Abstract:Neotyphodium endophytes are a group of clavicipitaceous fungi that form symbiotic associations with a broad spectrum of grasses within the Pooideae family. The major benefits for grass endophytes are access to nutrients from the apoplast and a means of dissemination through the seed. Benefits to the host include protection from mammalian and insect herbivory, resistance to nematodes and some fungal pathogens, drought tolerance and greater field persistence. Since Read & Camp first reported the close relatio...