作 者 ：图力古尔*,陈今朝,王耀,范宇光
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 17期 页码：4549~4558
Keywords:species diversity, community diversity, season correlation,
摘 要 ：采用取样调查方法获得长白山阔叶红松混交林蒙古栎+红松+云杉群落、红松+色木槭+蒙古栎群落、红松+假色槭+糠椴群落、红松+花楷槭+紫椴群落、长白松+红松+山槐群落中的大型真菌物种组成和群落结构的基本数据，分析不同植物群落中大型真菌的丰富度指数R1、R2、多样性指数N1、N2和H′、均匀度指数E。大型真菌标本鉴定采用形态学分类方法，凭证标本保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆（HMJAU）。多样性研究结果：（1）共采集鉴定大型真菌238种，隶属于90属44科，其中外生菌根菌 100种；腐生菌 135种；其他3种。（2）在不同的植物群落中大型真菌丰富度、多样性、均匀度指数有所差异，其中蒙古栎+红松+云杉群落中的丰富度指数和多样性指数最高，而红松+色木槭+蒙古栎群落中的均匀度最大；（3）大型真菌子实体的发生在1a中出现2次高峰，即7月中下旬和9月上旬，第1次高峰期的优势类群为腐生菌，外生菌根菌较少；第2次高峰期优势类群则以外生菌根菌为主，腐生菌相对较少。
Abstract:Macrofungal diversity in broad-leaved Korean pine forest was investigated in Changbaishan National Nature Reserve. Sampling survey method was adopted to obtain the basic data of species composition and community structure in different plant communities with Pinus koraiensis. The interval of two released collection surveys is about fifteen days. Five plant communities were divided according to references and the compositions of plant species. They are: Ass. Quercus mongolicus+Pinus koraiensis+Picea jezoensis var. komarovii, Ass. Pinus koraiensis+Acer mono+Quercus mongolicus, Ass. Pinus koraiensis+Acer pseudo-sieboldianum+Tilia mandshurica, Ass. Pinus koraiensis+Acer ukurunduensis+Tilia amurensis and Ass. Pinus sylvestriformis+Pinus koraiensis+Albizia kalkora. The fungal specimens were identified with morphological taxonomic methods and deposited in the Herbarium of Mycology of Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU). In order to assess the macrofungal diversities in the different communities and compare their differences, index of species richness (R1, R2), species diversity (N1, N2, H′) and species evenness (E) were used to analyze all the collected data. The results showed that: (1) 238 species of macrofungi belonging to 90 genera of 44 families were identified; among them, 100 species were ectomycorrhizal, 135 were saprophytic, and 3 belonged to other types. (2) The endemic species of each plant community occupied from 38.03% to 49.41% individually, and the common species occurring in all the plant communities shares 5.81%-7.04%; such a result indicates that the habitat heterogeneity existing in broad-leaved Korean pine forest of Changbaishan National Nature Reserve contributes a lot to the spatial distribution of macrofungi there. The species richness index (R1, R2), species diversity index (N1, N2 and H′) and evenness index (E) are different from each other among the plant communities. The Ass. Quercus mongolicus+Pinus koraiensis+Picea jezoensis var. komarovii has the highest species richness index and species diversity index; while the Ass. Pinus koraiensis+Acer mono+Quercus mongolicus gained the highest evenness index. (3)There are two fruiting peak seasons for the macrofungi each year, the first fruiting peak occurrs during the middle and late of July, species of Mycena, Marasmius and Russula were common in this period; the second fruiting peak occurrs during the first ten days of September when Mycena, Inocybe, Clitocybe and Hebeloma were the dominant genera. The saprophytic species occupied 89.09% of all the species occurring in the 1st fruiting peak and the ectomycorrhizal species were more common in the 2nd fruiting peak. Such a result could give some predictive informations to the mushroom hunters. From the view of fungal conservation, the Ass. Quercus mongolicus+Pinus korainesis+Picea jezoensis var. komarovii is the key and ideal zone for in situ conservation, which needs to pay more attention. The best way to preserve mycorrhizal species is to preserve the living trees they associated with, and the preservation of diverse woody debrises may play an important role in conserving saprophytic species.
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