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期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 6期 页码：2445~2445～2454

关键词：种子雨；种子扩散；阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林；长白山；

Keywords:seed rain, seed dispersal, broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest, Changbai Mountain,

摘 要 ：为了解阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林的种子雨组成及其在时间和空间上的动态变化，在长白山阔叶红松林25 hm2样地内，设置了150个种子收集器，收集掉落于种子收集器中的果实、种子等。所有收集到的样品分别鉴定其种类并分为成熟种实、未成熟种实、花序和果实或种子碎片及其附属物4类，计算各类别的数量，而后分别烘干秤重。从2005年6月到2006年11月，共收集到隶属11科12属20种的种实及其生殖器官残体。累计收集到121291粒种实，其中成熟种实23147粒，仅占所有种实总个体数的19.1%。种实数最多的树种是紫椴（Tilia amurensis）和水曲柳（Fraxinus mandshurica），两个树种种实的个体数占总个体数的90%。对2006年5月~11月种子雨季节动态的分析发现：种实在7月中旬至10月下旬数量极大，但主要由未成熟种实组成；在10月中旬出现成熟种实散落高峰，但未成熟种实仍占一定的比例。按每个收集器收集到的成熟种实数统计，成熟种实数量在100~200之间的收集器数量最多。按每个收集器收集到的树种数统计，收集器中最多收到的树种数为7，树种数为3和4的收集器个数最多。对6个主要树种成熟种实所在收集器的空间分布进行分析发现，紫椴和水曲柳的成熟种实在整个样地都有分布，春榆（Ulmus japonica）、糠椴（T. mandshurica）、色木槭（Acer mono）和假色槭（A. pseudo-sieboldianum）则只在样地的局部区域收集到成熟种实。成熟种实的空间分布与母树的空间分布大都表现出明显的相关性，表明这些树种的成熟种实并没有扩散到离母树较远的距离。

Abstract:To explore the composition and spatio-temporal dynamics of seed rain in broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest, 150 seed traps were set up in a 25 hm2 broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest plot in Changbai Mountain. Seeds, fruits, anthotaxy and other in seed traps were collected, identified, and divided into four types, including mature seeds and fruits, immature seeds and fruits, anthotaxy, and others (e.g., seed capsule and seed fragment). They were counted, dried, and weighted by types. From June, 2005 to November, 2006, we collected 47 different types, belonging to 11 families, 12 genus, and 20 species. Total number of seeds and fruits was 121,291, including 23,147 mature seeds and fruits which accounted for 19.1% of the total. Tilia amurensis and Fraxinus mandshurica, two species with the most seeds and fruits, accounted for 90% of the total. Seasonal dynamics of seed rain from May 2006 to November 2006 were analyzed. We found that: there were the most number of seeds and fruits between 15 July and 25 October, but it was composed of immature seeds and fruits. In the middle of October, mature seeds and fruits reached their peak, but immature seeds and fruits still accounted for high proportion. When analyzing the number of mature seeds and fruits in each seed trap, there were 91 traps that contained 100-200 mature seeds and fruits, and 1 trap without any mature seed or fruit. When looking at the number of species in each seed trap, 7 species were the maximum species found in a trap, and usually 3 or 4 species were found in most of the traps. The spatial patterns of mature seeds and fruits of 6 dominant species were analyzed. We found that: mature seeds and fruits of Tilia amurensis and Fraxinus mandshurica distributed in the whole plot, while Ulmus japonica、T. mandshurica、Acer mono and A. pseudo-sieboldianum distributed in some parts of the plot. There were significant relationships between spatial patterns of mature seeds and fruits, and their parent trees, indicating that their mature seeds and fruits were not dispersed far from their parent trees.

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