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作 者 ：马东辉,赵长星,王月福*,吴钢,林琪

期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 10期 页码：4896~4901

关键词：小麦；施氮量；土壤含水量；光合特性；产量；

Keywords:wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), nitrogen fertilizer rate, soil water content, photosynthetic characteristics, yield,

摘 要 ：在防雨池栽条件下，研究了施氮量和花后土壤含水量对小麦旗叶光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明，在相同土壤含水量下，小麦旗叶SPAD值、光合速率、Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm均表现为随着施氮量的增加而升高；增加施氮量有利于提高穗数，但过多（300kg/hm2）或过少（150kg/hm2）施氮均不利于穗粒数和千粒重的提高，而导致减产。在相同施氮量下，均表现为花后土壤含水量60%~70%处理的旗叶SPAD值、光合速率、Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm最高，40%~50%处理最低，80%~90%处理居中，花后土壤含水量过高（80%~90%）或过低（40%~50%）导致穗粒数减少，千粒重降低，最终使产量降低。表明花后土壤含水量过高或过低均影响小麦旗叶的光合特性降低，而适当增施氮肥可以改善旗叶的光合特性，增加粒重，提高产量。

Abstract:In this present investigation, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and post-anthesis soil water content (SWC) on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat was tested under proof-rainfall pool culture condition. The results showed that soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, photosynthesis rate, PSⅡ potential activity (Fv/Fo) and PSⅡ photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were increased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer rate under the same SWC. Moreover, increased nitrogen fertilization benefited the increase of spike numbers per hectare. However, over high (300kg/hm2) or over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the increase of kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight (TGW), and in turn it could lead to yield decrease. Under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate with SWC (60%-70%) after anthesis, SPAD value, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm showed the highest, whereas the treatment of SWC (40%-50%) was the lowest and the treatment of SWC (80%-90%) was in the middle, meanwhile, over high SWC (80%-90%) or over low SWC (40%-50%) after anthesis could cause the decrease of kernel number per spike, TGW and final yield under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate. It can be concluded that both high and low SWCs after anthesis can cause a decline in photosynthetic characteristics in wheat flag leaves, whereas proper nitrogen fertilization can improve photosynthetic characteristics in flag leaves, increase kernel weight and promote yield in wheat.

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