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作 者 ：彭晚霞,王克林,宋同清,曾馥平,王久荣,肖孔操

期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 1期 页码：84~91

关键词：茶树；施肥结构；光合作用；日变化；

Keywords:tea, fertilization application, photosynthesis, diurnal variation,

摘 要 ：以福云早毫品种为材料，在新开茶园连续5a进行了7种施肥结构的大田对比试验，研究了茶树净光合速率（Pn）、生态生理因子的日变化及施肥结构对它们的影响，结果表明：茶树晴天Pn的日变化呈典型的双峰曲线，有明显的“午休”现象，且受生态生理因子的影响，光合有效辐射、气温和空气CO2浓度是茶园生态系统的主导因子，蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度是生理主导因子，进一步进行回归和通径分析发现，生态因子特别是光温因子对Pn的影响最大。施肥结构对茶树的光合有效辐射、叶面温度、空气温度和湿度等相对稳定的气候因子影响不大，但与纯施化肥、间作白三叶草+不施肥和完全不施肥相比，100%、75%、50%和25%施用有机肥4种处理明显增加了蒸腾速率和气孔导度，显著提高了日净光合速率，吸收和消耗了更多的CO2。以Pn和其他8个主要生态生理因子为指标进行聚类分析，7种施肥结构茶树光合作用系统分为100%和75%施用有机肥、50%和25%施用有机肥、纯施化肥和间作白三叶草+不施肥、完全不施肥4类，其中100%和75%施用有机肥的效果最好。

Abstract:Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is one type of important cash plantsand widely cultivated in the hilly areas of subtropical region of south China.The diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of tea and its eco-physiological factors were studied with Fuyunzaohao(a tea cultivar) as well as the effects of 7 different fertilization applications on them by using a set of field experiments in Dongxishan tea farmin Baili Chalang (113°19′E，28°33′Nat an elevation of 135m).The diurnal variation of Pn showed two peaks under fine weather conditions, which indicated that there was an obvious phenomenon of midday-depression while the eco-physiological factors exhibited some influence on it. Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), air temperature (Tl) and concentration of CO2of air (Ca) were dominant factors in field ecosystem, while transpirationrate (Trl), stomatal conductance (Gs) and concentration of CO2in cells (Ci) were dominant physiological factors. The regression and path coefficient indicated that ecological factors, especiallylight and temperature, had the greatest influence on Pn, however, the fertilization applications had little effects on those relatively stable climate factors such as PAR, Tl, Ta and RH. Application organic fertilizer including 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of full amount of organic material resulted in obvious increase of Trl, Gs and diurnal Pn, the tea plants absorbed and consumed more CO2in comparison with the application of chemical fertilizer, intercropping white clover without fertilization and no fertilization treatments. The clustering analysis of Pn and its 8 main eco-physiological factors suggested that the capability of photosynthesis among the treatments could be divided into 4 groups, e.g. application of 100% and 75% organic fertilizer were on the top class with strongest ability followed by 50% and 25% organic fertilizertreatments, chemical fertilizer and intercropping white clover without fertilization were the next group, and no fertiliztion was the lowest.

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