全 文 ：Journal of Forestry Research, 18(2): 128−132 (2007) 128
DOI: 10.1007/s11676-007-0025-9


Inhibitory effects of Albizia lebbeck leaf extracts on germination and growth
behavior of some popular agricultural crops

Mohammad Belal Uddin1*, Romel Ahmed1, Sharif Ahmed Mukul1, Mohammed Kamal Hossain2
1 Department of Forestry, School of Agriculture and Mineral Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
2 Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to observe the inhibitory effects of the leaf extracts derived from Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. on
germination and growth behavior of some popular agricultural crops (receptor) of Bangladesh. Experiments were set on sterilized pet-
ridishes with a photoperiod of 24 h at room temperature of 27−30°C. The effects of the different concentrations of aqueous extracts were
compared to distil water (control.). The aqueous extracts of leaf caused significant inhibitory effect on germination, root and shoot elonga-
tion and development of lateral roots of receptor plants. Bioassays indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentra-
tions of the extracts and higher concentration (50%-100%) had the stronger inhibitory effect whereas the lower concentration (10%-25%)
showed stimulatory effect in some cases. The study also revealed that, inhibitory effect was much pronounced in root and lateral root de-
velopment rather than germination and shoot growth.
Keywords: Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.; Allelopathic effect; Leaf extracts; Germination; Growth behavior


Introduction

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (Mimosaceae) is a medium-sized to
large deciduous tree that reaches 30 m in height in tropical rain
forests. The tree develops a straight bole when growing in dense
forests, but it is spreading and low branching in the open. Unless
coppiced frequently, trees will annually produce an abundance of
seed from papery pods about 20 cm long and 3 cm wide (Prinsen
1988). The species is native to India, Myanmar and the Andaman
Island and naturalized in many other tropical and subtropical
areas (Streets 1962). In these regions A. lebbeck, also known as
Siris or Indian Siris, grows in a wide range of climates, cov-
ering an annual rainfall range of 600-2 500 mm. However, it also
has been grown successfully in areas with an annual rainfall as
low as 400 mm. The species is adapted to a wide range of soil
types, from acid soils to alkaline and saline conditions (Prinsen
1986). In Bangladesh, A. lebbeck is planted in roadsides as shade
tree, in village forests for fuel wood production and in front
school or college premises as ornamental tree. Although, the
species grows on all types of soils of Bangladesh, but frequently
planted on the northern and southern parts of the country (Khan
et al. 1996; Das et al. 2001) especially on the wet damped soils
of the village areas of greater Barishal, Patuakhali and Noakhali
district. Pulp of the pod is sweet and sugary when ripe, much

Received: 2006-12-29; Accepted : 2007-01-03
© Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag 2007
Electronic supplementary material is available in the online version of this
article at http://dxdoi.org/10.1007/s11676-007-0025-9
Biography: Mohammad Belal Uddin (1976-), male, Assistant Professor in
Department of Forestry, School of Agriculture and Mineral Sciences, Shah-
jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
* Corresponding author: Mohammad Belal Uddin (E-mail:
belal-for@sust.edu; belal405@yahoo.com)
Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

relished by the children and also eaten by cows (NAS 1979).
Leaves used as cattle fodder (Benthal 1933). For this reason it is
being incorporated in various traditional agroforestry programs
as an associated species but it seems that it has some suppressive
effect on agricultural crops and ground vegetation which might
have been caused by secondary metabolites (allelochemicals)
either from fallen leaves or plant leachates or root exudates.
Many species within the leguminosae family contain secondary
plant products that have allelopathic potential (Rice 1984). The
test of allelopathy in A. lebbek has not yet been investigated,
although much research of leguminous plants has been carried
out in many parts of the world (see; Swaminathan et al. 1989;
Rizvi et al. 1990; Koul et al. 1991; Chaturvedi and Jha 1992;
Chou 1992; Jadhab and Gaynar 1992; Joshi and Prakash 1992;
Singh and Nadal 1993). Since, the occurrence of A. lebbeck in
natural agro-ecosystems shows some suppressive effect on agri-
cultural crops as well as on ground vegetation which conse-
quently indicated a possible allelopathic influence exerted by A.
lebbeck so, before selecting as a tree in agroforestry system, it is
essential to check its allelopathic compatibility in natural
agro-ecosystem (King 1979; Gaba 1987 and Uddin et al. 2000).
The purpose of our present study was to elucidate the inhibitory
effects of different concentration of leaf extracts of A. lebbeck on
different popular agricultural crops in Bangladesh.

Materials and methods

Test environment and plants used in the experiment

Our experiments were set at a room temperature of about
27 30ºC. A. lebbeck was the donor plant for the experiment.
Besides, the following agricultural crops were considered as the
receptors; Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. (Indian mustard), Cucumis
sativus L. (Cucumber), Phaseolus mungo L. (Black gram), Rap-
hanus sativus L. (Radish), and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
(Cow pea). These species are common among the agricultural
crops and frequently planted in most of the country’s agrofor-
Mohammad Belal Uddin et al. 129
estry plots. For this cause we selected them as the receptor
plants.

Preparation of the A. lebbeck plant extracts and treatments

The aqueous extracts for the experiment were prepared from the
fresh leaf of A. lebbeck plant. For the preparation of extracts 100
gram of fresh leaves of the species were soaked in 500 mL of
distilled water and kept at room temperature of 27−30°C without
allowing any possible chemical changes. After 24 hours the
aqueous extract was filtered through the sieve and then some
extracts were diluted to make the concentration of 10%, 25%,
50% and 75% (on the basis of volume) and stored for seed
treatment experiments. The following treatments were used in
the experiment:
T0- Seeds of receptor plants grown in distil water only (Con-
trol);
T1- Seeds of receptor plants grown in leaf extracts of 10%
concentration;
T2- Seeds of receptor plants grown in leaf extracts of 25%
concentration;
T3 - Seeds of receptor plants grown in leaf extracts of 50%
concentration;
T4- Seeds of receptor plants grown in leaf extracts of 75%
concentration;
T5- Seeds of receptor plants grown in leaf extracts of 100%
concentration.

Germination and growth records

The experiment extended over a period of ten days to allow the
last seed germination and the measurement of the shoot and root
length. The germination test was carried out in sterile petridishes
of 12 cm in size placing a Whatman No.3 filter paper on pet-
ridishes. The extract of each concentration was added to each
petridish of respective treatment daily in such an amount just to
wet the seed. The control was treated with distilled water only.
20 seeds of each agricultural crop were placed in the petridish
and each treatment was replicated five times. The germination
was recorded daily and the seeds were considered as germinated
when the radicle emerged.

Measuring germination and growth values

The results of the experiment were determined by counting the
number of germinated seeds, number of lateral roots and meas-
uring the length of primary root and main shoot on 10th day of
the experiment. The data were subjected to analysis of variance
and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). We calculated the
ratio of germination and elongation of treatments as suggested by
Rho and Kil (1986).

R = (T / Tr) × 100 (1)

where, R is the relative ratio, T the test ratio of treatment plant,
and Tr the test ratio of control.

Calculations of inhibitory effect

The percentage of inhibitory effect on germination and growth
parameters of treatment plants to control was calculated as per
formula evolved by Surendra and Pota (1978):

I = 100 - (E2 × 100/E1) (2)

where, I is % inhibition, E1 the response of control plant, and E2
the response of treatment plant.

Results

Germination

The germination percentage of the five-receptor plants is shown
in Table1. The study revealed that the highest inhibition was
exerted by T5 treatment in all cases except in V. unguiculata.
Among the survivors, the highest inhibitory effect (–98.33%)
was recorded from B. juncea at T5 treatment. While the lowest
(-1.67%) was from B. juncea at T2 treatment. The maximum
(128.57%) Relative Germination Ratio (RGR) was found in C.
sativus at T1 treatment while the minimum (1.67%) was found in
B. juncea at T5 treatment (Fig. 1).

Table 1. Germination percentage of receptor agricultural crops to distil water (T0) and different concentrations of A. lebbeck leaf extracts (T1-T5).
Values in the parenthesis indicate the inhibitory (-) or stimulatory (+) effects in comparison to control (T0) treatments
Agricultural crops Treatment
C. sativus R. sativus V. unguiculata P. mungo B. juncea
T0 70.00 bc 83.33 a 98.33 a 98.33 a 100.00 a
T1 90.00 a
*; (+28.57) 85.00 a; (+2.00) 83.33 ab; (-15.25) 96.67 a; (-1.69) 96.67 a; (-3.33)
T2 83.33 ab; (+19.04) 88.33 a; (+6.00) 70.00 bc; (-28.81) 96.67 a; (-1.69) 98.33 a; (-1.67)
T3 75.00 abc; (+7.14) 31.67 b; (-61.99) 73.33 bc; (-25.42) 91.67 a; (-6.77) 56.67 b; (-43.33)
T4 75.00 abc; (+7.14) 5.00 c; (-93.99) 25.00 d; (-74.58) 90.00 ab; (-8.47) 21.67 c; (-78.33)
T5 65.00 c(-7.14) 1.67 c; (-98.00) 56.67 c; (-42.37) 83.33 b; (-15.25) 1.67 d; (-98.33)
Notes: * Values in the columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (P≤0.05) according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT)


Shoot elongation

The average shoot lengths (cm) of the germinated seedlings of all
the receptor crops are shown in Table 2. Statistically pronounced
significant effect was found at T5 treatment followed by T3 and
T4 treatment in all cases and complete inhibition (-100%) of
shoot development was occurred in R. sativus and B. juncea at T4
and T5 treatment. Among the survivors, the highest inhibitory
effect (-99.40%) was found on B. juncea at T3 treatment while
the lowest (-0.75%) was on V. unguiculata at T1 treatment. The
highest stimulatory effect (+36.92%) was found in R. sativus at
T2 treatment followed by (+34.11%) on C. sativus at T1 treatment.
Maximum (136.92%) Relative Elongation Ratio (RER) of shoot
Journal of Forestry Research, 18(2): 128−132 (2007) 130
was observed maximum in R. sativus at T2 treatment while the minimum (0.59%) was in B. juncea at T3 treatment (Fig. 2).

Table 2. Shoot elongation (cm) of receptor agricultural crops to distil water (T0) and different concentrations of A. lebbeck leaf extracts (T1-T5)
Agricultural crops
Treatment
C. sativus R. sativus V. unguiculata P. mungo B. juncea
T0 7.27 b
* 6.69 b 17.37 a 17.32 a; 3.37 a;
T1 9.75 a; (+34.11) 7.18 b; (+7.32) 17.24 a; (-0.75) 17.15 a; (-0.98) 3.43 a; (+1.78)
T2 8.59 ab; (+18.16) 9.16 a; (+36.92) 18.27 a; (+5.18) 15.36 b; (-11.32) 2.92 a; (-13.35)
T3 3.63 c; (-50.07) 1.75 c; (-73.84) 15.76 a; (-9.27) 12.35 c; (-28.70) 2.00E-02 b; (-99.40)
T4 1.95 cd; (-73.18) 0.00 d; (-100) 6.47 b; (-62.75) 8.07 d; (-53.41) 0.00 b; (-100)
T5 0.71 d; (-90.23) 0.00 d; (-100) 6.77 b; (-61.02) 6.61d; (-61.84) 0.00 b; (-100)
Notes: * Values in the columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (P≤0.05) according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Values in the parenthesis indicate the inhibitory (-) or stimulatory (+) effects in comparison to control (T0) treatment


Root elongation

Root development was completely inhibited (-100%) in R. sati-
vus and B. juncea at T5 and T4 treatment. Among the survivors,
the highest inhibitory effect (-99.65%) was found in B. juncea at
T3 treatment followed by (-96.65%) on C. sativus at T5 treatment
while the minimum (-38.02%) was found in R. sativus at T1
treatment (Table 3). Maximum (117.83%) Relative Elongation
Ratio (RER) of root was found in C. sativus at T1 treatment
while the minimum (0.39%) was found in B. juncea at T3 treat-
ment (Fig. 3).

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Treatment
R
G
R
(
%
)
C. sativus R. sativus V. unguiculata
P. mungo B. juncea


Fig. 1 Relative germination ratio (RGR) of bioassay species grown in
petridishes at different concentrations of A. lebbeck leaf extracts

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Treatment
R
E
R
o
f
sh
oo
t
(%
)
C. sativus R. sativus V. unguiculata
P. mungo B. juncea


Fig. 2 Relative elongation ratio (RER) of shoot of bioassay species
grown in petridishes at different concentrations of A. lebbeck leaf
extracts

Development of lateral roots

Complete inhibition of lateral root development was found in R.
sativus and B. juncea at T4 and T5 treatment (Table 4). Among
the survivors, the highest inhibitory effect on lateral root devel-
opment was recorded from R. sativus (-96.34%) at T3 treatment
followed by C. sativus (-88.46) and V. unguiculata (-86.63%) at
T5 and T4 treatment respectively while the lowest inhibitory ef-
fect was found in P. mungo (-21.72%) at T1 treatment.

Table 3. Root elongation (cm) of receptor agricultural crops to distil water (T0) and different concentrations of A. lebbeck leaf extracts (T1-T5)
Agricultural crops Treatment
C. sativus R. sativus V. unguiculata P. mungo B. juncea
T0 7.46 a
* 19.15 a 16.21 a 7.57 a 8.64 a
T1 8.79 a; (+17.83) 11.87 b; (-38.02) 4.91 b; (-69.71) 4.57 b; (-39.63) 4.58 b; (-46.99)
T2 2.99 b; (-59.92) 10.29 b; (-46.27) 4.71 b; (-70.94) 3.19 c; (-57.86) 0.93 c; (-89.24)
T3 1.52 b; (-79.63) 1.09 c; (-94.31) 4.39 b; (-72.92) 0.97 d; (-87.19) 3.33E-02 d; (-99.65)
T4 0.49 b; (-93.43) 0.00 c; (-100) 1.06 c; (-93.46) 0.45 d; (-94.06) 0.00 d; (-100)
T5 0.25 b; (-96.65) 0.00 c; (-100) 1.27 c; (-92.17) 0.31 d; (-95.90) 0.00 d; (-100)
Notes: * Values in the columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (P≤0.05) according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Values in the parenthesis indicate the inhibitory (-) or stimulatory (+) effects in comparison to control (T0) treatments
Mohammad Belal Uddin et al. 131
Table 4. Number of lateral roots developed in receptor agricultural crops to distil water (T0) and different concentrations of A. lebbeck leaf ex-
tracts (T1-T5).
Agricultural crops Treatment
C. sativus R. sativus V. unguiculata P. mungo B. juncea
T0 16.73 ab 40.13 a 41.87 a 14.73 a 7.20 a
T1 24.87 a
*; (+48.66) 22.53 b; (-43.86) 18.47 b; (-55.89) 11.53 b; (-21.72) 4.87 b; (-32.36)
T2 11.33 bc; (-32.28) 20.53 b; (-48.84) 15.60 b; (-62.74) 8.20 c; (-44.33) 1.87 c; (-74.03)
T3 8.73 bc; (-47.82) 1.47c; (-96.34) 16.20 b; (-61.31) 6.47 cd; (-56.08) 0.00 d; (-100)
T4 4.40 c; (-73.70) 0.0 c; (-100) 5.60 c; (-86.63) 5.20 cd; (-64.70) 0.00 d; (-100)
T5 1.93 c; (-88.46) 0.00 c; (-100) 9.07 c; (-78.34) 4.60 d; (-68.77) 0.00 d; (-100)
Notes: * Values in the columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (P≤0.05) according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Values in the parenthesis indicate the inhibitory (-) or stimulatory (+) effects in comparison to control (T0) treatments

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Treatment
R
E
R
o
f
ro
ot
(
%
)
C. sativus R. sativus V. unguiculata
P. mungo B. juncea
Fig. 3 Relative elongation ratio (RER) of root of bioassay species
grown in petridishes at different concentrations of A. lebbeck leaf
extracts

Discussion

The experiment revealed that, the different concentration of leaf
extract inhibits the germination of crop seeds to a certain extent
which in some cases found to causes complete inhibition of the
species. Overall growth rate of seedlings was also reduced in
almost all the treatments compared to control. The survivors
exhibited varying degree of necrosis and chlorosis, thin and
grayish in color. Many seedlings lost their ability to develop
normally as a result of reduced radicle elongation and root ne-
crosis. So, it was inferred that, the inhibition of seed germination
and seedling growth is dependent on the concentration i.e. inhi-
bition was more as the concentration increased. These findings
coincided with the report of Daniel (1999), who reported that
Allelopathy includes both promoting and inhibitory activities and
is a concentration-dependent phenomenon. Mortality of the seed-
lings and reduced vigor under laboratory conditions indicated the
accumulation of toxic substances (allelopathic potential) of the
donor plant is harmful to the growth of seedlings of receptor
plants. These findings correlated with the report of Chou (1992),
Waller (1987), Rice (1984), Chou and Kuo (1984) and Chou and
Waller (1980), who found that many species within the Legumi-
nosae family contain secondary plant products that have allelo-
pathic potential. Response of the bioassay species to the aqueous
extracts varied among the five species. Considering the overall
treatment among the five bioassay species the C. sativus was the
least sensitive to the aqueous extract followed by P. mungo and
V. unguiculata while R. sativus and B. juncea was the most sen-
sitive. Marked reduction in root length was noticed in most of
the seedlings compared to shoot length and germination. This
result also coincided with the result of Swami Rao and Reddy
(1984) who found the inhibitory effect of leaf extracts of Euca-
lyptus (hybrid) on the germination of certain food crops. Zack-
risson and Nilsson (1992) supported higher sensitivity of root
growth than seed germination. So, it may be concluded that the
water soluble leachates from the fresh leaves of A. lebbeck has
the allelopathic potential that reduce the germination as well as
suppress the growth and development of agricultural crops. Al-
lelopathics are often due to synergistic activity of allelochemicals
rather than to single compounds (Williamson 1990). Under field
conditions, additive or synergistic effects become significant
even at low concentrations (Einhelliing and Rasmussen 1978).
However, while the potential of an allelopathic influence exist, it
exists as a part of ecological but not so prominent as to be sin-
gled out as the most important factor affecting stand characteris-
tics as in the case of some other system (Rice 1984). Though
laboratory bioassays in allelopathic research are of great impor-
tance, long-term field studies must be recommended to carry out
before incorporating A. lebbeck in any agroforestry system.

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Chinese Abstracts
关键词：叶表皮细胞；气孔器；表皮毛；生态适应; 忍冬；
华南忍冬; 忍冬属
CLC number: Q944.56 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)02-0103-06

07-02-005
长白山高山冻原生态系统碳储量和碳动态研究/王涌翔，魏晶，
吴钢，姜萍，王宏昌（中国科学院生态环境研究中心，城市与区
域生态国家重点实验室，北京100085） // Journal of Forestry
Research . −2007, 18(2): 109-113.
本研究分析了长白山高山冻原植被-凋落物-土壤生态系统的
碳储量和碳动态。冻原植被中年净储存有机碳约 17251 t；凋落
物中有机碳储量为 15043.1 t，凋落物中有机碳储量空间分布格
局：TA>LA>MA>SA>FA；冻原土壤(0~20 cm)中年均储存有机
碳为 1054 t·a-1，土壤中有机碳储量为 3.16×105 t；每年约有 1.4×104
t·a-1土壤有机碳通过土壤呼吸释放到大气圈。植被－凋落物－土
壤系统共储存碳 452624 t。长白山高山冻原年均固碳为 3146 t·a-1。
图 2表 3参 17。
关键词：碳储量；碳动态；高山冻原；长白山
CLC number: S718.554 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)02-0109-05

07-02-006
半干旱区农田和草地与大气间二氧化碳和水热通量的模拟研究/
姜纪峰, 延晓冬(中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域气候－环
境重点实验室，全球变化东亚区域研究中心，北京 100029), 黄
耀 (中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家
重点实验室，北京 10002), 郭维栋(中国科学院大气物理研究所
东亚区域气候－环境重点实验室，全球变化东亚区域研究中心，
北京 100029), 刘辉志 (中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层
物理和大气化学国家重点实验室，北京 10002)// Journal of For-
estry Research . −2007, 18(2): 114-118.
集成生物圈模型（IBIS）是目前最复杂的基于动态植被模型
的陆面生物物理模型之一。应用该模型对国际 CEOP计划半干旱
区基准站之一的吉林通榆观测站（44°25′N , 122°52′E）草
地和农田生态系统 2003 年全年的 CO2和水、热通量变化进行模
拟，并将结果与涡度相关法测定的观测值进行了对比分析，以检
验 IBIS 模型在半干旱区的模拟能力。对比结果表明：除 CO2通
量模拟结果不够理想外，IBIS模型较好地模拟了通榆观测站的感
热通量和潜热通量。总体上看，该模型对农田生态系统模拟的偏
差小于对退化草地的模拟。图 7参 22。
关键词：集成生物圈模型；二氧化碳通量；感热通量；潜热通量；
农田生态系统；草地生态系统；
CLC number: P461.7 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)02-0114-05

07-02-007
在长白山生态系统中长期的高浓度CO2熏蒸对土壤酶的影响/辛
丽花（沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院，沈阳110161；中科院沈阳
应用生态研究所，沈阳110016），韩士杰(中科院沈阳应用生态
研究所，沈阳 110016)，李莉 (沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院，
沈阳 110161; 辽宁省微生物研究院，朝阳122000，），周玉梅，
郑俊强(中科院沈阳应用生态研究所，沈阳 110016) // Journal of
Forestry Research . −2007, 18(2): 119-122.
从 1999 年到 2006 年在中科院长白山森林生态系统定位站
（42°24N，128°28E，海拔 738m）对长期高浓度 CO2熏蒸对土
壤酶活性的影响进行了研究。采用开顶箱（OTC）的方式对红松
和长白松进行高浓度CO2处理， CO2浓度分别受控于高浓度CO2
箱（500 µmol⋅mol-1）、对照箱 (370 µmol⋅mol-1)和裸地（370
µmol⋅mol-1）。经高浓度 CO2（500 µmol⋅mol-1）熏蒸 8年后，土壤
样品分别在 2006 年春季、夏季和秋季进行采集和分析。结果表
明：在高 CO2浓度（500 µmol mol-1）条件下，转化酶活性除了
红松夏季样品之外都是显著降低的；而脱氢酶活性却是增加的，
但只有部分结果显著；长白松的多酚氧化酶活性都显著降低；过
氧化氢酶活性在春季增加，而在其他季节均降低。总而言之，在
高 CO2浓度条件下，土壤酶的活性与树种有关。图 2参 20。
关键词：CO2 浓度；土壤酶；转化酶；脱氢酶；过氧化氢酶；多
酚氧化酶
CLC number: S154.2 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)02-0119-04

07-02-08
林区 TM图像噪音消除方法的比较研究/赵正勇，王立海（东北林
业大学，哈尔滨 150040）//Journal of Forestry Research .−2007,
18(2): 123-127.
遥感图像会因成像系统和地理环境而产生噪音，这些噪音将
会影响从 TM图像中提取森林信息的精确性和有效性。消除噪音
对图像的分类十分重要。本研究的目的是评估应用 Landsat 5 TM
图像提取森林相关信息时，目前所使用的空间滤波处理方法的有
效性。对低通滤波、中值滤波、均值滤波、求和滤波、增强型自
适应滤波五种空间滤波方法做以检验。通过设计一系列的评估指
数，分析每种噪音消除方法的平滑能力、边界保持和增强能力。
基于所设计的评价指数和图片对比表明，对林区土地利用和森林
类型分类而言，求和滤波（D=1）和增强型自适应滤波是消除
Landsat 5 TM图像噪音的最有效的方法。图 1表 2参 29。
关键词：噪音消除；边界保持；增强型自适应滤波；TM图像
CLC number: S771.5 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)02- 123-05

07-02-009
含羞草叶子提取物对常见农作物种子萌发生长的抑制作用
/Mohammad Belal Uddin, Romel Ahmed, Sharif Ahmed Mukul
(Department of Forestry, School of Agriculture and Mineral Sci-
ences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114,
Bangladesh), Mohammed Kamal Hossain (Institute of Forestry and
Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University, Chittagong 4331,
Bangladesh) //Journal of Forestry Research .−2007, 18(2): 128-132.
观察了含羞草叶子提取物对孟加拉常见农作物种子萌发生
长的抑制作用。实验在 27-30°C 的室温和 24 小时的光照条件下
进行。结果表明：不同浓度的含羞草叶子提取物明显影响所选的
植物种子根，茎和侧根的延长和生长。生物学测定表明：高浓度
（50%-100%）的提取物有较强的抑制作用。而低浓度 (10%-25%)
的提取物的抑制作用较弱。研究还显示，提取物对植物根和侧根
的抑制作用比对种子萌发和茎的生长抑制作用更显著。图 3表 4
参 29。
关键词：含羞草; 抑制作用; 叶子提取物; 萌发; 生长作用
CLC number: S143.8 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)02-0128-05

07-02-010
超声波辅助提取脱脂红松仁中水溶性多糖的研究/陈小强, 张莹
(东北林业大学森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室，哈尔滨
150040)//Journal of Forestry Research . −2007, 18(2): 133-135.
采用超声波辅助提取法对脱脂红松仁中水溶性粗多糖的提
取工艺进行了研究。通过正交试验，分别考察了提取温度、液料
比、提取时间及醇沉浓度 4个因素对红松仁多糖提取率的影响，
得出优化的工艺条件:提取温度为 70℃，液料比为 20：1，提取
时间为 40 min，醇沉浓度为 80%，此条件下多糖的提取率为
3.65%，平均含量为 45.38%。结果表明，超声波辅助提取的效率
和含量均优于传统热水浸提法，且具有提取温度低、时间短及效
率高的优势。图 4表 4参 6。
关键词：超声波；脱脂红松仁；多糖；
CLC number: TQ91；Q946.3 Document code: A
Article ID: 1007−662X(2007)02-0133-03