免费文献传递   相关文献

Progress in research on primary production of esturies and bays

河口、海湾生态系统初级生产力研究进展


河口及海湾生态系统与大洋生态系统相比,其理化环境因子复杂多样,且易受近岸人类活动的影响,生态系统多样性更高。初级生产力是河口及海湾生态系统研究的重要内容之一,也是渔业资源评估、水环境评价及生态环境治理等方面的重要参数。本文综述了近十年来河口及海湾初级生产力相关研究所取得的成果与进展,并从河口及海湾水域影响初级生产力的主要环境因子、初级生产力的粒级结构、赤潮机理研究、初级生产力估算方法等方面的相关研究对河口及海湾初级生产力的特点进行归纳总结,并对现在相关水域初级生产力估算的技术发展和研究重点进行了探讨和展望。

Compared with the open marine ecosystem, the ecosystem of estuaries and bays have more diverse characters because of complicated environmental factors and anthropogenic impacts. Primary production is one of the research fields on the ecosystem of estuaries and bays, and is also an important factor on potential fishery evaluation, aquatic environmental assessment and management of environments. Research progress of primary production in estuaries and bays in the last 10 years are summarized. Detailed explanation and conclusion of recent reports on key environmental factors controlling primary production, the size fractionation of primary producer, the mechanism of red tides, evaluations of the primary production quantity are included in the paper in order to describe the characters and rules of the ecosystems, and discuss the development of assessment techniques and research focuses on primary production in the estuaries and bays.


全 文 : 万方数据
生态科学 23卷
的可能性远大于其它营养要素[9】。光照是海湾初级生
产力的另外一个重要的限制因素,由于天气因素、水
体浑浊程度等原因造成的光线不足均会影响浮游植物
初级生产【10。13】。在河口水域,由于同时受到淡水冲刷
及陆源输入的作用,其初级生产特征与其它水体相比
有着较大的差别。在内河口,由于受到河水径流的影
响,水体浑浊度高,浮游植物初级生产经常受到光照
的限制,而营养盐只起潜在的限制作用【141,在最大浑
浊带,浮游植物的光合作用能力较低,而细菌等异养
微生物生物量较高,异养活动活跃,并使该水域的净
初级生产力达到低值【l51。但也有学者认为河口最大浑
浊带的湍流混合过程增大了浮游植物细胞光合作用的
机会,加上重力环流造成的营养物质滞留、再悬浮过
程中底栖微藻对最大浑浊带水体中叶绿素的贡献以及
锋面的强烈辐合聚集作用使浮游植物在锋面附近出现
高值现象【l61。在外河口高盐度水域,水体透明度增加,
营养盐在这一水域起主要限制作用。而对于不同的河
口,限制初级生产力的营养盐也不相同【l卜19】。受到水
文环境等因素季节变化的影响,河口海湾的初级生产
力的限制因子常存在季节性变化,如在capeFear河
口,春季初级生产力受N和P的共同限制,而在夏季,
N为最主要的限制因子,在秋季和冬季,光照则成为
影响初级生产力的最重要因素【201。一般来说,过量的
N输入导致河口及海湾生态系统中出现P对初级生产
力潜在限制的情况[3,21,221。然而在有些水域,陆源P
的输入远高于N输入从而造成N成为潜在限制因素
¨81。有时在沿岸水域仍然被沿岸海流及外来水团的影
响所主导,人类活动对初级生产的影响并不明
FS显[2324】。例如在Funka湾,由于外海水团入侵湾内,
使水体环境发生物理及化学变化,并诱发水华f251。无
论对于海湾还是河口,浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食有
着重要意义,但此因素往往并非影响浮游植物初级生
产及其分布的首要因子【z61。
2.2初级生产者的粒级结构
微食物环中不同粒级浮游生物及其在生态系统中
的作用,越来越受到海洋生态学家的重视。粒径谱和
生物量谱概念的提出,旨在以能量生态学的观点和方
法将复杂生态系统简化为生物量谱的模型,以便从宏
观掌握海洋生态系统的状况及动态【27,28’481;而初级生
产的粒级结构研究,无论在生物量谱,还是微食物环
的研究中,都是不可缺少的基础环节。近年来,一些
粒径较小的浮游植物,包括蓝细菌、原绿球菌及微微
型光合真核生物等对初级生产力的贡献引起了海洋生
态学家的重视,如聚球藻在世界很多海区对总初级生
产力的贡献可达60%【571。近期研究结果表明,自养的
浮游植物大多遵循异速生长的理论,即浮游植物细胞
大小与同化系数之间存在着负相关,在近岸海湾,浮
游植物的粒级结构也有遵循这一规律的趋势;对近岸
的不同粒级结构的初级生产者及其对初级生产力的贡
献证明,但在受到环境扰动的情况下(如河口区混浊
度增加),这一规律将可能被打破。如在智利近岸的上
升流区,粒级小于8雎m的浮游植物的光合作用同化
系数明显大于粒径大于8雎m的浮游植物,但在夏季,
由于受到光照及营养盐的限制作用,这种规律就不明
显。因此,通过对比不同粒级及生物量范围可以更好
地理解初级生产力的变化情况f291。对于总体的初级生
产力的量值来说,一般较大个体浮游植物占优势的水
域,其水体初级生产力值也较高。这种现象与微微型
浮游植物占主导地位的大洋海区相一致。但由于不同
河口或海湾在水文、地理、化学环境等方面的差异,
不同大小的浮游植物对初级生产力所做的贡献也不尽
相同【2乳32】。在Monterey湾,浮游植物生物量与初级生
产力有很好的线性相关,而大型浮游植物的贡献在高
生物量及生产力时最明显,其在该水域同时是c及N
生产力的主要贡献者[3¨。在近岸河口及海湾,初级生
产者的粒级结构有季节性的变化[33】;在有些海区,初
级生产者的粒级分布与浮游生物种群的产氧及呼吸耗
氧的总体平衡有着重要的联系,而这反过来又控制有
机物的潜在输出[341。
2.3初级生产者与次级生产者的相互关系。
浮游植物的初级生产直接为次级生产提供营养来
源,并沿食物链向更上层能级传递。较大个体的浮游
动物,尤其是桡足类,被认为是最主要的次级生产者。
但近期的研究表明,细菌、鞭毛虫,纤毛虫及异养腰
鞭毛虫均可能是初级生产力的主要消耗者,如雨季时
在zallzibar岛沿岸,77%的总初级生产力通过异养的
鞭毛虫,纤毛虫及异养腰鞭毛虫至较高的营养级。中
型浮游动物的需C量中28%可以潜在地通过纤毛虫及
异养腰鞭毛虫来满足【5】。在Poio湾,湾内的初级生产
力及细菌生产力明显高于外海,而且,在湾内细菌生
产力换算成初级生产力的比例也明显高于外海【3"。在
河口的最大混浊带,初级生产受到抑制,而由于水体
有机碎屑的增多,细菌的生产力及其换算为初级生产
力的比值明显高于邻近的其它水域,并造成水体的异
养消耗超过了初级生产速率[15’36】。近岸水域初级生产
者的粒级结构将会影响到水域较低营养级的物质循环
过程是以微型食物环为主还是以经典食物链为主【56】;
同时,浮游动物及浮游植物食性的游泳生物的选择性
万方数据
万方数据
万方数据
万方数据
河口、海湾生态系统初级生产力研究进展
作者: 宋星宇, 黄良民, 石彦荣
作者单位: 宋星宇,黄良民(中科院南海海洋研究所热带海洋环境动力学重点实验室,广州,510301), 石
彦荣(江苏省泗洪县中学,宿迁,223900)
刊名: 生态科学
英文刊名: ECOLOGIC SCIENCE
年,卷(期): 2004,23(3)
被引用次数: 1次

参考文献(59条)
1.Veldhuis M J W;KraayGW Application of flow cytometry in marine phytoplankton research: current
applications and future perspectives 2000(02)
2.Le Pape O;DelamoY;Cann P Resistance of a semi-enclosed coastal ecosystem under increasing
nutrients inputs: The Bay of Brest (France), a semi-enclosed zone of western Europe[外文期刊]
1995(15)
3.BERNHARD A E;PeeleER Nitrogen limitation of phytoplankton in a shallow embayment in northern Puget
Sound[外文期刊] 1997(04)
4.Durbi A G;DurbinEG Effects of menhaden predation on plankton population in Narragansett Bay,Bhode
Island[外文期刊] 1998(03)
5.宁修仁 微型生物食物环 1997(03)
6.Caron D A;LimEL;Miceli G Grazing and utilization of chroococcoid cyanobacteria and heterotrophic
bacteria by protozoa in laboratory cultures and a coastal plankton community 1991(76)
7.Vives-Rego J;LebaronP;Nebe-Von C G Current and future applications of flow cytometry in aquatic
microbiology[外文期刊] 2000(04)
8.Lugomela C Ⅴ;JuliusA;Semesi A K Coastal resources of Bagamoyo District, Tanzania 1999
9.Wilkerson F P;DugdaleRC;Kudela R M Biomass and productivity in Monterey Bay,
California:contribution of the large phytoplankton 2000(5-6)
10.Tilstone G H;FigueirasFG;Fermin E G Significance of nanophytoplankton photosynthesis and primary
production in a coastal upwelling system (Ria de Vigo, NW Spain)[外文期刊] 1999(183)
11.Kromkamp J;PeeneJ Estimation of phytoplankton photosynthesis and nutrient limitation in the
Eastern Scheldt estuary using variable fluorescence[外文期刊] 1999(01)
12.Telesh ⅠⅤ;AlimovAF;Golubkov S M Response of aquatic communities to anthropogenic stress:a
comparative study of Neva Bay and the eastern Gulf of Finland[外文期刊] 1999(1-3)
13.Herbert R A Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine ecosystems[外文期刊] 1999(05)
14.Caffrey J M;CloemJE;Grenz C Changes in production and respiration during a spring phytoplankton
bloom in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Implications for net ecosystem metabolism[外文期刊]
1998(172)
15.Sivadasan K K;JosephKJ Potential productivity of microbenthic algae in Cochin estuary 1998(1-2)
16.Yang D F;ZhangJ;Lu J B Examination of silicate limitation of primary production in Jiaozhou
Bay,China Ⅰ. Silicate being a limiting factor of phytoplankton primary production[外文期刊]
2002(03)
17.Labry C;HerblandA;Delmas D The role of phosphorus on planktonic production of the Gironde plume
waters in the Bay of Biscay[外文期刊] 2002(02)
18.Serodio J;CatarinoF Modelling the primary productivity of intertidal microphytobenthos: Time
scales of variability and effects of migratory rhythms[外文期刊] 2000(192)
19.Guarini J M;BlanchardGF;Bacher C Dynamics of spatial patterns of microphytobenthic
biomass:Inferences from a geostatistical analysis of two comprehensive surveys in Marennes-Oleron
Bay (France)[外文期刊] 1998
20.Liu Zilin;KoshikawaH;Ning Xiuren Bacterioplankton production in dilution zone of the Changjiang
(Yangtze) Estuary[期刊论文]-Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2001(01)
21.Tuomi P;SuominenK;Autio R Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton production and bacterial biomass in
a fjord-like bay-open sea gradient[外文期刊] 1999(1-3)
22.Smith E M;KempWM Size structure and the production/respiration balance in a coastal plankton
community[外文期刊] 2001(03)
23.Han M S;FuruyaK Size and species~specific primary productivity and community structure of
phytoplankton in Tokyo Bay[外文期刊] 2000(07)
24.Rao D Ⅴ S;Al-YamaniF;Lennox A Short communication. Biornass and production characteristics of
the first red tide noticed in Kuwait Bay, Arabian Gulf[外文期刊] 1999(04)
25.Dong L F;ThorntonDCO;Nedwell D B Denitrification in sediments of the River Colne estuary,England
[外文期刊] 2000(203)
26.曹勇;李道季;张经 浮游植物浮游植物铁限制的研究进展[期刊论文]-海洋通报 2002(06)
27.Zhang J;YuZG;Wang J T The Subtropical Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary: Nutrient, Trace Species and
Their Relationship to Photosynthesis 1999(03)
28.焦念志;王荣;李超龙 东海春季初级生产力与新生产力的研究[期刊论文]-海洋与湖沼 1998(02)
29.焦念志;王荣 海洋初级生产力结构 1993(04)
30.Lugomela C;WallbergP;Nielsen, T G Plankton composition and cycling of carbon during the rainy
season in a tropical coastal ecosystem, Zanzibar, Tanzania[外文期刊] 2001(10)
31.宁修仁 海洋微型和超微型浮游生物 1997(03)
32.Harrison P J;HuMH;Yang Y P Phosphate limitation in estuarine and coastal waters of China[外文期刊
] 1990(1-2)
33.Yin K;QianPY;Wu M C S Shift from P to N limitation of phytoplankton growth across the Pearl River
estuarine plume during summer 2001(221)
34.Mallin M A;CahoonLB;McIver M R Alternation of Factors Limiting Phytoplankton Production in the
Cape Fear River Estuary[外文期刊] 1999(04)
35.宁修仁;刘子琳 我国海洋初级生产力研究二十年[期刊论文]-东海海洋 2000(03)
36.DOERING P H;OviattCA;Nowicki B L Phosphorus and nitrogen limitation of primary production in a
simulated estuarine gradient[外文期刊] 1995(1-3)
37.Kocum E;NedwellDB;Underwood G J C Regulation of phytoplankton primary production along a
hypernutrified estuary[外文期刊] 2002(231)
38.Casamayor E O;Garcia-CantizanoJ;Mas J Primary production in estuarine oxic/anoxic
interfaces:Contribution of microbial dark CO2 fixation in the Ebro River Salt Wedge Estuary[外文期刊
] 2001(215)
39.Gandhiyappan K;VeerappanN;Perumal P Phytoplankton diversity and primary productivity of Paravanar
Estuary, Cuddalore Coast, (southeast coast of India) 2001(1-2)
40.Collier J L Flow cytometry and the single cell in phycology[外文期刊] 2000(04)
41.Leighfield T A;VanDFM Measurement of microalgal cell volume by flow cytometry 2000(03)
42.Swaney D P;HowarthRW;Butler T J A novel approach for estimating ecosystem production and
respiration in estuaries: Application to the oligohaline and mesohaline Hudson River[外文期刊]
1999(06)
43.Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions Environmental limitations of
phytoplankton in estuaries 2000
44.宋星宇;黄良民;张建林 2001年夏季大鹏澳浮游植物现存量和生产力分布特征及N:P比值对其生长的影响[期刊论
文]-热带海洋学报 2004(05)
45.Montecino Ⅴ;QuirozD Specific primary production and phytoplankton cell size structure in an
upwelling area off the coast of Chile (30 degree S)[外文期刊] 2000(04)
46.沈国英 海洋生态学 2002
47.王荣 粒径谱和生物量谱 2000
48.Ruiz A;FrancoJ;Villate F Microzooplankton grazing in the Estuary of Mundaka,Spain,and its impact
on phytoplankton distribution along the salinity gradient[外文期刊] 1998(03)
49.Iinuma T;ImaiK;Odate T Fluctuations of nutrients and primary production structure during winter
and spring in Funka Bay 1999(01)
50.Kudo;Matsunaga K Environmental factors affecting the occurence and production of the spring
phytoplankton bloom in Funka Bay, Japan[外文期刊] 1999(04)
51.Jickells T D Nutrient biogeochemistry of the coastal zone[外文期刊] 1998(281)
52.黄小平;黄良民 河口最大混浊带浮游植物生态动力过程研究进展[期刊论文]-生态学报 2002(09)
53.GOOSEN N K;KromkampJ;Peene J Bacterial and phytoplankton production in the maximum turbidity zone
of three European estuaries:the Elbe,Westerschelde and Gironde[外文期刊] 1999(2-3)
54.Cabecadas L Phytoplankton production in the Tagus estuary (Portugal)[外文期刊] 1999(02)
55.Vichi M;PinardiN;Zavatarelli M One-dimensional ecosystem model tests in the Po Prodelta area
(Northern Adriatic Sea)[外文期刊] 1998(5-6)
56.Diehl S Phytoplankton,light,and nutrients in a gradient of mixing depths:Theory[外文期刊]
2002(02)
57.Gomes H R;GoesJⅠ;Salno T Influence of physical processes and freshwater discharge on the
seasonality of phytoplankton regime in the Bay of Bengal[外文期刊] 2000(03)
58.Kudela R M;DugdaleRC Nutrient regulation of phytoplankton productivity in Monterey Bay,California
[外文期刊] 2000(5-6)
59.宁修仁;刘子琳 渤、黄、东海初级生产力和潜在渔业生产量的评估 1995(03)

本文读者也读过(2条)
1. 韦蔓新.何本茂 北海湾生态环境特征及其营养状况分析[期刊论文]-海洋湖沼通报2003(4)
2. 达良俊.宋坤.DA Liang-jun.SONG Kun 浙江天童受损常绿阔叶林实验生态学研究(Ⅰ):生态恢复实验与长期定位
[期刊论文]-华东师范大学学报(自然科学版)2008(4)

引证文献(1条)
1.宋星宇.谭烨辉.黄良民.董俊德.张建林.王汉奎.周伟华 三亚湾春夏季初级生产力的分布特征及环境影响研究[期
刊论文]-海洋环境科学 2011(1)


本文链接:http://d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_stkx200403019.aspx