作 者 ：WANG Wen-Tsai
期 刊 ：植物分类学报 1998年 2期
Keywords:Clematis, Evolutionary tendencies, Classification, China,
Abstract:
(1) In the overwhelming majority of genera of the family Ranunculaceae, includ-
ing its primitive genera, Caltha, Calathodes, and Trollius and the primitive genus of trib.
Anemoneae, Anemone, the sepals are spreading and the stamens are glabrous. So, the as-
cending or upright sepals and hairy stamens of the sections Meclatis, Tubulosa, Viorna, and
Atragene of the genus Clematis are secondary, and are accordingly considered as advanced
characters, and those sections and the genus Archiclematis, closely related to Sect. Viorna
Subsect. Connatae, more or less advanced groups. (2) In the sections Cheiropsis, Fruticella,
and Viticella, which have glabrous stamens,some species have spreading sepals, and the
others have ascending or upright sepals. In Sect. Clematis, all the species have spreading
sepals and glabrous stamens, except for Clematis pinnata, which has ascending sepals and
usually hairy stamen filaments. In Sect. Lasiantha with 2 species restricted to western U. S.
A., C. lasiantha has glabrous stamens, while C. paucifiora has stamens hairy on flia-
ments. In Sect. Naraveliopsis with spreading sepals,the majority of species have glabrous
stamens, but one species, C.liboensis, endemic to Guizhou Province, China, has hairy sta-
mens. These facts just mentioned indicate that the evolution of sepals and stamens took place
in several lineages independently in Clematis. (3) In Clematis, glabrous stamens of C.api-
ifolia, C.grata, and C.montana with linear filaments and oblong anthers, are similar to
those of Caltha, Calathodes, Trollius, and Anemone. Thus, the linear filaments and ob-
long anthers are considered primitive characters in Clematis. On the other hand, lanceolate-
linear filaments of C. tangutica and C. aethusifolia or oblanceolate -linear filaments of C.
courtoisii and C. loureiriana and linear anthers of C. meyeniana and C. uncinata, and nar-
row-linear anthers of C. courtoisii and C. lanuginosa are considered advanced ones. In ease
of stamens with hairs, stamens of C. henryi with densely villous filaments and those of C.
kweichowensis with both filaments and anthers densely pubescent show more advanced con-
dition than those of C. pinnata, C. heracleifolia, and C. tangutica, with sparsely puberu-
lous filaments and glabrous antbers(Fig. 1 ). (4)The pedunculate, 2-bracteate dichasial cyme
with several flowers may represent the primitive type of inflorescences in Clematis. Many-
flowered panicle-like cymes as in C.gouriana and C. tsaii, or few-l-flowered cymes as in
C. henryi and C. repens, and cymes lacking peduncles and bracts as in C. montana and C.
pogonandra are all considered advanced. Besides, the fact that flowers arise from axillary
buds of old branches shows also an advanced condition. (5)Sect. Clematis subsect. Pinnatae,
with leaflets, inflorescence ramification, and stamens similar to those of C. heracleifolia, is
considered intermediate between Sect. Clematis and Sect. Tubulosa. (6) Subsect. Clematis
and Subsect. Rectae, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect. Crispae are so closely related to
each other respectively that it is difficult to ascertain the systematic position of some interme-
diate species between the two subsections of each pair in the absence of seedlings. So, in the
present paper, following the classification of Clematis proposed by Tamura in 1967, I put
Subsect. Clematis and Subsect. Rectae in Sect. Clematis, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect.
Crispae in Sect. Viorna. (7)According to the evolutionary tendencies mentioned above, a re-
alignment of the sections and the infrasectional taxa of the Chinese Clematis is made. (8) Six
subsections, 6 serise, 2 species, and 4 varieties are described as new, and 5 new combina-
tions, 4 new ranks, and 2 new names are given. (9)The specific rank of C. tenuipes W.T.
Wang, reduced to varietal renk in 1980, is restord. C. taiwaniana Hayata, reduced to syn-
onomy of C. grata Wall. in 1991, is considered distinct from the latter in hairy adaxial sur-
face of sepal and narrower achene with tapering apex. C. kerriana Drumm. & Craib and C.
laxipaniculata Pei are proved to be conspecific to C. subumbellata Kurz and reduced to syn-
onymy.