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作 者 ：郭彬, 刘琛, 傅庆林, 丁能飞, 林义成, 李华, 李凝玉

期 刊 ：核农学报 2016年 30卷 5期 页码：965-970

关键词：矾浆；磷；水稻土；速效钾；有效硅；

Keywords:alum plasma, phosphorus, paddy soil, available K, available Si,

摘 要 ：为研发一种安全有效的农田土壤固磷技术,利用纯土培和盆栽试验方法研究了不同粒径(5、2、0.25 和0.15 mm)以及不同施用量(0、0.01%、0.1%、1%、5%和10%)下矾浆对富磷(P)水稻土Olsen-P、可溶性铝(Al)、有效硅(Si)、速效钾(K)含量,土壤酶活,水稻地上部K、Si含量及产量的影响。结果表明,矾浆颗粒直径0.5~10 μm,比表面积8.73 m²·g^-1,富含Al、Si、K等元素。0.25 mm、pH值 6.8的矾浆对土壤P素固定能力最优。施入矾浆使土壤Olsen-P含量下降,速效K、有效Si和交换态Al含量增加,且随着矾浆施入量的增加,变幅加大。与对照相比,0.1%的矾浆处理显著提高了水稻地上部Si和K含量,促进了水稻的生长及产量。但5%和10%矾浆处理对土壤酶活、水稻生长及产量均产生不良影响,其原因可能与高量施用使土壤交换态Al含量急剧上升,造成Al毒有关。综上所述,施用0.01%~0.1%矾浆兼具土壤固P和土壤改良效应。本研究为有效控制农田土壤P素流失提供了技术支持。

Abstract:The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different amounts (0%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 5% and 10%) and different size (5, 2, 0.25 and 0.15 mm) of alum plasma (obtained from Wenzhou Alum mine) application in to a paddy soil on Olsen-P, available Al, Si, and K, activities of soil enzymes, K, Si uptake and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhongjia-Zao). Results showed that alum plasma particle was 0.5~1.0 μm with specific surface area of 8.73 m²·g^-1, and was rich in Al, Si and K. Alum plasma with 0.25 mm and pH 6.8 showed the best effect on P immobilization. Incorporation of alum plasma significantly decreased soil Olsen-P, but increased available K, available Si, and exchangeable Al, and the range extended with increasing of applied alum plasma. The treatments of 0.1% alum plasma significantly enhanced the contents of si and K in shoot of rice, and increased yield of rice compared with control. However, treatments of 5% and 10% alum plasma treatments caused negative effects on activities of soil enzymes and rice yield, which might be due to toxicity of exchangeable Al with the relative high amendments of alum plasma. Taken together, application of 0.01%~0.1% alum plasma can be a promising technology to control eutrophication and improve soil quality. This study provided a technical support for effective control in soil P leaching.

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