作 者 ：伍卡兰,彭逸生,郑康振,李旭林,陈桂珠*
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 24期 页码：6927~6934
Keywords:mangroves, aerenchyma, non-tidal habitats, adaptability,
摘 要 ：红树植物自然条件下生长于河口、海岸潮间带。受潮汐作用影响，红树植物在生理、形态、结构上对渍水环境产生了相应的适应机制。其中红树植物通气组织的发达程度与其耐淹水的能力具有很高的相关性，是衡量红树植物耐淹浸能力的重要依据。利用测定孔隙率和石蜡切片面积比两种方法揭示了华南地区5种红树植物优势种：白骨壤 (Avicennia marina)、红海榄 (Rhizophora stylosa)、木榄 (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、秋茄 (Kandelia candel)和桐花树 (Aegiceras corniculatum)在自然条件和人工生境下根通气组织的发育规律，并用石蜡切片研究了茎和叶的通气组织发育状况。结果表明：两种方法测得根的通气组织发育程度的结果相关性显著（P<0.05）。5种红树植物通气组织主要产生于根部，茎和叶发育较少，除了潮汐生境中白骨壤根的通气组织为根、茎、叶总和的48.16%、非潮汐生境中桐花树根为43.81%，其余树种根部通气组织占总体的50%以上。自然潮间带生境中，桐花树、木榄、白骨壤、秋茄、红海榄，通气组织分别为(14.98±3.34)%、(27.83±2.3)%、(29.64±3.17)%、(3009±4.12)%、(42.12±3.14)%，通气组织比例与其在潮间带上的分带性和演替序列较为吻合。非潮汐人工生境下，红海榄、木榄、秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤根部通气组织较自然生境下均有所增加，说明各树种对非潮汐淹浸条件具备一定的适应力。根据非潮汐生境下通气组织的比例可判定它们对恒定水位的适应能力依次为：桐花树>白骨壤>秋茄>木榄>红海榄。红树植物对非潮汐淹浸条件的适应有利于在沿海地区开展人工生境下红树林的栽培与推广应用，研究结果对提高栽培成活率，更大限度地发挥红树林的生态服务价值，具有重大的实践意义。
Abstract:In nature, Mangroves grow at estuarines and coastal intertidal area. They have adaptive mechanism of physiological, morphological and structural characters to the water-logging conditions induced by the tidal effects. The development of mangrove aerenchyma was proved to be highly related to their adaptability to inundation, and also considered as the major factor to evaluate the mangrove tolerance to inundation. The root aerenchyma developments were compared between natural and artificial habitats by porosity measurement and paraffin section for Avicennia marina (Am), Rhizophora stylosa (Rs), Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Bg), Kandelia candel (Kc) and Aegiceras corniculatum (Ac), five dominant mangrove species in southern China. The leaf and stem aerenchyma of these five mangrove species were also studied by paraffin section. Results indicated that the measurements of two methods were statistically significantly correlative (P<005) for root aerenchyma. The most of aerenchyma resulted from the roots for these five mangrove trees. The roots aerenchyma accounted for more than 50% except that root aerenchyma of Am in tidal habitats was 48.16%, and Ac in non-tidal habitats was 43.81% of the sum (in root, stem, and leaf). The aerenchyma of Ac, Bg, Am, Kc, and Rs was (1498±3.34)%, (27.83±2.3)%, (29.64±3.17)%, (30.09±4.12)%, and (42.12±3.14)% in natural intertidal habitats, respectively. This distribution of aerenchyma was accordant to the mangrove tidal zonation and vegetation successional sequence in the southern China coast. The root aerenchyma of Rs, Bg, Kc, Am, and Ac increased in non-tidal artificial habitats compared to natural tidal habitats, indicating adaptability to non-tidal conditions flooding for these mangrove species in some degree. The increase of root arenchyma development was least in Ac, while most in Rs. It was inferred that those species of less adaptive to inundation, i.e. Bg and Rs, increased their root arenchyma more to tolerate steady water level condition. They could be considered as more sensitive to water level change. By contrast, the species of more adaptive to inundation, i.e. Ac and Am, increased their root arenchyma less. This could be considered as a less sensitive phenomenon to water level change. Under non-tidal conditions, the aerenchyma of Ac, Am，Kc, Bg and Rs was (56.38±2.41)%, (40.88±1.03)%, (39.18±1.21)%, (35.70±0.57)% and (19.28±0.63)%, respectively. Judging from root aerenchyma developments in non-tidal habitats, their adaptabilities to the steady inundation condition were as following sequence: Ac > Am > Kc > Bg > Rs. The adaptability of mangrove to non-tidal inundation condition increased the feasibility.The result was important to enhance the survival rate of mangrove planting, and expand planting area for improving coast ecological services.
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