Abstract:Innate immune response is the first line of defence against invaded pathogens， thus a precise regulation is required to establish and maintain such an innate homeostasis. Emerging evidence has shown that T cells， conventionally functioning in an antigen-specific manner， retains the capability of pathogenic antigen non-specific response， which fundamentally determines the outcome of innate inflammatory response to pathogen infections. Therefore， a better understanding of the mechanisms of how T cells respond and regulate innate inflammation helps to draw a novel regulatory network for innate-immunity， and provide a new dimension to understand the immune pathogenesis and immune intervention against infections.