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Physiological function,diversity of carbonic anhydrase and its application

碳酸酐酶的生理功能、多样性及其在CO2捕集中的应用



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2013
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ChineseJournalofBioprocessEngineering
Vol.11No.1
Jan.2013
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3678.2013.01.016
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:1672-3678(2013)01-0094-10
Physiologicalfunction,diversityofcarbonicanhydrase
anditsapplication
LIChunxiu,JIANGXiaochen,QIUYongjun,XUJianhe
(StateKeyLaboratoryofBioreactorEngineering,EastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Shanghai200237,China)
Abstract:AsametaloenzymecombiningaZn2+atitsactivecenters,carbonicanhydrasecatalyzereaction
betweenCO2 andH2O reversibly,thereactioncanundertakesvariousphysiologicalfunctionsin
organisms.Carbonicanhydrasecanexistintheeukaryote,andindiversityofprokaryotes.Evidenceforthe
presenceofcarbonicanhydraseisobtainedforfreshwater,marine,mesophilic,thermophilic,aerobic,
anaerobic,pathogenic,symbiotic,acetogenic,autotrophic,heterotrophic,andphotosyntheticspecies.In
prokaryotes,carbonicanhydrasesareinvolvedinvariousbiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesses,
includingphotosynthesis,respiration,iontransport,andCO2andbicarbonatebalance.Whileanthropogenic
CO2emissionhasledtoadverseimpactonclimateandhasbeenimplicatedinglobalwarming,this
enzymehasfoundanewdimensioninthefieldofbiomimeticCO2sequestration.Thispaperreviewsthe
researchadvancesoncarbonicanhydrasedrivenprocessesforCO2sequestrationresearchandengineering
and,suggeststhepossiblefuturedirectionsinapplication.
Keywords:carbondioxide;carbonicanhydrase;sequestration
  
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CO2cÕ
4&`h
[8]。
h+òpi¡DO+’Xu

1)
x–`
CO2Uxh&ŒxÄÇHCO3
-:
CO2(aq.)+H2O
k1
k幑幐-1
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z˜òºŒÖ/ì

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3,6Ôhijtu!dõh¿
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ë!á:l
14×106mol/(L·s)。
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CO2O‡`hi,¾§Ì–ÔÇÁÙ

3,6Ô`ã`STãR
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‰‚Î4
1.1 
‰‚Î4+,
3,6Ô
(carbonicanhydrase,EC4.2.1.1),
W
enÖ3,Ì¥xÔo3,̳‹Ô

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1)EZn2+-OH-+CO2EZn
2+-HCO-3
EZn2+-HCO-3 +H2OEZn
2+-H2O+HCO


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+EZn2+-OH-
H+EZn2+-OH-EZn2+-OH-+BH+
h`!dõZ­0ÕÖj£JÀ­¯
CO2¯
Ė`3ÃÄ

”x¯Ä“”`’“D
,OH-CO2
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-。
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6s-1[15]。
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3,6Ô¯Ö α、β、γ、δ、ε5"-v,5"-v
cÕf˜ë!`½Œ¾ïR

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Ô`1R–—1ዧd"ST*+«z.«
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Zn2+[11]。
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ß0¯–`
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{3,6Ԗ˜

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{ÙÑjº)™t
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pqdçº%–W¦‹4/§ α CA`“
”
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/α CA`“”。β-v`!d"Œü4/j|
–


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º%Ǻ%–ªÌ
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-v`3,6Ô´«“”jº%ǐº%–
[19]。
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Î4/`δ,ε-v7“jB^`™€–(.1)。
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Table1 Diferentfamiliesofcarbonicanhydrase
-v ¯‰ ,°À ùŒ[0rC Zn2+
ìß
α Ümª

|

­€
Ã&ª

º%
y6×n:³M£ (ßÌR_ß 3
"ùø,$0

β |

€×

V%

º%

&%
y6×nM£³Á Y_ß̘_ß

"”AkNø,
Çd"ùø,
γ |
a、
V%
a、
º%

&%
y6×n:³M£ R_ß 3
"ùø,$0

δ ™€ Šó Y_ß 3"ùø,$0
ε ™€ Šó Y_ß Šó
       
Ñ
:a—EST
rê,–`c™0¨
;b—
ùø,$0æd"¦¾`[0áf
;c—
ùø,$0æ”"Ú¾`[0áf
  

Boreliaburgdorferi、Chlamydiatrachomatis、
Mycoplasma pneumoniae、Mycoplasma genitalium、
Thermatogamaritima、Treponemapalidum
ǐº%
Archaeoglobusfulgidus
­s[0¨¯¨ë-

Ðݙ
šZ`c#Cô•Ußv-v`3,6Ô¾ïR
1÷:
[11]。
*p5˜d"¼½Z

ZŸ5˜Še4
/`Ž-v

µ!3,6Ô`¯‰pqÏ9R`
³Îî

¡â4/˜Ž`-vpq1RÑ/`›
–Äe•Ÿ–Ä*Cõ

Kd{Úh£ÌœO

1.3 
ßb˜~?5‰‚Î4
µ*Ã£&0¨ù­s½Œ¾pq<
iα、β、γ3,6Ô-v`XßÁ¯¨•&œ
ºÇ¯‰
[20]。
æŔx

­x

az



ý
ô

ßô

ôI

w,

ɺ=a

aâÏ{ó&
–4/§•“”`ê

.
2),
~.þ3,6Ԕ
ã&–`¯‰¾Ïž`«fgùÏ

) β、γ3
,6Ô-vhê´C}Ñ

d{&ß0}˜Ï
{3,6Ô0¨Ù¯þ¹Ô&ׯ.«

µ
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§
2 
ßb˜~?‰‚Î45>Ò
Table2 Distributionofputativecarbonicanhydrasegenesinsomeprokaryotes
ó& α -v β-v γ -v
º%
 Methanobacteriumthermoautotrophicum 2 1
 Methanococcusjannaschi 1
 Methanosarcinathermophila 1
 Pyrococcusfuriosus 1
 Pyrococcushorikoshi 1
 Sulfolobussolfataricus 2 1
º%
 Caulobactercrescentus 2
 Magnetospirilummagneticum 2 2 2
 Rhodobactersphaeroides 3
 Rhodospirilumrubrum 1 1
 Granulibacterbethesdensis 2 1
 Ralstoniaeutropha 2 2 2
 Neiseriagonorhoeae 2 2
 Pseudomonasputida 1 1
 Pseudomonasaeruginosa 3 3
 Aeromonashydrophila 1 1 2
 Vibriocholerae 1 1 1
 Yersiniapestis 2
 Salmonelatyphimurium 4 1
 Shewaneladenitri?cans 1 2
 Klebsielapneumoniae 3
 Erwiniacarotovora 2 2
 Escherichiacoli 2 2
 Haemophilusinfluenzae 1
 Helicobacterpylori26695 1 1
 HelicobacterpyloriJ99 2 2
 Synechococcussp.PCC7002 1 1 1
 SynechococcuselongatusPCC7942 1 5
 Synechocystissp.PCC6803 4
 Anabaenavariabilis 1 4
 Corynebacteriumglutamicum 1 1
 Mycobacteriumavium 2
 Mycobacteriumbovis 3
 Mycobacteriumtuberculosis 3
 Streptomycescoelicolor 4
 Chlorobiumtepidum 1
 Deinococcusradiodurans 1
 Enterococcusfaecalis 2
79 !1# £¤ðâ:3,6Ô`&œº、Ï9Rq•”CO2‡;–`hi
  
í¡jwN,%
[21]
ÇwZ¡%
[11]
Î"

Ÿ
dòpùi
CO2ÊU£—õö*+(×2jɋÕ
iÁÙ
CO2),*p3,6Ô`1Ròpה•ŸÔ
˜=4&`ܜ³

ÿŒ‚^p3,HÌÕÖÜ
`Ô*œ°`ó&ß0Žïõötu`Ðô
õö

í¡‹ŒÒÓ,

£,Çø0,

Cå7”
Helicobacterpylori[22]、
‰
CO2`IÃ
ó&
Neiseriagonorhoeae[23]、Rhodopseudomonas
palustris[24]
pq
Mesorhizobiumloti[25]
–4/§ α
CA。
*˜α CA`d"¥¾ãšZ—˜NÀ|`
í

òºiÎÙєº)¸xoZº)™î

W
òºÀÁ
CO2`ùi。Smithâ
[11]
èé7” α CA
-v`Œü–å™Ì-Ô1R

¹ìÓáâW,
§
Armstrong
â
[26]
`á#
。β CAÇ γ CA-v
-Ô1R`c#¯qæµ*Î=
Methanobacterium
thermoautotrophic
`
Cab(β CA)[19]pqÎ=
Methanosarcinathermophila` Cam(γ CA)[20]þ。
º%õǐº%õ– β CA¯‰fg。æ!
‚R‘%–²Ù̔"β CA-v`Œü,Õj¯
–²Ù`*ÚÖ
CynT,
Žab‚R‘%ùi¬,Ì
Õցø`~¢Ä
cyn`
dà¯

!Y"a
bβ CA`0¨Z Can,Ž`“”<#º)òp”
Ú¾œ³
CO2D&È,¾¿‰«fñÚ¾j¬,Ì
`ï

¡âfñ:œ³
CO2,g Can™Ú›Z&
È*ª‰`Ô
[27-28]。
¦2`’“W0/”
R.
eutrophus
–
[29]。
Î=
M.thermoautotrophicum
` β CAZd{
hE`
“cab”
E3,6Ô

¹&ß0`‹Œh
ǯ|h1‰«‚^`
CO2,~Ï-=3,6Ô
ºðq¿z
CO2 ®sº)“+,4휳pùj
•ŸÔ`Õi

×2`ÕiW0/”º­sɋÕ
i`|–

”~ç&ß0

3,6ÔÀÁ:ž

CO2­sº)“+,YË,£ûdâTÔ1R
–—`:ܜ³

¾¿
,cab
z
HCO-3VTŒCO2
Wºð+,STZ¡‹Œtu!dõh`Z¡
¶j ¥ H Ô ˜ 4 & ` Ü œ ³
[30]。

M.
thermoautotrophicum
u|

•–—‹ŒõötuZù
i
CO2Ç HCO

3,æN„ CoAÀÁ`&‹Œƒâ
=atuÇÚÿ[5Ã`Râ,
(TCA)
¶

¨
©áfâTh`Ü


HCO-3/CO2Z cab.
d"òº`&œº

¨’γ CA”º%õǐº%õ¯‰fg,•
&œº9¡Š#Ì÷ߝì
。1994
$
,Alber
â
[31]
!wZ¡%
Methanosarcinathermophila¯
–²
T`3,6Ô
Cam
Zγ-v`hEõ.,WZCå
?d!&œºÌá¿1­s§£º23`¹-
vΟ
。Methanosarcinathermophila
µ*ùi
CO2
Ç
H2‹ŒZ¡GC=&È`º^,Wòpµ*z
N,

ZY

Z6VTÖZ¡GCº^

”ùiN
,ÕÖ&È0xVÎÖ
CO2`tu–3,6Ô./
0ÿ:`12

ë-3,6ԍ•&È*+—˜.
«Õi

c™3,6Ô
Cam
µ*VT
HCO3
-/CO2
òp(ƒN,`õö

¾¿
,CamN
|“”
34

0,``½Œ

òºÀÁz•!º)x™tV 
lº)îà

*p
Cam
`!Y"ºpZÙÑj
º)™îp(ƒº)™î
HCO3
-/CO2`VT
[31]。
«É‹ÕiÁ%
A.brasilense
–d"cÙ`
abγ CA`0¨ gca1U γ -v`•ŸŒüë
-§:³`¾ïR

”
E.coli
–·¸.ì¹0¨n
f˜ë-3,6Ô12
。gca1
UtÌab

N
„ γˆø„6 Ë,¥HÔ`0¨ argC¥¾Vß
pÊUÛø,‹Œtu

í¶·–
CO2œ³÷:¿
argC gca1
~¢Ä`Vßxût>

”+‘%¤
`
Magnetospirilum,Rhodospirilum,Granulibacter
â
%$–W™Ì×2/ã

~çêë-”
A.brasilense
ß0γ CA×20¨`abwÚST
CO2`x‹Õi,uZ”Ûø,‹Œtu–Ÿ .
Ǥ

Roberts
â
[32]
èé§3,6Ô`Ž-v
———δ
-v

ÕÉ!
Thalasiosiraweisflogi
–·¸#̧
d{Uα、β、γ-v3,6Ô½Œ]ƒë!¾ïR


Å
SDSPAGE
¯¨ë-•¦¯Äx^Ö
27×104。
­dõ23÷4/3,6Ô`ŽŒ
ü
———
â0BÅ7ߺ)3,6Ô

*ÚÖ
CsoS3。
¹ Ô Î = T º = a E º %
Halothiobacilus
neapolitanus,
!á¿c™•¯Ä^ÂÖ
573×104,


"á¿~

“)%˜•–d"á¿~¥˜›
–Äá‹Ñ/



"-v­s½Œ¾f˜4
/ë!¾ïR
,¨
©z•ÙÒ֎-v
———ε-
v
[15,33]。
udá¿~›–Äá‹Ñ/`c#/ã
W”β-v–`uçefx–e4/,u3,6Ô
~{á¿t`¦2Rë-Ÿd¥˜¦2`ST
â°
[34]。
Lane
â
[35]
¯–

²Ù“à¯.š§Î=­c
™€
Thalasiosiraweisflogi
`d"0¨
cdca1。
²
Tn`ef./03,6Ô`12

¾¿4/•1
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–Äfh`ë°

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‰‚Î49
CO2ÏB?5@A
@$Î

²j3,6Ôp
CO2ÖÜ`:žS
TãR

d{[Ž`

&@

O㾁ehij(
ƒx¦–3,Ì`‘Œ

pÉJÁÙ
CO2
[36]。
3,
6ÔÕÖ&ß0d{ST
CO2UHCO

3cÕò@
x‹h`&STÀ

UMߪ`¨
[37]、
?

[38]、
(º)­€
[39]
â&µ*ß0ŽTÕi
‘Œ3,Ì×`*+–x¦Ð

æ×改Ô`Õ
iDòpz
CO2VTÖ3,Ì,ê©!œ#tþ
¹;
¾¿UœT@‡;;<¦¾

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CO2,µ*ԝh&Œ CaCO3©—
ÔSTh:žöd
、¸
¹BÇn›œ†(`ã
š

Zd{-§)l
[10],
¦`ûüyÌ23ø`
ÐÑÇcª

2.1 
€öip4öi
CO2

ړ”º)0î^x`
¼½

܋s밑

hn›œ†(

Õjei
j­s
CO2ÁÙ。
Bond
â
[36]
Õ§3,6ÔÁÙ
CO2。Liuâ
[10]
–}˜‚^AŖ
Ä

p
Ca2+
Ç
Mg2+
Ö´
)`
‰x­sìÓ

µ*¯
¨3Ý^`&Œ.šh­s`+³

¾¿å™3
Ý&Œ^

{~–AŖÄ`œ³+T

pqĉ
CO2`œ³+T。.î CO2`Áٞ°Wòµ*™
Ù{~–Šh`
CO2hÕߞ`|¯rÎÌ®。
”Î=u)>‰x`9–
CO2`Áٞ°:ì
54%,
¾Î=.îd")>`9Â:
11%,
èZ
¹9–˜:`
Ca2+(143mg/L)
Ç
HCO-3(467
mg/L)
}^
[10,36]。
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â
[40]
23§”VT
CO2&Œ3,Ì`
*+–3,6Ԕ
CO2x‹Õi–*Ÿ `§。
P˜–Äx–µs
CO2zßp°±ÐÇ CO2x,é
3,6Ô`œ³ÒÉ+T
(02,04,06,08,1,2
Ç
6μmol/L),”0、30Ç50℃56D™ÙCO2x‹
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CaCO33Ý&Œ`€。”\pq:œ
³Ô“”`56D
,CO2˜_‚`x‹ƒ°。¾¿,
³t>¶-
CO2x‹ƒ°`D@。”:“˜
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,CaCO3`&Œ^(B“÷"ì
ÌûÖ

h*x`
pH
W€
CaCO3`&Œ。
Favre
â
[41]
23§”

Ç
20℃
¿

Ú¾ÍÎ~
pH(85
Ç
105)
56D
CaCO3&Œ`ª2@。Á
Ù՝hߞ
27mL,
œ(
03gCaCl2·2H2OÕÖ
Ca2+


”
5℃、pH10.5、
˜é3,6ԓ”`
56D
,CaCO3`&Œ^ZËù`10†。23¾
¿ë-

Ô`œ³pqh*x–ÍÎ~`Íκ
2€
HCO-3`&Œ。Å XrayrÝ,FTIRpq
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ì”ìÓ56D&Œ`3
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———
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5℃、
pH105、
f˜Ô“”`56Dh&Œ\¬{

u
”
20℃
˜Ô“”`’“D

h&ŒO|{

Ramanan
â
[42]
Õ É è é ! R ‘ % Å `
Citrobacterfreundi
Ç
Bacilussubtilis
–·¸

²T§
3,6Ô
。SDSPAGE
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24×104
Ç
37×104,
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pH
56D
™Ù§•ØÙR

Î=
Bacilussubtilis`
3,6Ô
”
pH7~11
`./01÷ØÙ

_4
pH
Ö
83。
•²Ô`âþ_­þ×ë-•âþ/ÂÖ
61。
”
Áj
60℃
¿¹Ô1òp”,ØÙ

_4³Ö
375
℃。
”_4
pH
Ç_4³D

pÚ¾œ³
p NPA
ÖÜ

:i
L B
½Ë„™Ù§
Bacilussubtilis
–
3,6Ô`ª2@Êr
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71428μmol/(L·min)。:itu2{Ô­sìÓ
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CO2`23,”ìÓ56D,Ó0·Ôe
fòp&Œ
225mg
3,Ì

u)²Ô`¾12Zš
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Hg+
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Fe3+
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2-
ÕÖ@éz`´
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Z?dº­Ô12`|–Ä
[41],
¹áâ
Ucåèé`
SO2-4 Z3,6Ô,°À`áâ
¦
[36]。
Sharma
â
[43]
23§&ÁÙ
CO2`*+。!
Pseudomonasfragi (PCA),Micrococcus luteus2
(MTCA),Micrococcuslylae(MLCA)
–¯–²T§3
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(BCA)
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。PCA
12_:

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ef

µZ¡¾
BCA
`
746U/mg
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pH
99 !1# £¤ðâ:3,6Ô`&œº、Ï9Rq•”CO2‡;–`hi
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³
35~45℃
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Cl-
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pq
Fe2+
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ÁÙT0ßpqÁÙTO„…0Ú°

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â
[44]
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°Œ`ÁÙTԔ“j
4℃。
p NPA
Õ
ÖÜ

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25℃、01
mol/L,pH8`
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Ç
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Ö
91×102/(L·mol·s)。
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50d
n

”0³´…]š
(CPG)
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*
97%
`12

u”{±„.‡`Ô%˜
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2

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500d`
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%K#
15%
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12

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ÙRŒj.
3。
§
3 
®¯©ªØ
BCA CPG
5Ó)Zi1
Table3 Operationalstabilityofenzymeimmobilizedon
BCACPGbeadsatvarioustemperatures
~Ս³
/℃
k$#

Вh

k$#

Óɝh

23 15d 30d
40 24h 60h
60 30min 60min
Bond
â
[36,45]
z
BCA
Áٔ_d Ox.
‡

4/”ÁÙT*+–œ°
pH2.0,
Ô`K#^


%K#
9%。
µ_*h56hÖ
pH5.0,
”¹56D¨’˜!*
28%
`ÔK#

µZÔ`
ØÙRe(

Bhatacharya
â
[1]
z3,6ÔÁÙj
0355~
0500mm
w=µ‚`8¶¿St

:iγ ø+0
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5
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0250~0425mm
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…“ñòhijÔ`ÁÙT

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(CNBr)
¦Ô

.î5ÉJÕÖ0xÁÙÔ

~çO„1ë-§÷:`ÁÙ
Tž°

Ô121º”Ñ
85%~98%。
ÁÙTEb
–ef`K»ÕZ_¹KЗ`¼½

¾¿ÑvÌ
ÁÙTÔ`12yÌ*o`€
[46]。
Ozdemir[47]
”\D:i_ø-
(PU)
àºÁ
Ù
BCA。
_ø-Zd{÷ßÁÙ3,6Ô`Eb

¨Ö•:³ûx¾¿—˜Ïº_‹`ãR

:i
PU
ÁÙ`Ԕ\D”“
45d
n¡º”Ñ
100%
`12

u
45d
Z̖Ԕ
40℃
¿”˜12`_
È¿Õ

™Ù̖Ô`
KmÖ122mmol/L,kcatªÖ
202s-1,kcat/KmÖ1664L/(mol·s)。ÁÙTÔ`
KmÖ 96mmol/L,æjÔÇàºá‹&Œ•‹E
b

ƒ„­sÔ`Ù^™^

Wpƒ„™Ù
kcatªÇ
kcat/Km。­dõ4/i PUÁÙT`ÔÈ(ØÙ,
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60℃
¿

ÁÙTԐ#1

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â
[48]
‹Œ“hiÏ{&_‹¢
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:
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rÝäâQ¼.š§
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žâ`_d
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x¿SÕÖìӍã

:i-ԙ1„ÁÙT
Ô12­s.š

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42
U/mL,
u̖º)127Ö
27.15U/mL。
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â
[49]
i!䕋x]šÎT»Ç¥Ó
á‹ÁÙT3,6Ô

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²x]š`Ϻe…á¿–˜=æx`“”

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UŠÅ1T`x]š¦¾

1Tx]šòpá:ˆ
Ô^

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4.6mg/g
ˆß

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šcÕ­sϺT»ÇÏÑ/¥ÓÔòòp(é
3,6ÔY^á¿`ØÙR

!uá:Ԕ˜â{
ÀÇ:D`ØÙR

¥ÓዄÁÙTԔ
50℃
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1h
n5º”,
80%
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1R

T»„ÁÙTÔWº”,
65%
`¦1R

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2.3 
4Ԙ~¼@–
_yi̖oÁÙT`3,6Ô­s
CO2`Á
ÙÖnŒ237Ù§ìÓ01

µ¹;<_›`C
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ׯª«

;̜T@âO’ÁÙ
CO2ÁÂ`ŒÂ、+¼·i、M[Rpq¶”¼
½

0ãqFK`åJ
[50]。
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â
[50]
s
CO2ÁÙ。3,6Ô½””…_+y™cÕ,ï
RþA…`á¿

x¦p¶‘¾»`‘’ï/
70~670μm`dz。~™ûõÐ*h¬,Ãbz
–˜
004%~1%
`
CO2,¿z(Ar)ÕÖÀWz,

zßЃæЃ¬œ°

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¯¨zߌ¯

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¯–ž°

3,6Ԝ³

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dz
、pH、
Ãbz–
CO2œ³、³ÇFG³1
€hžâ

”_*h56D
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Ö
471×10-8mol/(m2·Pa·s),

CO2Ç N2`àá

1090∶1,

CO2ÇO2`àáRÖ790∶1。
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CO2`{|LJGº2,24§d{<
iÁÙT3,6ÔÕÖSTÀ`UV’h¬

”¹h¬–

VT`xU
CO2ÇSTÀÙ¯òÁ,
:iºT„
[51]
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xt

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:CO2”Ãbz–}^
ì
70%,
Ѓ
5~7L/min,
ÁÙT0xºu
2μm,
Ôtˆ^
2mg/mL。
¾¿4/

•‹Áh¬
CO2`Ƴ÷˜Ã9,”Ãbz–ôzÇ}úzß
:¿

:i&~õdxæŒÖª±Q¼
[1]。
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â
[1]
`23ÿŒn

ñÌ
2009
$1f
˜ŽE`h¬‡´

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2010
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,Zhang
â
[51]
èé§öÖÁœ³
CO2‹zßÍ6`d{–s¬+™h¬。¹
h¬–

”Ä_BTeMݔd"’’Dç–



CO2。
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、CO2œ³、Ãb
z

ÀWzЃÇ~Ս³h`€

_}
h56Ö

Ãbz–
CO2ߞ¯r0.1% ,ÍÎ~20
mmol/LTris HCl,pH80,
~Ս³
20℃,
ÀWz
Ѓ
300mL/min,
ÃbzЃ
100mL/min,
3,6
Ôx^œ³
1g/L。
”_*h56D
,CO2`¯–
ž°Ö
165×10-8mol/(m2·Pa·s),

CO2Ç N2`
àáRÖ
820∶1,

CO2ÇO2`àáRÖ330∶1。
h¬òØÙԌ~Õ
30h
pt

3 
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Ý

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ÑÍ[\+`[Ž;<


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µZCå~{;<`
ŒÂ¡>÷:

h*+–xÄPhßÁøƒ
…Ý


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D@WÚùj3,Ì`3Ý

”‚
‰D)tThicå

ªÌÅÆ:ž`œ°
pH
`
O„Z23`./cd

Öá>h*+–Ô`
ØÙRÇ.•ùiR

W‰«È2©ª‹4`ÁÙ
TEbÇÁÙTO„p·ÉtucŽ

pá>ÅÆ
òsR

æjÁÙT`Ôoº)æŔu{+³
tფ
CO2ԄÁÙ*+–`ÅÆÇ1R¼½,
¨©

iŽd°÷ij
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(΅ì/hi

ŽEh¬`á¿Ç~ÕO’
{ZŠÎ3,6Ô23Çhi`ä/

ƒ„JK

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