Abstract:Subalpine forest can be defined as representative vegetation dominated by dark coniferous forest with dominant species or constructive species as Abies and Picea. These subalpine ecosystems play important and irreplaceable roles in shielding neighborhood fragile ecosystem, nursing biodiversity, conserving soil and water, sequestering carbon, and indicating global climate change. Furthermore, diverse assemblages of vegetation and soil in the subalpine forest region provide a natural lab for studying ecosystem processes. Consequently, numerous studies have been given to the forest succession and regeneration, forest biodiversity conservation, hydraulic ecological processes, biogeochemical cycling of bioelements, and subalpine forest ecosystem process in response to the climate change in the past 60 years. As yet, more attentions have concerned about the above-ground ecological process in the growing season, little information was available on soil biodiversity and winter ecological processes in the context of the global climate change in the past. In fact, some researches on litter decomposition and soil biodiversity in cold winter have revealed that wintertime ecological process in context of climate change is a critical ecological process. Therefore, the frontier scientific issues in the future are the wintertime ecological processes, effects of extreme disaster on subalpine forest ecological process, conservation mechanisms on biodiversity, and the interactions between soil biodiversity and ecological process in the subalpine forest in the context of global climate change.