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金刚纂提取物对N-亚硝基二乙胺诱导小鼠肝癌的抗肝毒性作用(英文)



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DOI:10.3736/jcim20121115
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Sharma V,Janmeda P,Paliwal R,Sharma S.Antihepa-
totoxic activity of Euphorbia neriifolia extract against
N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in
mice.J Chin Integr Med.2012;10(11):1303-1309.
Sharma V,Janmeda P,Paliwal R,Sharma S.金刚纂
提取物对N-亚硝基二乙胺诱导小鼠肝癌的抗肝毒性
作用.中西医结合学报.2012;10(11):1303-1309.
Received April 11,2012;accepted May 22,2012;
published online November 15,2012.
Ful-text LinkOut at PubMed.Journal title in PubMed:
Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao.
Correspondence:Veena Sharma,Associate Professor;
Tel:+91-01438-228386;E-mail:drvshs@gmail.
com
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ISSN 1672-1977.Published by JCIM Press,Shanghai,China.
Original Experimental Research实验论著
Antihepatotoxic activity of Euphorbia nerifolia
extract against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced
hepatocarcinogenesis in mice
Veena Sharma1,Pracheta Janmeda1,Ritu Paliwal 1,Shatruhan Sharma2
1.Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Banasthali University,Banasthali 304022,Rajasthan,India
2.Maa Anandmayi Institute,Jaipur 302012,Rajasthan,India
OBJECTIVE:To scrutinize the protective role of hydroethanolic extract of Euphorbia nerifolia
leaves(HEEN)against N-nitrosodiethylamine(DENA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male
Swiss albino mice.
METHODS:Experimental mice were pretreated with 150 and400 mg/kg of HEEN,or 0.5%and
1%of butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA)as a standard for 14 d prior to the administration of a
single dose of 50 mg/kg of DENA.Levels of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome
(Cyt)P450 and Cyt b5,activities of reduced glutathione(GSH),glutathione-S-transferase
(GST),aspartate aminotransaminase(AST),alanine aminotransaminase(ALT)and alkaline
phosphatase(ALP),and total protein and cholesterol content in the liver tissues were measured
to determine the hepatotoxicity caused by DENA.
RESULTS:The levels of Cyt P450 and Cyt b5 were significantly increased,and GST and GSH
were significantly depleted after DENA treatment(P<0.01).The activities of AST,ALT and
ALP,and the total protein content were also significantly dropped of (P<0.01).The total
cholesterol level was markedly increased by DENA as compared with the normal group (P<
0.01).However,the pre-supplementation of HEEN showed a remarkable amelioration of these
abnormalities,and the levels of the antioxidant enzymes in the liver were significantly restored,
which exhibited the dose-dependent protective efect against DENA-induced hepatotoxicity.
CONCLUSION:HEEN exerts its chemopreventive efects by aleviating the xenbiotic enzymes
and enhancing the levels of antioxidants and biochemical assays in DENA-induced carcinogenesis
by reducing the formation of free radicals.
KEYWORDS:Euphorbia;diethylnitrosamine;xenobiotic;oxidative stress;butylated hydroxyanisole;
mice
·3031·中西医结合学报2012年11月第10卷第11期 Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine,November 2012,Vol.10,No.11
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 Hepatocarcinoma is the fifth most common cancer
in the world (representing up to 83% )and the
majority of patients with liver cancer die within
one year[1].Viral hepatitis infection,food additives,
alcohol,fungal toxins(aflatoxins),toxic industrial
chemicals,medicines,and air and water polutants
are the major risk factors of liver toxicity and can
cause liver damage,which has been recognized as
a toxicological problem[2].
 N-nitrosodiethylamine(C4H10N2O,DENA)is an
N-nitroso alkyl compounds present in environment
and food chain.Different types of foodstuffs,
alcoholic beverages and a few varieties of vegetables
are the principal sources of DENA[3].It is the
most important environmental hepatocarcinogen
that has been used as an initiating agent in some
phaseⅡ (initiation and promotion)protocols for
hepatocarcinogenic studies.It is metabolized to
reactive the electrophilic reactants that alter the
structure of DNA and form alkyl DNA adducts[4,5].
 Reactive oxygen species(ROSs)have been im-
plicated in the pathophysiology of various clinical
disorders.Chemoprevention involving the use of
synthetic antioxidants is known to ameliorate
oxidative damages,but they are suspected to have
some toxic effects such as carcinogenicity[6].In
the absence of reliable liver-protective drugs in
modern medicine,there are a number of medicinal
preparations in Ayurveda recommended for the
treatment of various ailments including hepatopathy.
 Euphorbia neriifolia (Euphorbiaceae)commonly
known asSehund or Siju"in Hindi andmilk
hedge"in English,is found throughout the Deccan
Peninsula of India and grows luxuriously around
the dry,hily,rocky areas of North,Central and
South India.Ayurveda describes the plant as bitter,
pungent,laxative,carminative,improving appetite
and useful in abdominal troubles,bronchitis,tumours,
loss of consciousness,delirium,leucoderma,piles,
inflammation,enlargement of spleen,anemia,ulcers
and fever[7].
 In spite of its various medicinal uses,a few systematic
studies in the literature regarding the pharmacological
effects of the extract of E.neriifolia leaves on
hepatocarcinoma have been reported.Therefore,the
aim of the present investigation was to validate the
inhibitory and protective properties of hydroethanolic
extract of Euphorbia nerifolialeaves(HEEN)against
DENA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice.
1 Materials and methods
1.1 Drugs and chemicals Al chemicals and materials
used in the study were of analytical reagent grade
and purchased from SRL,Merck,Ranbaxy,Himedia,
Qualigens and Suyog,India.DENA was purchased
from Sigma Chemical Co.,USA.
1.2 Preparation of plant extract E.neriifolia
leaves were colected from the medicinal garden of
Banasthali University,Banasthali,India,October,
2009,and were identified taxonomicaly at Krishi
Vigyan Kendra,Banasthali University,Banasthali,
India.The leaves were air-dried in shade and the
coarse powder(50 g)was placed in the Soxhlet
thimble with 70% ethanol (volume ratio)in a
250 mL flat bottom flask using Soxhlet apparatus.
The extracted mixture was concentrated at(50±
1)℃in a vacuum rotatory evaporator and then
freeze-dried at a low temperature at 5℃ (yield
20%of extract mixture,weight ratio)in an air-
tight container.The residue was designated as
hydroethanolic extract and used to assess the hep-
atoprotective activity.
1.3 Experimental animals Male Swiss albino
mice (Mus musculus)weighing approximately 15
to 30 g were procured from Chaudhary Charan
Singh Haryana Agricultural University,Hissar
(Haryana,India).The animals were acclimatized
for a month prior to experiment.Al experiments
were conducted on healthy adult male Swiss albino
mice weighing 20 to 30 g.Animals were maintained
under standard laboratory conditions at (22±
3)℃,relative humidity of 50%±5%and photo-
period of 12 h(12 to 12 h dark-light cycle).They
were housed in polypropylene cages throughout the
experiment and were provided with standard food
pelet(Hindustan Lever Ltd.)and drinking water
·4031· 中西医结合学报2012年11月第10卷第11期 Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine,November 2012,Vol.10,No.11
ad libitum.Experiments and protocols described in
the present study were approved by the Institutional
Animal Ethical Committee(IAEC)of Banasthali
University,Rajasthan(CPCSEA Reg.No:IAEC/
814 dtd.23/01/2010).
1.4 Treatment regime Adult Swiss albino mice
were divided into six groups with six in each.The
groups were as folows:group 1 served as control
group;group 2 received distiled water for 14 d
prior to a single dose of 50 mg/kg of DENA,and
served as DENA-treated control group;groups 3
and 4 respectively received 150 and 400 mg/kg of
HEEN for 14 d prior to being intoxicated with
50 mg/kg of DENA dissolved in 0.9% normal
saline;groups 5 and 6 respectively received 0.5%
and 1%of BHA for 14 d prior to being intoxicated
with 50 mg/kg of DENA dissolved in 0.9%normal
saline.
 The doses of DENA,standard antioxidant,and
plant extract were decided and selected on the basis
of lethal dose(LD50)calculated in the laboratory
and on the basis of other published reports[5,8,9].
The standard orogastric cannula was used for oral
administration.After 19 d,the mice were fasted
overnight and then sacrificed under light ether
anesthesia,and the liver lobules were dissected
out for various oxidative stress and biochemical
assays.Hepatic tissue was homogenized in0.1 mol/L
ice-cold sodium phosphate buffer(pH7.4)at 1to
4℃ (10%homogenate,weight/volume)using Potter
Elvehjem homogenizer and centrifuged at 11 180×g
for 15 min at 4℃in a cooling centrifuge.
1.5 Determination of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes
 Cytochrome(Cyt)P450 and Cyt b5 content was
assayed in the microsomal suspension by the method
of Omura and Sato[10],using an absorption coefficient
of 91 and 185 cm2/mmol,respectively.
1.6 Celular metabolic enzyme estimation The
enzyme levels were assayed using standard protocols.
Liver metabolic enzymatic antioxidant,namely,
glutathione-S-transferase (GST)was estimated by
the method of Habig et al
[11]and the activity of non-
enzymatic antioxidant,namely,reduced glutathione
(GSH)was measured by the method of Jolowet al
[12].
1.7 Biochemical analysis of the marker enzymes of
liver damage Biochemical analysis of aspartate
aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotrans-
ferase(ALT)levels was assayed by the method of
Reitman and Frankel[13]and alkaline phosphatase
(ALP)level was determined according to the pro-
tocol described in laboratory practical manual
[14].
Total protein content of various samples was estimated
by the method of Lowry et al
[15]using bovine serum
albumin as a standard.Total cholesterol level was
estimated using cholesterol as standard by the
method of Zak[16].
1.8 Statistical analysis The data were expressed
as mean±standard error of mean of three replicates.
The data were subjected to one-way analysis of
variance and the differences between samples
were determined by Tukeys multiple comparison
test using the computer-based program (Prism,
Graph pad).When P<0.01,it was considered to
have significant statistical difference.
2 Results
2.1 Effects of HEEN and BHA on xenobiotic
metabolizing enzymes Cyt P450 and Cyt b5 showed
a significant escalation which was above their
basal levels in their content in the carcinogenic
control group as compared with the normal
control group (P<0.01).As compared with
DENA-treated group,the enzyme levels were
significantly restored and improved in the groups
pretreated with 150 and 400 mg/kg of HEEN,
and 0.5% and 1% of BHA before the DENA
chalenge (P <0.01).Results revealed that
HEEN exhibited a dose-dependent activity.BHA
showed less significant effect as compared with
HEEN at both doses.See Table 1.
Table 1 Effects of HEEN and BHA on xenobiotic metabolizing
enzymes against DENA-induced hepatotoxicity
(Mean±standard error of mean,nmol/mg)
Group  n Cytochrome P450Cytochrome b5
Control  6  2.22±0.14  1.78±0.21
DENA(50mg/kg) 6  9.36±0.32** 6.14±0.26**
HEEN(150mg/kg)plus
DENA(50mg/kg)
6  5.54±0.18△△ 4.78±0.17△△
HEEN(400mg/kg)plus
DENA(50mg/kg)
6  3.96±0.18△△ 3.01±0.19△△
BHA(0.5%)plus DENA
(50mg/kg)
6  7.24±0.40△△ 5.21±0.25△△
BHA(1%)plus DENA
(50mg/kg)
6  5.93±0.26△△ 4.53±0.31△△
  **P<0.01,vs control group;△△P<0.01,vs DENA group.
DENA:N-nitrosodiethylamine;HEEN:hydro-ethanolic extract of
Euphorbia neriifolia;BHA:butylated hydroxyanisole.
2.2 Effects of HEEN and BHA on DENA-induced
hepatic oxidative stress and toxicity The activities
of GST and GSH were significantly decreased in
the liver of DENA-treated mice,as compared
with control group mice(P<0.01).The activity
of GST was significantly recovered and restored in
the groups treated with 150 and 400 mg/kg of
HEEN,and 0.5% and 1% BHA prior to being
intoxicated with DENA,as compared with DENA
group(P<0.01).And the GSH level was significantly
elevated after the pretreatment with HEEN and
BHA at both doses before the DENA chalenge
(P<0.01).See Table 2.
·5031·中西医结合学报2012年11月第10卷第11期 Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine,November 2012,Vol.10,No.11
Table 2 Effects of HEEN on enzymatic and non-enzymatic
antioxidant profile in DENA-induced hepatotoxicity in mice
(Mean±standard error of mean)
Group  n  GST(nmol/g)
GSH(nmol CDNB/
(min·mg protein))
Control  6  175.11±0.11  1.77±0.10
DENA(50mg/kg) 6  104.23±0.26** 1.07±0.13**
HEEN(150mg/kg)plus
DENA(50mg/kg)
6  158.37±0.10△△ 1.59±0.13△△
HEEN(400mg/kg)plus
DENA(50mg/kg)
6  171.61±0.07△△ 1.71±0.10△△
BHA(0.5%)plus DENA
(50mg/kg)
6  131.47±0.15△△ 1.36±0.09△△
BHA(1%)plus DENA
(50mg/kg)
6  151.12±0.12△△ 1.56±0.15△△
  **P<0.01,vs control group;△△P<0.01,vs DENA group.
DENA:N-nitrosodiethylamine;HEEN:hydro-ethanolic extract of
Euphorbia neriifolia;BHA:butylated hydroxyanisole; GST:
glutathione-S-transferase;GSH:reduced glutathione.
2.3 Effects of HEEN and BHA on hepatic biochemical
marker enzymes altered by DENA The activities
of AST,ALT and ALP and total protein content
was significantly decreased in the DENA-treated
mice,and the total cholesterol level of the DENA-
treated mice was significantly elevated,as compared
to the normal control group(P<0.01).However,
in groups treated with 150 and 400 mg/kg of
HEEN and 0.5%and 1%of BHA for 14 d prior
to being treated with DENA,the activities of
AST,ALT and ALP and total protein content
were significantly elevated as compared to those
of the DENA group (P<0.01).The levels of
total cholesterol were significantly dropped off in
the mice treated with 150 and 400 mg/kg of
HEEN,and 0.5% and 1% of BHA before the
treatment with DENA,when compared with the
DENA-treated mice(P<0.01).See Table 3.
Table 3 Effects of HEEN and BHA on liver marker enzymes against DENA-induced hepatic toxicity in mice
(Mean±standard error of mean)
Group  n  AST(IU/L ) ALT(IU/L)
ALP(μmol PNP/
(min爛g))
Total protein
(g/mL)
Total cholesterol
(mg/g)
Control  6  43.22±0.08  57.31±0.06  37.73±0.10  5.45±0.07  61.32±0.07
DENA(50mg/kg) 6  13.71±0.15** 23.21±0.22** 11.03±0.14** 1.87±0.23** 102.11±0.21**
HEEN(150mg/kg)plus
DENA(50mg/kg)
6  35.53±0.05△△ 44.37±0.05△△ 29.64±0.13△△ 4.01±0.17△△ 78.26±0.09△△
HEEN(400mg/kg)plus
DENA(50mg/kg)
6  41.21±0.03△△ 54.32±0.06△△ 34.33±0.08△△ 4.85±0.15△△ 66.31±0.12△△
BHA(0.5%)plus DENA
(50mg/kg)
6  21.23±0.08△△ 33.53±0.03△△ 19.46±0.04△△ 3.21±0.22△△ 91.56±0.07△△
BHA(1%)plus DENA
(50mg/kg)
6  27.42±0.08△△ 38.76±0.06△△ 22.32±0.11△△ 3.78±0.21△△ 87.35±0.12△△
  **P<0.01,vs control group;△△P<0.01,vs DENA group.DENA:N-nitrosodiethylamine;HEEN:hydroethanolic extract of Euphorbia
neriifolia;BHA:butylated hydroxyanisole.AST:aspartate aminotransferase;ALT:alanine aminotransferase;ALP:alkaline phosphatase.
3 Discussion
 Pragmatic results accomplished the objective of
current investigation by modulating the enzyme
levels against DENA intoxication.The plant E.
neriifolia was found quite effective in removing
the toxicity induced by DENA.
 The production of phaseⅠenzymes is measured as a
cancer risk factor.Cyt P450 is a heme-thiolate
and found in greatest concentration in smooth
endoplasmic reticulum of hepatic cels.Another
membrane-bound low-spin heme protein is Cyt b5,
which acts as an electron-transfer mediator in several
redox pathway,and interacts in vivo with a number
of redox partners[17].DENA exerts its toxic effect
after bioactivation by biotransformation enzymes.
The hydroxylation reaction for DENA leads to
consequent production of ethyl diazonium salts as
wel as dinitrogen[18].Since this alkylation is quite
simple and rapid,it was inferred that its alkylation
represents the local level of bio-activation capacity
because the diazonium ion formed is too reactive to
be transported to other organs in sufficient amount.
This activation leads to DNA adduct formation
laicaly,which can result in mutation and ultimately
lead to damage in the form of micronucleus for-
mation[19].Observed results showed that HEEN
pretreatment significantly improved the levels of
the measured components of Cyt P450 system (Cyt
P450 and Cyt b5).Thus,the HEEN by virtue of
its action as inducer of Cyt P450 may be speculative
of acting as blocking agent.
  GSH is the major cytosolic thiol compound
which plays important celular functions ranging
from the control of physicochemical properties of
celular proteins,levels of active forms ofβ-carotene,
ascorbic acid andα-tocopherol,and peptides to the
detoxification of hydrogen peroxide,lipid peroxides
and free radicals[20,21].However,when the balance
between these species and antioxidants is altered,
the state of oxidative stress possibly results in
permanent celular damage.Administration of DENA
caused depletion of GSH,which may be responsible
for the increased lipid peroxidation[3].Pretreatment
with HEEN and BHA increased the GSH content
in the liver as compared to the animals treated with
DENA alone,and could prevent DENA-induced
hepatocarcinogenesis in mice.This may be due to
·6031· 中西医结合学报2012年11月第10卷第11期 Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine,November 2012,Vol.10,No.11
the decreased expression of these antioxidants during
hepatocelular damage.
 Our study shows that mice treated with HEEN and
BHA prior to DENA administration improved the
activity of GST.This improvement may be resulted
from changing the tissue redox system by scavenging
the free radicals and improving the antioxidant status.
 Aminotransferases contribute a group of enzymes
that catalyze the inter-conversion of amino acids
andα-keto acids by the transfer of amino groups.
These are liver-specific enzymes,and are considered
to be very sensitive and reliable indices for necessary
hepatotoxic effects of various compounds.ALP is
a membrane-bound glycoprotein enzyme with a
high concentration in sinusoids and endothelium[22].
It is known that N-nitroso compounds act as strong
carcinogens in various mammals including primates
[23].
The drop off of these enzyme levels in tissue could
potentialy be attributed to the release of these
enzymes from the cytoplasm into the blood circu-
lation after rupture of the plasma membrane and
celular damage and lead to a marked elevation in
the levels of these enzymes including AST,ALT
and ALP,which is indicative of hepatocelular
damage in serum[9,24].
 In this study,we also demonstrated that the
oral administration of DENA to mice escorted to
a marked decline in the levels of AST,ALT and
ALP which is indicative of toxic effect of DENA
in the hepatic tissue.Administration of HEEN to
DENA-treated mice showed the restoration of
AST,ALT and ALP activities.Such reverse in
liver marker enzyme activities could be attributed
to the ability of HEEN to inhibit the hepatic
P450IIE1 activity,presumably by serving as a
competitive inhibitor,leading to a decrease in the
formation or bioactivation of these nitrosamines.
We have already reported that administration of E.
nerifolia significantly restored the activity of liver
and kidney oxidative stress markers such as lipid
peroxidation,superoxide dismutase and catalase
in DENA-induced mice[5,8].
 Decrease in total protein level was observed in
the liver of the DENA-treated mice.At both dose
levels(150 and400 mg/kg body weight),the reduc-
tion of the enzyme levels in a dose-dependant
manner and the increase of total protein level by
HEEN indicate the hepatoprotective activity as
stimulation of protein synthesis accelerating the
regeneration process and the protection of liver
cels.We also demonstrated that the total cholesterol
level was augmented after intake of DENA and
the bile acids synthesis inhibition was reversed.
This is due to the inhibition of bile acids synthesis
from cholesterol,which is synthesized in liver,
leading to elevation in cholesterol level.
 The possible mechanism of hepatocarcinoma
protection against DENA-induced hepatotoxicity
by HEEN may be due to the presence of higher
content of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids,
alkaloids,saponins,triterpenoids and other known
active ingredients[7,25,26],and is mediated through
antioxidant action or free radical scavenging activities
which provides maximum conjugation with free
radical species,thus reducing the number of free
radicals available as wel as oxidative stress-related
diseases of major organ such as liver[27].Antioxidants
have the capacity to scavenge the free radicals
directly or to interfere with the generation of free
radical events which results in the inhibition of
neoplastic process.Ohkawa et al[28]reported that
free radicals play an important role in the complex
course of multistep carcinogens.Antioxidant enzymes
are altered during the carcinogenesis or after tumor
formation.Al these compounds such as flavonols,
flavonids and steroids are likely responsible for an
enhancement of the antioxidant capacity of plasma
in humans[29],thereby modulating the systemic
antioxidant defense system.Equaly,saponins present
in E.neriifolia have been reported to protect liver
and renal from toxicity[30].Another approach of
chemoprevention is the elevation of antioxidant
defense that can combat the oxidative stress produced
by ROS,which often leads to mutation and cancer.
 E.nerifolia contains a wide range of active ingre-
dients and restores the enzymes which indicates the
therapeutic implication of E.nerifolia to patients
and scientific community.It can be used safely for
longer duration as a cheap source of active therapeutics
for aleviation of commonly occurring ailments by
the poor and under-previleged people in India.
4 Conclusion
 E.neriifolia could mediate its anticarcinogenic
activity by modulating the activities of AST,ALT
and ALP,total protein content and total cholesterol
level,and could increase GSH and GSH-dependent
enzymes.The global changing scenario is showing
a tendency towards the uses of plant products having
good traditional medicinal background.But the
major limitation with E.neriifoliais that it is not
dietary edible plant,thus the isolation and purifi-
cation of active ingredient from this plant consti-
tutes future research.Further studies are in pro-
gress in our laboratory to evaluate the potential of
E.neriifolia ingredients in counteracting DENA-
induced oxidative stress,cytotoxic effects and
carcinogenicity which would suggest the plausible
clinical applications of it.
5 Acknowledgements
 The authors are grateful to the University Grants
Commission for providing financial assistance.
The authors are also thankful to the authorities of
Banasthali University for providing facility to
conduct this study.
6 Competing interests
 The authors declare that they have no competing
interests.
·7031·中西医结合学报2012年11月第10卷第11期 Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine,November 2012,Vol.10,No.11
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金刚纂提取物对N-亚硝基二乙胺诱导小鼠肝癌的抗肝毒性作用
Veena Sharma1,Pracheta Janmeda1,Ritu Paliwal 1,Shatruhan Sharma2
1.Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Banasthali University,Banasthali 304022,Rajasthan,India
2.Maa Anandmayi Institute,Jaipur 302012,Rajasthan,India
目的:通过N-亚硝基二乙胺(N-nitrosodiethylamine,DENA)诱导白化小鼠肝癌,研究金刚簒水乙醇提取物
抗小鼠肝毒性的作用。
方法:在给予实验小鼠口服50mg/kg的DENA两周前,先予150或400mg/kg金刚簒水乙醇提取物或浓度
为0.5%或1%的丁基羟基茴香醚(butylated hydroxyanisole,BHA)连续灌胃。测定各组小鼠肝脏内细胞
色素(cytochrome,Cyt)P450及 b5,还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH)、谷胱甘肽转移酶
(glutathione-S-transferase,GST)以及肝组织天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransaminase,AST)、
丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransaminase,ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性及总
胆固醇和蛋白质含量。
结果:口服50mg/kg的DENA可显著降低Cyt P450、Cyt b5以及GSH、GST的浓度(P<0.01),肝组织
AST、ALT、ALP活性和总蛋白含量也显著降低(P<0.01),但总胆固醇含量显著增加。经150或400mg/kg
金刚簒水乙醇提取物预处理14d的实验小鼠,其由DENA诱发的各项组织生化指标异常发生显著逆转
(P<0.01)。
结论:金刚簒水乙醇提取物可通过提高细胞抗氧化活性、减少自由基的生成来减少致癌物DENA造成的肝
脏损伤。
关键词:大戟属;二乙基亚硝胺;异生物质;氧化应激反应;丁羟茴香醚;小鼠
·9031·中西医结合学报2012年11月第10卷第11期 Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine,November 2012,Vol.10,No.11