作 者 ：孙艳艳,蒋桂英,刘建国*,张伟,唐志敏
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 13期 页码：3599~3607
Keywords:tomato for processing, successive cropping, activated charcoal, soil enzyme activity, microbel flora,
摘 要 ：通过盆栽试验，研究了连作及活性炭处理对加工番茄土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明: 加工番茄连作对其微生物区系及土壤酶活性产生一定影响。随连作年限的增加，过氧化氢酶活性呈上升趋势，而脲酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性呈下降趋势，通过活性碳处理后，脲酶、土壤蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、磷酸酶活性比对照(未活性炭处理)增加，而过氧化氢酶活性降低。随连作年限的增加，连作2a和3a的细菌数量分别比1a降低12.1%和16.8%，真菌数量连作2a和3a分别比种植1a时提高20%和60%，放线菌数量连作2a和3a土壤中分别是种植1a的1.04倍和1.12倍，通过活性碳处理后，细菌的数量在连作2a和3a时分别比对照增加5.8%和1.6%，放线菌和真菌数量比对照分别降低13.0%、23.1%和83%、50%。反硫化细菌数量随连作年限延长而增加，硝酸细菌和好氧性自身固氮菌数量减少。可见通过活性炭处理可减轻自毒物质对加工番茄土壤酶和微生物的影响，从而缓解加工番茄连作障碍。
Abstract:Continuous cropping of tomato for processing in monoculture is commonly practiced, and there have been some problems with reduced germination and plant growth and declining production under continuous cropping sequences. Even soil microbial and physicochemical properties to be the main factor for the barrier, changes in its composition and community structure in a certain extent reflect the quality and integrity of the soil. A pot experiment was conducted to explore effects of continuous mono-cropping and addition activated charcoal into soil on the microflora and enzyme activities of the soil grown tomato for processing. The tested soil in the experiment had been planted with continuous mono-cropping tomato for processing for 3 seasonal crops, and had a severe continuous obstacle. The experiments had 5 treatments with 6 replicates for each treatment, including CK (cropping 1 season soil, 1a), 2a (continuous mono-cropping 2 season soil), 3a (continuous mono-cropping 3 season soil), 2a+C (continuous mono-cropping 2 season soil with the addition of activated charcoal), 3a+C (continuous mono-cropping 3 season soil with the addition of activated charcoal). There tomato seedlings were transplanted to clay pots (40 cm diameter and 50 cm depth, 20 kg soil) at Apr 25, 2008. The results were as follows. Continuous mono-cropping affected the microbial and enzyme activities for the tomato for processing to some extent. With increasing corroping years, Catalase activity increased, and Urase、Saccharase、Polyhenol oxidase and Phosphatase activities decreased respectively. Activated charcoal could improve growth of processed tomato plants to greater extent, and, for example, plant height, stem thick, fresh weight and biomass of processed tomato plants grown in mixed with activated charcoal soil were significantly higher than those in without activated charcoal addition soil. In addition, after adding activated charcoal to soil, activities of Urase, Invertase, Phosphatase and Polyhenol oxidase were higher than control (without activated charcoal addition), but Catalase activity decreased. The number of bacteria in rihzosphere decreased with increasing year of cropping, the number of bacteria decreased 12.1% and 16.8% respectively at 2-year and 3-year, while the numbers of fungi and actinomycete increased, the numbers of fungi and actinomycetes were higher 20% and 60% and 1.04 and 1.12 times than control (1-year), respectively.With adding activated charcoal to soil, the number of bacteria increased 5.8% and 1.6% respectively at 2-year and 3-year, while the numbers of actinomycetes and fungi decreased 13.0% and 23.1% and 8.3% and 50%, respectively. The number of antisulphate increased, but the numbers of nitrifier bacteria and aerobic azotobacter declind respectively. The results suggested that autotoxic effect of tomato for processing on the microbial and enzyme activities were declined after adding activated charcoal to soil, continuous cropping obstacle was also alleviated progressively.
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