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作 者 ：丁春邦 周永红 胡超

期 刊 ：植物学通报 1998年 15卷 05期 页码：56-59

关键词：小麦；长穗偃麦草；远缘杂交；受精；胚胎发育；

摘 要 ：用石蜡切片法，对小麦(Triticum aestivum)和长穗偃麦草(Elytrigia elongata)杂交的受精和早期胚胎发育进行了观察。结果表明，长穗偃麦草花粉在小麦柱头上萌发良好，花粉管可顺利长人花柱和胚囊。 观察的170个小麦子房中，17.65％发生了双受精，产生了胚和胚乳；9.41％发生了单卵受精，只产生胚而无胚乳；4.71％。发生了单极核受精，只产生胚乳而无胚；总受精率为31.77％；成胚率为27.06％。由于胚乳的缺乏或发育异常及败育，最终难以获得有生活力的种子。为小麦与长穗偃麦草远缘杂交提供了细胞胚胎学证据。

Abstract:Observations were made on the fertilization and early embryo development in intergeneric cross between Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring and Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski. The pollen germination of E. elongata appeared normal on the stigma of T. aestivum and the pollen tubes grew into the style and entered the embryo sacs. Of the 170 ovaries observed 17.65 % had double fertilization and had embryo and endosperm, and 9.41 % had only embryo and 4.71% had only endosperm. The total rate of fertilization was 31.77 %. The total rate of embryo formation was 27.06%. Because the endosperms were abnormal, it was very difficult to produce viable mature seeds. Cytoembryological evidence was given to demonstrate the high freqeuncies of fertilization and embryo formation in crosses between wheat and E. elongata.

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