进行化学成分研究,从中分离得到7个化合物;并用
现代波谱学方法鉴定了它们的化学结构,全部都是三萜类化
合物,其中含6个木栓烷型三萜类化合物,另外1个是齐墩果
烷类化合物。木栓烷型三萜是五环三萜类化合物中的一个重
要家族,具有多种药理活性,如抗肿瘤、免疫抑制、抗艾滋病
毒、抗溃疡以及抗菌等[5-9],同时对风湿、白血病和皮肤病有一
定疗效[10-11],因而该类化合物具有重大的研究前景。
1 材料
1.1 仪器
XRC-6显微熔点仪(温度计未校正,北京泰克仪器有限公
司);Spectrum-100傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)仪(KBr压片法,美
国 Perkin-Elmer 公司);AvanceⅢ500MHz Digital 核磁共振光
谱(NMR)仪(TMS为内标,瑞士Bruker公司);6120液相色谱-
质谱(LC-MS)联用仪(美国Agilent公司);SK5200H超声清洗
器(上海科导超声仪器有限公司,频率:53kHz,功率:200W)。
1.2 药材
独子藤茎于2008年9月采自广东阳春地区,经广东药学
院中药学院李书渊教授鉴定为独子藤 C. monospermus Roxb.
的茎,标本存放于广东药学院药科学院天然药物化学教研室。
1.3 试剂
薄层色谱(TLC)用硅胶H、G、GF254,柱色谱用硅胶(200~
300目)均购于青岛海洋化工厂;甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲
烷、石油醚(60~90℃)均为分析纯,均购自天津市富宇精细化
工有限公司。
2 提取与分离
称取2.53kg独子藤茎,经干燥、粉碎后用乙酸乙酯超声提
取3次,每次15L,滤液合并后浓缩得总浸膏67g。将浸膏分
散在1500ml蒸馏水中,加少量甲醇助溶,依次用石油醚(60~
90℃)、氯仿、乙酸乙酯萃取,60℃以下减压浓缩、回收溶剂至
浸膏状,分别得石油醚萃取物浸膏(15. g)、氯仿萃取物浸膏
*硕士研究生。研究方向:天然药物活性成分。E-mail:cmx
2003030852@126.com
# 通信作者:教授,博士。研究方向:天然药物活性成分。电话:
020-39352140
独子藤茎的化学成分研究
陈铭祥1*,喻文进2,林 晓1,李尚德1,王定勇2#(1.广东医学院化学与药学实验教学中心,广东 东莞 523808;2.
广东药学院药科学院,广州 510006)
中图分类号 R284.1;R917 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001- 408(2013)03-0259-03
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001- 408.2013.0.24
摘 要 目的:研究独子藤茎的化学成分。方法:采用溶剂提取、硅胶柱色谱及结晶法对独子藤进行化学成分的分离,通过理化性
质和波谱分析鉴定其结构。结果:从独子藤茎中分离并鉴定出7个化合物,分别为齐墩果烯(1)、3-氧代木栓烷(2)、3-氧代木栓
烷-28-醛(3)、3,12-二氧代木栓烷(4)、3-氧代-28-羟基木栓烷(5)、3-氧代-11β-羟基木栓烷(6)、3-氧代-12α-羟基木栓烷(7)。其中,
化合物1、4、5、6、7均为首次从该植物茎中分离得到。结论:本研究结果可为开发和利用独子藤植物资源提供借鉴和参考。
关键词 独子藤;化学成分;成分分离;鉴定;木栓烷型三萜类化合物
Study on Chemical Constituents from the Stems of Celastrus monospermus
CHEN Ming-xiang1,YU Wen-jin2,LIN Xiao1,LI Shang-de1,WANG Ding-yong2(1.Chemistry and Pharmacy Exper-
imental Teaching Center,Guangdong Medical College,Guangdong Dongguan 523808,China;2.School of Phar-
macy,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou 510006,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To study the chemical constituents from the stems of Celastrus monospermus. METHODS:The con-
stituents were extracted with ethyl acetate,and isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and crystallization. Their
structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data. RESULTS:7compounds were isolated from this
plant,and they were identified as oleanolic alkene(1),friedelane-3-one(2),friedelane-3-on-28-al(3),friedelane-3,12-dione
(4),28-hydroxyfriedelane-3-one(5),11β-hydroxy-friedelane-3-one(6),12α-hydroxy-friedelane-3-one(7). Compounds 1,4,5,6,
7were obtained from the stems of this plant for the first time. CONCLUSION:The study provide reference for development and
utilization of C. monospermus.
KEY WORDS Celastrus monospermus;Chemical constituents;Component isolation;Identification;Friedelane
··259
China Pharmacy 2013Vol.24No.3 中国药房 2013年第24卷第3期
(31.5g)和乙酸乙酯萃取物浸膏(7.0g)。
取石油醚萃取物浸膏,经硅胶柱色谱分离、石油醚-乙酸乙
酯(100∶1→1∶1,V/V)溶剂体系进行梯度洗脱,每250ml收集
一流出组分,经TLC跟踪检测,合并相同流出组分,并经重结
晶得各化合物:在洗脱剂体积比为100∶2部分得化合物1(35
mg);在洗脱剂体积比为100∶16部分得化合物4(15mg)、5
(20mg)和6(30mg)。
取氯仿萃取物浸膏,经硅胶柱色谱分离、石油醚-乙酸乙酯
(100∶1→1∶1,V/V)溶剂体系进行梯度洗脱,每250ml收集一
流出组分,经TLC跟踪检测,合并相同流出组分,并经重结晶
得各化合物:在洗脱剂体积比为100∶2部分得化合物2(50
mg);在洗脱剂体积比为100∶4部分得化合物3(110mg);在洗
脱剂体积比为100∶8部分得化合物4(750mg)、5(25mg)和7
(550mg)。
化合物1~7的结构式见图1。
3 结构鉴定
化合物1:无色针状结晶(石油醚-乙酸乙酯),mp 173~
175℃,10%硫酸乙醇溶液喷雾烘烤显紫红色,Liebermann-
Burchard反应呈阳性。IR谱中示有羟基(3430cm-1)和碳碳双
键(1631cm-1);1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)δ:5.18(1H,m),
3.21(1H,m),1.13(3H,s),1.00(3H,s),0.97(3H,s),0.94(3H,
s),0.87(6H,s),0.83(3H,s),0.79(3H,s);13C-NMR(CDCl3,
125MHz)δ :145.2(C-13),121.7(C-12),79.0(C-3),55.2
(C-5),47.6(C-9),47.2(C-18),46.8(C-19),41.7(C-14),39.8
(C-8),38. (C-4),38.6(C-1),37.1(C-22),36.9(C-10),34.7
(C-21),33. (C-29),32.7(C-7),32.5(C-17),31. (C-20),28.4
(C-15),28.1(C-23),27.2(C-28),26.9(C-2),26.2(C-16),26.0
(C-27),23.7(C-30),23.5(C-11),18.4(C-6),16.8(C-26),15.6
(C-24),15. (C-25)。13C-NMR谱中中低场区仅有3个碳信号,
其中 δ145.2和 δ121.7为一对烯键碳原子信号,这是区分
ursane-12-en 和 olean-12-en类似物的显著特征[12],表明该化合
物为 olean-12-en类似物;δ79.0为一典型的连有含氧取代基的
碳的信号。综合氢谱和碳谱信息并参考文献[13-14],确定化合物
1为齐墩果烯。
化合物2:无色针状结晶(石油醚),mp230~232℃,10%
硫酸乙醇溶液喷雾烘烤显紫红色,Liebermann-Burchard 反应
呈阳性。电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)中准分子离子峰(m/z):449.4
[M+Na]+,465.4[M+K]+,因此确定其分子量为426.4。1H-NMR
(CDCl3,500MHz)δ:2.40(1H,m),2.26(1H,q),2.24(1H,q),
1.98(1H,m),1.74(1H,m),1.69(1H,dd),1.19(3H,s),1.05
(3H,s),1.01(3H,s),1.00(3H,s),0.95(3H,s),0.88(3H,d,J=
7.0Hz),0.87(3H,s),0.72(3H,s);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)
δ :213.2(C-3),59.5(C-10),58.2(C-4),53.1(C-8),42.8
(C-18),42.1(C-5),41.5(C-2),41.3(C-6),39.7(C-13),39.3
(C-22),38.3(C-14),37.5(C-9),36.0(C-16),35.6(C-11),35.3
(C-19),35.0(C-30),32.8(C-21),32.4(C-15),32.1(C-28),
31.8(C-29),30.5(C-12),30. (C-17),28.2(C-20),22.3(C-1),
20.3(C-27),18.7(C-26),18.2(C-7),17.9(C-25),14.7(C-24),
6.8(C-23)。综合氢谱和碳谱信息并参考文献[15-16],确定化合物
2为3-氧代木栓烷。
化合物3:无色针状结晶(石油醚),mp215~216℃,10%
硫酸乙醇溶液喷雾烘烤显紫红色,Liebermann-Burchard 反应
呈阳性。 1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)δ:9.48(1H,s),2.39
(1H,m),2.30(1H,m),2.22(1H,q),2.20(1H,m),1.07(3H,
s),0.98(3H,s),0.95(3H,s),0.87(3H,d,J=6.5Hz),0.84(3H,
s),0.72(3H,s),0.67(3H,s);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ:
213.0(C-3),209.0(C-28),59.3(C-10),58.2(C-4),52.8(C-8),
47. (C-17),42.0(C-5),41.5(C-2),41. (C-6),39.4(C-30),
38. (C-14),37. (C-13),37.1(C-9),36.5(C-18),35.4(C-11),
35.0(C-19),34.5(C-29),33.4(C-20),32.4(C-22),32.4
(C-16),30.6(C-12),28.4(C-15),28.3(C-21),22.3(C-1),20.
(C-27),18. (C-26),18.1(C-7),17.2(C-25),14.6(C-24),6.8
(C-23)。综合氢谱和碳谱信息并参考文献[17-18],确定化合物3
为3-氧代木栓烷-28-醛。
化合物4:无色针状结晶(石油醚-乙酸乙酯),mp 280~
281℃,Liebermann-Burchard 反应呈阳性。ESI-MS 中准分子
离子峰(m/z):463.4[M+Na]+,479.3[M+K]+,441.4[M+H]+,因
此确定其分子量为440.4。IR 谱中示有2个羰基(1715cm-1
和1696cm-1);1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)δ:2.63(1H,d,J=
14.0Hz),2.40(1H,m),2.29(1H,q),2.27(1H,m),2.21(1H,
q),2.04(1H,d,J=14.0Hz),1.96(1H,d,J=14.0Hz),1.84
(1H,m),1.40(3H,s),1.19(3H,s),1.05(3H,s),0.92(3H,s),
0.91(3H,s),0.90(3H,d,J=6.5Hz),0.88(3H,s),0.73(3H,s);
13C-NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ:214.2(C-12),212.1(C-3),59.3
(C-10),58.1(C-4),55. (C-13),53.1(C-8),51.4(C-11),44.0
(C-14),43.8(C-9),42. (C-5),41. (C-2),41.0(C-6),39.1
(C-22),36. (C-18),36.2(C-16),35.6(C-15),34.3(C-30),
33.1(C-21),31.9(C-28),31.8(C-29),31.7(C-19),29.7
(C-17),28.4(C-20),22.3(C-1),19. (C-26),19.1(C-27),18.6
(C-7),18.2(C-25),14.6(C-24),6.9(C-23)。综合氢谱和碳谱
信息并参考文献[19],确定化合物4为3,12-二氧代木栓烷。
化合物5:无色针状结晶(石油醚-乙酸乙酯),mp 275~
277℃,10%硫酸乙醇溶液喷雾烘烤显紫红色,Lieber-
mann-Burchard 反应呈阳性。1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)δ:
3.63(2H,s,-CH2OH),2.39(1H,m),2.28(1H,q),2.25(1H,
q),1.96(1H,m),1.86(1H,m),1.76(1H,m),1.67(1H,dd),
1.13(3H,s),0.99(3H,s),0.98(3H,s),0.91(3H,s),0.88(3H,
d,J=6.5Hz),0.86(3H,s),0.72(3H,s);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125
MHz)δ:213.4(C-3),68.3(C-28),59.7(C-10),58.5(C-4),52.7
(C-8),42.1(C-5),41.8(C-2),41.5(C-6),39.7(C-18),39.6
(C-13),38.4(C-14),37. (C-9),35.7(C-11),35.4(C-17),34.7
(C-19),34.5(C-30),33.6(C-22),33.1(C-29),31.6(C-21),
31.5(C-15),30.4(C-12),29.4(C-16),28.4(C-20),22.5(C-1),
19.5(C-27),19.3(C-26),18.5(C-7),18.3(C-25),14.9(C-24),
图1 化合物1~7的结构式
··260
中国药房 2013年第24卷第3期 China Pharmacy 2013Vol.24No.3
7.1(C-23)。综合氢谱和碳谱信息并参考文献[18,20],确定化合物
5为3-氧代-28-羟基木栓烷。
化合物6:无色针状结晶(石油醚-乙酸乙酯),mp 258~
259℃,Liebermann-Burchard 反应呈阳性。ESI-MS 中准分子
离子峰(m/z):465.3702[M+Na]+,calcd. 465.3703,481.3452
[M+K]+,443. 893[M+H]+,因此确定其分子式为C30H50O2。IR
谱中示有羟基(3548cm-1)和羰基(1702cm-1);1H-NMR
(CDCl3,500MHz)δ:3.67(1H,dd,J=4.0,11.0Hz),2.79(1H,
m),2.37(1H,m),2.36(1H,m),2.27(1H,q),1.77(1H,m),
1.70(2H,m),1.18(3H,s),1.11(3H,s),1.01(3H,s),1.00(3H,
s),0.96(3H,s),0.92(3H,s),0.88(3H,d,J=7.0Hz),0.74(3H,
s);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ:213. (C-3),76.9(C-11),
60.1(C-10),58.1(C-4),52.8(C-8),44.1(C-9),43.1(C-5),
42.5(C-18),42. (C-6),42.0(C-12),41.6(C-2),41. (C-13),
39.2(C-22),38.2(C-14),35.9(C-16),35.4(C-19),35.0
(C-30),32.7(C-21),32.4(C-15),32.0(C-28),31.7(C-29),
30. (C-17),28.1(C-20),25.0(C-1),20.1(C-26),19.5(C-27),
17.9(C-7),14.8(C-24),12.9(C-25),6.9(C-23)。综合氢谱和碳
谱信息并参考文献[21],确定化合物6为3-氧代-11β-羟基木栓烷。
化合物7:无色针状结晶(石油醚-乙酸乙酯),mp 290~
292℃,Liebermann-Burchard 反应呈阳性。IR 谱中示有羟基
(3514cm-1)和羰基(1717cm-1);1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)
δ:3.90(1H,dd,J=4.5,11.5Hz),2.40(1H,m),2.28(1H,m),
2.24(1H,q),1.95(1H,m),1.90(1H,q),1.21(3H,s),1.05(3H,
s),1.04(3H,s),1.02(3H,s),0.96(3H,s),0.96(3H,s),0.88
(3H,d,J=7.0Hz),0.72(3H,s);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)
δ :212.8(C-3),73.1(C-12),59.4(C-10),58.2(C-4),52.9
(C-8),47.4(C-11),45.3(C-13),44.1(C-18),41.9(C-5),41.4
(C-2),41.2(C-6),40.4(C-14),39.6(C-22),38.7(C-19),38.2
(C-9),36.1(C-16),35.0(C-29),33.5(C-15),32.6(C-21),31.8
(C-28),31.7(C-30),30.8(C-17),28.4(C-20),22.3(C-1),20.5
(C-26),19.3(C-25),18.1(C-7),14.6(C-24),11.5(C-27),6.8
(C-23)。综合氢谱和碳谱信息并参考文献[8],确定化合物7为
3-氧代-12α-羟基木栓烷。
4 讨论
本研究从独子藤的茎中分离鉴定出7个化合物,其中化合
物1、4、5、6、7均为首次从该植物茎中分离得到。除化合物1
外,其余均为木栓烷型三萜类化合物(3-氧代木栓烷族类),这
些成分大多具有显著的药理活性。目前国内、外对独子藤的
研究较少,本研究结果可为开发和利用独子藤植物资源提供
借鉴和参考。
[本文受广东医学院科研项目(Q2011006)资助]
参考文献
[1] Sun CR,Hu HJ,Xu RS,et al. A new friedelane type trit-
erpene from Euonymus hederaceus[J]. Molecules,2009,
14(7):2650.
[2] 中国科学院《中国植物志》编辑委员会.中国植物志:第
45卷第3分册[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1999:126.
[3] 刘锡葵,吴大刚. 独籽藤中木栓烷三萜化学成分[J].中草
药,1993,24(8):395.
[4] 陈铭祥,李国成,魏佳纯,等.独子藤化学成分研究[J].中
成药,2011,33(4):651.
[ 5] Wang KW,Zhang H,Pan YJ. Novel triterpenoids from
Microtropis triflora with antitumor activities[J]. Helv Chi-
m Acta,2007,90(2):277.
[ 6] Chen K,Shi Q,Kashiwada Y,et al. Anti-AIDS agents,
6. Salaspermic acid,an anti-HIV principle from Tripteryg-
ium wilfordii,and the structure-activity correlation with
its related compound [J]. J Nat Prod,1992,55(3):340.
[ 7] Hiroshi N,Hideyo S,Teruhisa H,et al. Antitumor triter-
penes of Maytenus diversifolia[J]. Phytochemistry,1986,
25(2):479.
[8] Oliveira ML,Duarte LP,Silva GD,et al.3-Oxo-12alph-
a-hydroxyfriedelane from Maytenus gonoclada:structure
elucidation by 1H and 13C chemical shift assignments an- d
2D-NMR spectroscopy [J]. Magn Reson Chem,2007,45
(10):895.
[ 9] Patra A,Chaudhuri SK. Studies on triterpenoids:conver-
sion of friedelanones into some secofriedelanes [J]. Indian
J Chem,1989,28B:376.
[10] Govindachari TR,Viswanathan N,Pai BR,et al. Triter-
penes of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn [J]. Tetrahedron,
1967,23(4):1901.
[11] Nozaki H,Suzuki H,Lee KH,et al. Structure and stereo-
chemistry of maytenfolic acid and maytanfoliol,two new
antileukemic triterpenes from Maytenus dioversifolia:
X-ray crystal structures [J]. J Chem Soc,1982(Chem
Commun):1048.
[12] 汪茂田.区别齐墩果-12-烯和乌苏-12-烯三萜的13C-NMR
特征化学位移[J].有机化学,1988,8(4):352.
[13] 于德泉,杨峻山.分析化学手册:第7分册[M].2版. 北京:
化学工业出版社,1999:428、797.
[14] 邓才彬,谢庆娟,曲中堂.余甘子化学成分研究[J].中国药
房,2009,20(27):2120.
[15] Castola V,Bighelli A,Rezzi S,et al. Composition and
chemical variability of the triterpene fraction of dichloro-
methane extracts of cork(Quercus suber L.)[J]. Ind Crop
Prod,2002,15:15.
[16] 罗艺萍,赵兴堂,赵静峰,等. 细穗兔儿风的化学成分研
究[J].中国药房,2010,21(15):1396.
[17] Yang JH,Luo SD,Wang YS,et al. Triterpenes from Tr-
ipterygium wilfordii Hook[J]. J Asian Nat Prod Res,
2006,8(5):425.
[18] Hiroshi N,Hideyo S,Teruhisa H,et al. Antitumour triter-
penes of Maytenus diversifolla[J]. Phytochemistry,1986,
25(2):479.
[19] Franco Delle Monache,Giovanni B Marini-Bettòlo,Mas-
simo Pomponi,et al. Molecular and crystal structure of pr-
ionostemmadione,a new dioxofriedelane from Prionoste-
mma aspera[J]. J Chem Soc,1979(Perkin Trans1):2649.
[20] Ngouamegne ET,Fongang RS,Ngouela S,et al. Endo-
desmiadiol,a friedelane triterpenoid,and other antiplas-
modial compounds from Endodesmia calophylloides[J].
Chem Pharm Bull(Tokyo),2008,56(3):374.
[21] Chen MX,Wang DY,Guo J. 3-Oxo-11β-hydroxyfriedel-
ane from the roots of Celastrus monospermus[J]. J Chem
Res,2010,34(2):114.
(收稿日期:2012-02-04修回日期:2012-06-26)
··261