作 者 ：崔红艳, 方子森, 胡发龙, 牛俊义
期 刊 ：核农学报 2016年 30卷 5期 页码：1013-1020
Keywords:Oil flax, fertilizers application, grain-filling properties, grain yield,
摘 要 ：为探索肥料运筹对胡麻产量的调控效应,在相同氮、磷、钾条件下,以不施肥(CK1)和施化肥(CK2)为对照,比较了施用胡麻油渣(T1)、农家肥(T2)、化肥与胡麻油渣配施(T3)、化肥与农家肥配施(T4)对张亚2号胡麻籽粒产量的影响,并利用Logistic方程y=A/(1+Be-Cx)比较了不同施肥处理胡麻籽粒灌浆过程。结果表明,不同施肥条件下,胡麻灌浆期的千粒重与开花后天数的关系均符合Logistic方程,且决定系数达到0.99以上。影响胡麻籽粒产量的主要因素是活跃灌浆天数,其次是千粒重。不同施肥处理对胡麻灌浆特征参数有较大的影响,其中有机肥与化肥配施的影响最明显。与不施肥相比,有机肥与化肥配施的平均灌浆速率、籽粒灌浆速率最大时的生长量和活跃灌浆天数分别增加了11.33%~11.94%、10.27%~12.27%、2.34%~2.55%,较单施化肥分别增加了4.23%~4.80%、1.29%~3.12%、1.36%~1.56%;并且胡麻籽粒产量分别显著高于不施肥和单施化肥31.74%~59.63%、14.52%~19.18%。因此,在本试验条件下,施肥特别是有机肥与化肥的配施促进了植株生长,籽粒灌浆优势明显,增产潜力最大,为胡麻高产高效栽培提供了科学指导和理论参考。
Abstract:In order to explore the regulatory effect of fertilizers application on grain yield of oil flax (the variety is Zhangya No. 2), a field experiment was conducted under the same amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with six treatments which included oil flax residue(T1), farmyard manure(T2), half chemical fertilizers + half oil flax residue (T3), half chemical fertilizers + half farmyard manure(T4), and treatments without fertilizer(CK1) as well as no fertilization (CK2) was used as control. Furthermore, the Logistic equation y=A/(1+Be-Cx) was applied to analyze the grain filling process. The results showed that the relationship between 1000-grain at grain-filling stage and days after anthesis was conformed to Logistic equation and the coefficient of determination had more than 0.99 under the different fertilizers application. However, the main factor affecting yield of oil flax was the active grain-filling period, followed by the 1000-grain weight. In addition, the different fertilizers application had an enormous impact on characteristic parameters of grain-filling and the chemical fertilizers application combined with manure was the most significant. Besides, the average filling and weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate (Wmax) as well as active grain-filling period under the chemical fertilizers application combined with manure were increased by 11.33% to 11.94%, 10.27% to 12.27% and 2.34% to 2.55% compared with no fertilizer while 4.23% to 4.80%, 1.29% to 3.12% and 1.36% to 1.56% in comparison with chemical fertilizer. Moreover, the grain yield under the condition of chemical fertilizers application combined with manure was significantly increased by 31.74% to 59.63% and 14.52% to 19.18% compared with no fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, respectively. Therefore, the fertilizers, especially the chemical fertilizers application combined with manure in this experiment could promote the growth of plants and markedly improve the grain filling, and more important, had a great potential for the yield-increasing so as to provide the scientific guide and theoretical reference for high yielding and efficiency of oil flax