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Temporal changes in aboveground dead material under different grazing conditions in a snow pasture in central Japan

日本中部不同放牧条件下人工草地地上枯死量的时间变化*


日本国立草地研究所位于日本中部的西那须地区,为了提示草地生态系统的能流和碳循环与气象因素与人为干扰之间的关系的规律,在其所辖人工草地的放牧试验场内,自1974a至1994a间,进行了不同放牧条件的长期实验。对该人工草地在21a间的地上枯死量(包括立枯部和地面凋落物)随时间变化规律以及不同放牧处理(不同放牧强度和施肥量)对其影响进行了评价和分析。结果表明,地上立枯部分和凋落物的量随季节和年度变化很大,并与地上部现存生物量有显著的正相关关系;协方差分析结果表明放牧压力、季节和年度等变化因素对地上立枯部分和凋落物的量有着极强的影响(p<0.01),而施肥量的影响则无显著性差异。

In order to understand the relation between primary production, energy flow and carbon recycle in grassland ecosystem, climatic factors and artificial disturbance, a grazing experiment with different grazing management treatments(different grazing intensities and nitrogen applications) was carried out in a snow pasture of the National Grassland Research Institute located in Nishinasuno, the central area of Japan from 1974 to 1994. As a part of these studies, the aim of present study was to assess the temporal changes in aboveground dead material(standing dead and litter) over a 21-year period since 1974. The result showed that the amount of aboveground dead material varied greatly seasonally and yearly, and also tended to have a high positive correlation with the aboveground biomass. The result of an analysis of variance(ANOVA) showed aboveground dead material was influenced strongly by grazing intensity, year, month(p<0.01), the temporal changes of aboveground dead material were independent of the nitrogen application levels.


全 文 :生态科学2004牛11月第23卷 第4j《J1 ECOLOGICSC【ENCENov.,2004,23(4):335~337
日本中部不同放牧条件下人工草地地上枯死量的时
间变化
亦如瀚1,盐见正衔2,高桥繁男3,大久保忠旦4(1.暨南大学理工学院环境工程学系,广州510632
2.H小茨城大学理学部,水户310.0851;3.日本围立畜产草地研究所,那须329.2747:4.日本那须大学,黑磷329.3121)
【摘要】 日小幽立草地研究所位于日小r11部的西那须地区,为了揭示草地生态系统的能流和碳循环与气象因素与人
为干扰之间的关系的规律,在其所辖人工草地的放牧试验场内, 自1974a至1994a间,进行了不同放牧条件的长期实
验。对该人工草地在21a问的地上枯死量(包括立枯部和地面凋落物)随时间变化规律以及不同放牧处理(不同放牧
强度和施肥量)列其影响进行了评价和分析。结果表明,地上立枯部分和凋落物的量随季节和年度变化很大,并与地
上部现存生物量有显著的正相关关系;协方差分析结果表明放牧压力、季节和年度等变化因素对地上立枯部分和凋落
物的量有着极强的影响(p关键词:放牧压力;施肥量;地面枯死量
中图分类号: Q143,Q143+.4 文献识别码: A 文章编号:l008.8873(2004)03.335.03
TbmpOraIch ngesinabovegrOunddeadmateriaIunderdiff.erentgrazingconditionsinasnowpastureinc ntraIJ pan
YlRu-hanl,MasaeShiyomi2,ShigeoTakahaSh—Tadakatsu0l(ub04(1.Enviro舢entalEngineeringDepanment,Collegeof
ScienceandEngineerin岛JinanUniverSity,Guangzhou5l0632China;2.ScienceDepartment,IbarakiUnivers tyMito
31O-085l,Japan;3.NationalInstituteofLivestockandGrasslandScience。Nasu,329.2747,Ja口an:4.NasuUniverSityKumiso
329—3121,japan.)
AbstractInordert0understandtherelationbetweenprimarypmduction,energynowandcarbonrecycleingrassland
ecosystem,cIimaticfactorSndartificiald sturbance,agrazingexperimentwithdifrerent2razingmanagementtr atments
(difreremg azingmensitiesandnitrogenapplications)wascaHiedoutinasnowpastureoftheNationalGrasslandResearch
InstitutelocatedinNishinasuno,thecemralar aofJapanf而m1974to1994.Asapartofthesestudies,theaimofDresenttudy
wastoassessthetemporalchangesinabovegrounddeadmaterjal(standingde dandlitter)overa21.yearperiodsincel974.
Theresultshowedthatt11eamountofabovegrounddeadmaterialvariedgfeatly驼asonallya_ndve盯Iy’andlsotendedtohavea
highpositivecorrelationwiththeabovegroundbiomass.Theresultofananalysisofvariance(AN0、,A)showedaboveground
deadmaterialw sinnuencedstmnglybygmzingintensi饥year,month(P<0.01),thet mporalchangesofabovegrounddead
nuterialwereindependentoftheitrogenapplicationlevels.
Keywords:Grazingntensity;Nitrogenapplication;Above2munddeadmaterial
1 Introduction
Inagrasslandecosystem,primaryproductionisthe
resultofcarbonflow仔omtheatmosphereintothgrcen
biomassofplants.Greenleavesandtwi2ssenesceand
formpartofthestandingdeadcompartmentmadeupof
deadmaterialstillattachedtotheori2inalplant.
Detachmentofdeadleavesf}onloriginalpIant
incorporatesthemintolitterpool,whichismadeuDof
deadplantmateria】lyingontheground.巾’Theref.ore,as
apanofthestudiesonenergyflOwandcarbonrecycIein
grassland,itisveryimportantounderstandthetemple
changesinabovegroundstandingeadandsurfhcelitter
(referredtoasd幻d,村口胞砌J『)u’.Biomassingrazin2
pastureschangesyearlyandseasonallywithvarious
factorssuchasai卜tempel.ature,rainfaUandanificial
managementincludingfertilization,grazingintensityand
weedcontr01.Manyex mplesbasedondataobtainedat
val.iousIocationsintheworldshowthatannualnd
seasonalchangesinbiomassrerelatedochangesin
natura】environmentandarti矗cialenvironmentt’’1uJ.
HoweVer,it wasnoteasyto clarifycause—effect
relationshipsworkingbetweenbiomasschangesand
environmentalchangesb causeofmecomplexityof
pasturesystems.Analysisoftemporalchangesin
abovegrounddeadmaterialisespeciallydif萄cultbecause
meeff.ectofenvironmentalf.actorsisnotasevidentas
theabovegroundbiomasst引, and,ofcourse,ittakes
longertodisc0Verthetime.1ag‘引.Theaimofpresent
studywasto assessthetemporalchangesofthe
abovegrounddeadmaterialunderdia’erentgrazin2
managementtr atmentsoverme21.yearpe—od.
2 MaterialsandMethods
2.1ThexDerimentalsite
ThestudysitewaslocatedatmeFuiinitaexperimental
pasture伊uiinitasite)inheNationalGrasslandResearch
Institute,Nisinasuno,Tbclli西,髓pan(36055’N,l39058’E,
320masl).Theannualtotalrainfallina typicalyear
(30.yearaverage)is1 630mm,themonmlyminimumand
maximumrainf.allsinthisareaare40.9nlminJanuarvnd
基金项目:髑南人学引进人才科研扁动经费(640562,2003一1)
作者简介:亦如瀚(1966一),女,理学博‘卜.讲师,研究方向为人为干
扰下£I:念系统的能流和物质循环;Email:tyimhan④nu.edu.cn.
2004.04.17收稿,2004.1l—15接受
万方数据
万方数据
万方数据
日本中部不同放牧条件下人工草地地上枯死量的时间变化
作者: 亦如瀚, 盐见正衛, 高桥繁男, 大久保忠旦
作者单位: 亦如瀚(暨南大学理工学院环境工程学系,广州,510632), 盐见正衛(日本茨城大学理学部
,水户,310-0851), 高桥繁男(日本国立畜产草地研究所,那须,329-2747), 大久保忠旦(日
本那须大学,黑磯,329-3121)
刊名: 生态科学
英文刊名: ECOLOGIC SCIENCE
年,卷(期): 2004,23(4)

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