作 者 ：魏玉莲*,戴玉成,袁海生,郝占庆,王绪高
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 23期 页码：6348~6354
Keywords:lignicolous fungi, community structure, distribution character, maple,
摘 要 ：阔叶红松林是中国东北地区具有代表性的森林植被，为查明该林型中木生真菌的群落组成和分布状况，以长白山自然保护区阔叶红松林的大样地为平台，2009年对样地中主要建群种槭属树木上生长的木生真菌进行了调查，并对其群落组成结构和分布特征进行了分析。共采集到木生真菌79种，分属于14科45属，总个体数为690。综合相对多度、相对频度和重要值的分析，结果表明该群落优势种明显，以淡黄丝齿菌，白囊耙齿菌，杨锐孔菌，扁韧革菌和云芝栓孔菌为主，5种个体数之和占样地总个体数的45.2%，而个体数为1的26种，个体数之和仅占总个体数的4%。长白山阔叶红松林样地中槭属树木上的木生真菌中，有4种生长于活立木上，其中齿白木层孔菌和杨锐孔菌为病原真菌。其余75种均营腐生生活，其中有55.7%的种类分布于寄主倒木的初始腐烂阶段，属于先锋物种，这对该生态系统中槭属倒木的降解起到非常重要的作用。
Abstract:Pinus Koraiensis forest is a typical forest type in Changbai Mountain, where Fungi plays a critical role in controlling nutrient cycling and debris decomposition. The Changbaishan plot (the CBS plot), the most northern plot of the China Network, was established in 2004 with the aim to understand the composition and structure of the temperate forest ecosystem. The CBS ploth is 25 hm2 including 625 plots sized 20m×20m. Maples (Acer) are the main species of Pinus Koraiensis forest and they are the preferred hosts for wood-inhabiting fungi. To ultimately understand the community composition and the spatial distribution of wood-inhabiting fungi, we surveyed fungi on maple sampled from 325 plots sized 20m 20m in CBS plot in 2009. Host trunks or twigs with a diamenter ≥ 2 cm were identified to species by local forestry experts. All wood-inhabiting fungi which belong to Aphyllophorales were recorded, measured and identified. The measured factors included the surface area, thickness of every fungi fruitbody and their diameter, and decaying-degree of host. Multiple fruiting bodies of the same species, when found on an individual host, were counted as only one collection. In characterizing the species composition, we calculated relative abundance, relative frequency, and importance value of each individual fungi species. There were totally 690 individuals, belonging to 79 species, 45 genera and 14 families. Hyphodontia flavipora, Irpex lacteus, Oxyporus populinus, Stereum ostrae and Trametes versicolor were the five dominant species of this community, which comprise 45.2% of all individuals, while the other 26 species comprise fewer than 4% of all individuals. Among the surveyed species, Leucophellinus irpicoides and Oxyporus populinus grow on living tree and they were reported as pathogen. The other 75 species grow on maple trunk with different decaying-degree. However, the number of species growing on different decaying-degree followed closely a normal distribution while the 690 individuals dcreased with the higher decay stage. Fifty Six percent of 79 species and thirty four percent of the 690 individuals grow on the first stage of decaying. Sixty two percent of species and fifty six percent of individuals grow on the second stage. Sixty two percent of species and twenty one percent of individuals grow on the third stage. Only 14 species and three percent of individuals grow on the rotten wood. The species growing on the early decaying stage are pioneer species which play a pivotal role in decomposing wood debries. They play an important role during the course of maple trunk decaying in this ecosystem.
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