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作 者 ：赵长星,马东辉,王月福*,林琪,吴钢,邵宏波,Cheruth Abdul JALEEL

期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 9期 页码：4396~4404

关键词：施氮量；土壤含水量；小麦；产量；品质；

Keywords:nitrogen fertilizer rate, soil water content, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), yield, quality,

摘 要 ：在防雨池栽条件下，研究了施氮量和花后土壤含水量对优质强筋小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明，在同一施氮量条件下，表现为花后土壤含水量过高（80%~90%）或过低（40%~50%）导致穗粒数减少，千粒重降低，最终使产量降低。在同一土壤含水量下，表现为增加施氮量有利于提高穗数，但过多（300kg/hm2）或过少（150kg/hm2）施氮均不利于穗粒数和千粒重的提高，而导致减产。在同一土壤含水量下，总蛋白质、醇溶蛋白、麦谷蛋白含量及谷/醇比随着施氮量的增加而增加。在同一施氮量条件下，总蛋白质及各组分均随着土壤含水量的增加而降低，同时谷/醇比也降低。在同一施氮量下，花后土壤含水量过高（80%~90%）或过低（40%~50%）均不利于淀粉及其组分含量的提高。在同一土壤含水量下，过高（300kg/hm2）或过低（150kg/hm2）施用氮肥均不利于淀粉及其组分含量的提高。只有保持适宜的花后土壤含水量和施适宜的氮肥才有利于支/直比的提高。适量增施氮肥或花后土壤含水量适宜可提高小麦的加工品质。这说明在小麦生产中可以通过施用氮肥和控制花后土壤水分含量技术，调控小麦品质和产量的形成，从而实现优质高产。

Abstract:Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and post-anthesis SWC (soil water content) on yield and quality of high-quality strong gluten wheat were tested under proof-rainfall pool culture condition. The results showed that over high SWC (80%-90%) or over low SWC (40%-50%) after anthesis could cause the decrease of kernel number per spike，thousand kernel weight (TKW) and final yield under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate. Under the same SWC, it indicated that the increase of nitrogen fertilization was favor to the improvement of kernel number per spike, but too much (300kg/hm2) or too shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the increase of kernel number per spike and TKW, at last, it could lead to yield decrease. Moreover, Total protein content, Gliadin, Glutenin, and Glisdin to Glutenin ratio could arise with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate under the same SWC. Under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate, Both total protein and its component content decreased with the increase of SWC, meanwhile, Glisdin to Glutenin ratio was reduced. In addition, over high SWC (80%-90%) or over low SWC (40%-50%) after anthesis was unfavorable to the increase of starch and its component content. However, too much (300kg/hm2) or too shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the improvement of starch and its component content. Only keeping suitable SWC after anthesis and nitrogen fertilization can benefit the improvement of Amylopectin to Amylose ratio. Consequently, proper enhancement in nitrogen fertilization or suitable SWC improved the processing quality of wheat grain. It can be concluded that the techniques of suitable nitrogen application and SWC controlling after anthesis can regulate and control the formation of quality and yield of wheat, in order to realize good quality and high yield in wheat production.

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