期 刊 :核农学报 2010年 24卷 4期 页码:809-814
关键词:超级稻 ;氮管理模式 ;辐射利用率 ;产量 ;
Keywords:super hybrid rice , nitrogen management models , solar radiation use efficiency , yield ,
摘 要 :摘要:通过探讨施氮量和氮管理模式对超级稻产量和辐射利用率的影响,为超级稻超高产栽培和育种提供技术措施和理论依据。以超级稻两优293为材料,于2007年在湖南浏阳进行大田试验,研究了农民管理模式、实地氮肥管理和实时氮肥管理3种氮管理模式、涉及7种氮水平(N0~N6)下水稻的产量及群体辐射利用率。结果表明:随氮肥施用量的增加,群体叶面积指数﹑干物质积累总量﹑产量﹑群体光合有效辐射截获量和辐射利用率都相应增加。处理N6水平(施氮量为210kg/hm2)下,产量最高,为99270kg/hm2,分别比其他处理高48%~335%,当施氮水平超过210kg/hm2时,不同施氮方法,处理产量和群体光合有效截获量反而降低;处理N6干物质积累总量和辐射利用率也最大,分别为18537g/m2和159g/MJ,显著高于其他处理。从而表明,施氮量和氮管理模式对超级稻产量和辐射利用率有重要影响,相同施氮水平下,采用实地氮肥管理更有利于产量和超级稻群体辐射利用率的提高。
Abstract:Abstract:In order to explore the effects of different nitrogen management patterns on the solar radiation use efficiency(RUE) and yield of super rice, we used super hybrid rice Liangyou 293(LY293) as the experimental material, and three nitrogen management patterns(seven applied nitrogen levels, N0~N6)were designed as the treatments. The result showed that leaf area index,total dry matter, solar radiation use efficiency and yield of super rice were increased as applied nitrogen rate increased. Grain yield of N6 is 99270kg/hm2, about 48% to 335% higher than that of other treatments.But yield and interception photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR)amount of different treatments used different nitrogen management patterns decreased if applied N more than 210kg/hm2. There is an extreme significant difference of total dry weight and RUE between treatment N6 and other treatments.Total dry weight and RUE by N6treatments were are 18537g/m2 and 159g/MJ, respectively, which were higher than that of the other treatments.
全 文 :!! " # $ !"#$#!"%"%#$-#* )-$% !"#$%&"()#*+&$,-$.*#/#$&0*.+%*+1 1234 !$###+-$""#$###%+#-#*+#& §+m+bÏÆÊØKZºóÁ ú/ ! ûüý ! /· ! $U~ ! þMc ! ¯ÿp ! A! ! "#© " ¨U"%j#"#þ ! ¨U _e !%$#$"-# 5 ! 6 ! ÿ2()ì8WWa=¥1ì8δR]:\] ! !¥51z8-W dT²³ 8Wòóô # ¥§½ "*, !«¬ ! h "##( ¿PÁ
¡¢IJÃ!"# ! KL"@ £WWa " 4WW8/WW , WWWa " ¤§ ( W¤Û %L# )L&& ÷¤¥:1ì § δR] # MNO# ) ÷Rì:ef ! 2Ë33á¥Jð3c¡ì¥1ì¥ ()0dδ¦ì8δR]`{Qef # VW L& ¤Û % ì! "$#d" & ÷ ! 1ìÆ5 ! ! **"(F#d" ! ^_aÂVW5 %F-] ),,F]! ˤÛ2 "$#d" / ! ,« ! VW 1ì8 ()0d¦ì4rs $ VW L& Jð3c¡ì8δR]¿Æà ! ^_! $-,F(6 " 8 $F*bc5hÂVW # vO# ! ì8WWa=¥1ì8δR]0v ?\] ! {¤Û÷ ! R4WW§0h1ì8¥ δR]:d5 # 789 ! ¥ $ WWa $ δR] $ 1ì 1**1F/)*0$#)-10."0"-1.10,"1#0/)0-#"$0($1&H! /)&"##"H$"0 K/11**$F$10F($0/K,1#I(%#$H#$F1 JK08+[8;!2/LPc8+AQ7;!cKL187;+[Q7;!NO/LP Q`;+>?!NO5LPOQ7+A8;< /`LPD:3;<+:78! O^5LJ8+lQ;!Nfb 8`;<+>8; "$F:"+-+"(,-$.*#/#$+! E#%&% ,-$.*#/#$&A%.5+$1./7! :C&%-1C&!E#%&%!%$#$"-# "56789:7$K; ?RI3RS?3MW4?R3S:33T3CS=?TI8T3R3;S;8SR?<3; 67;7<363;SW7S3R;=?; S:3=?47RR7I87S8?; Q=33T8C83;CA "ab5# 7;I A834I ?T=QW3RR8C3! U3Q=3I =QW3R:A>R8I R8C3J87;S:R33;8SR?<3; 67;7<363;SW7S3R;="=3V3; 7WW483I ;8SR?<3; 43V34=! L# )LU3R3I3=8<;3I 7=S:3SR37S63;S=B2:3R3=Q4S =:?U3I S:7S437T7R378;I3M!S?S74IRA67S3R! =?47RR7I87S8?; Q=33T8C83;CA7;I A834I ?T=QW3RR8C3U3R38;CR37=3I 7= 7WW483I ;8SR?<3; R7S38;CR37=3IBPR78; A834I ?TL& 8=**"(F#d" ! 7>?QS%F-] S?,,F] :8<:3RS:7; S:7S?T?S:3R SR37S63;S=B.QSA834I 7;I 8;S3RC3WS8?; W:?S?=A;S:3S8C74A7CS8V3R7I87S8?; "KX/a#76?Q;S?TI8T3R3;SSR37S63;S=Q=3I I8T3R3;S;8SR?<3; 67;7<363;SW7S3R;=I3CR37=3I 8T7WW483I L6?R3S:7; "$#d" B2:3R38=7; 3MSR363=8<;8T8C7;S I8T3R3;C3?TS?S74IRAU38<:S7;I ab5>3SU33; SR37S63;SL& 7;I ?S:3RSR37S63;S=B2?S74IRAU38<:S7;I ab5>AL&+ SR37S63;S=U3R37R3$-,F(" 7;I $F*;3< =>8?6$=QW3R:A>R8I R8C3& ;8SR?<3; 67;7<363;S6?I34=& =?47RR7I87S8?; Q=33T8C83;CA&A834I !"#$ !"##*+$#+"%! %$ !"#$#+#$+"& ()* ! 23<=+#>?.1 ",#&($"$*#! _e¡+4m.1 "d#-#,$$+"$# +,-. ! ½pà "$*&,+#! C ! ¨UáqE ! ;VW ! :G,P] ! ,PÕk^aÙ]Ï % 234$#(,$+%&(,&%-&5+6784$c8;3R$%(@=8;7BC?6 /0+, ! (ÜÆ "$*&%+#! C ! ¨U0ëE ! :G ! VW ! :G]Ò* ! ,PÕk^NkaÙm]Ï % 234$#(,$+%&(,&%-&5+6784$C;S[A@A7:??B C?6BC; !! +ÁÂJK´]_²NgpYw! e¶J KOÊ+g®{BOÉáH)ÁÂ2 !¹JZIJ«¬Á $ )( ! §+ÊWèJK´ ) ͺ´bYr×ó ) 2ró ) »%pZFyæ *#- !! " ! # ! $ "% v çÊ3 % ]À§+yºÝͺý»Ñx ! ÒV2róè ) »%p¶ )*( % ®« ! §+ ´jk^´gbYr×óÊYº ! ¶Om ºgbYr×ó gjº - )$-( % ]Ý ØK®¯íû23ú¥ÙN¹\Ý] ! wÃ1 & ! 2-2Êe¶+bÏÆØ K´¼ÅºóÕ»g,P ! $18 % É4sØK£¥ "*, ÓÔ ! ,Pe¶+bÏ ÆZ+JKJKm´ºóg& ! }ØKê$g+bÏÆ ! ØKº )â²AÍÎaÙÀg4¿} % $! ÓÔmÕÖ 4@4A :; Î4ÓÔØKO¡c " z O # £¥ "*,% jãQ4sÝ "##( ¯¬¨U;sÅ ä·õ* ! 4s¸¹J8J]¹ ! ¹J WOF! D z+ $"(6y{ ,$F$dÊ $#"6yÊL $*F"64@BA pqg<= 4sz{¡Ö7 ! Q» ,#6 " !% Np [ ! , O+bÏÆ $ "¡Æ "Z7R6 Z3RS84893R XR7CS8C3!ZZX#) r¸+bÏ " D8S3+=W3C8T8C;8SR?<3; 67;7<363;S! DDLY# Zrî+bÏ "a374S863 ;8SR?<3; 67;7<363;S!a2LY# Æ ! qÖ L# )L& ( L ,ÏJK "L$ ZZX Æ !L" DDLY Æ !L, )L& a2LY Æ #! ± L# ÊF "#d" #! L$ m L §+ "$#d" !L" m L% §+ $"#d" !L, §+ $$#d" !L& §+új "(d" % DX/0+#" XgýrýQ ÑS DX/0 O " D?847;I X47;S/;74A=8=03V34?W63;S D3CS8?;! DX/0# k L §gÑS $*!"#( % þ,Ïx L §îÌ_9 $ Z9 "% lÔ+L[ åþ ) LûÊ ) s % Z 4ALN"L4"LB ²³E%ý-$Aý-º 27>43$!L7WW483I S8637;I 76?Q;S?TL#!L$ 7;I L" SR37S63;S= "d" # ,Ï SR37S63;S `a >3T?R3 SR7;=W47;S3I [Â±Ì Y2 t È`[qÌ XK í`Ì O0 DX/0 O DX/0V74Q3 § L L7WW483I 76?Q;S DX/0 O DX/0V74Q3 § L L7WW483I 76?Q;S DX/0 O DX/0 § L L7WW483I 76?Q;S rɧ L S?S74L L# # L$ $%# (# "$# L" # s,- "# s,- ,# s,- # $"# !! ,& ),- ,# ,& ),- %# q,& %# q,& # u ,- "# !! s $ t 9i`a% "#I% L?S3$ t 637;="# I7A=7TS3RSR7;=W47;S3I B Z BALC _LL ²³%ý-$gý-º 27>43"!L8SR?<3; 7WW483I S8637;I 76?Q;S?TL,!L%!L 7;I L& SR37S63;S= "d" # ,Ï SR37S63;S §+îÌ " `a%+x #!7WW483I S863"I7A=7TS3RSR7;=W47;S3I#"I# # $% "$ "- , %" %* & &, (# w S?S7476?Q;S L, # ,# ,# $$# L% # , , $"# L # %# %# %# %# "$# L& # % % % % % "( !! 4sþ,ÏgL ) ) ÌV ! ¾ "n " f# $"#Fd" ! L "X " f # $-,F"d" ! Ì "N;# d:6 " "N;Df % ,(O " f#! >§ % pO O\ $#64EJ l·g * ":G + ú>ûþ dqO $: %ÜJ#y ! |qOY % Ü "" /pO ! JN¾ ! ¾ "#I! êÉ`a ! ¢· ",F,C6G ",F,C6% 4sã!bÏ{+§Z§ÕÖe¶ 2 ! à«ëE2FZJ[bÏm.¸ºaÙgJ Kã!bÏ÷ % 4@CA vw $F,F$! Jððì:ô ! ¬[Â±Ì "Y8I+S843R8;< =S7<3!Y2#) È`[qÌ "X7;8C438;8S87S8?; =S7<3!XK#) #$- !% Ì §+m+bÏÆÊØKZºóÁ Á`Ì ".??S8;<=S7<3!.2#) Â`Ì "Z4?U3R8;<=S7<3! ZJ#) õÌ "Y7SQR8SA=S7<3!Y/# îÌö÷ ! ö÷ HQö * "#F%*6 " #! XQýý»Zô¿á ^p ! ±Qýý» J8C?R+,$## 2c$ýpX ! 7ñý»Ñx "J37T7R37=8;I3M! J/K#& á^p éýr ) #Ý ) `[åX % $F,F"! δR] %a7I87S8?; Q=33T8C83;CA! ab5& :ô ! DQ;=C7; v[4fþ " 7^;?WA /;74A=8=DA=S36#! ¬ Y2)XK).2)ZJ)Y/ îÌ ! X þQ´vz&Z>& " #¸» C6# g¼ ÅyÊ ! éF $ ´¼År×ó e" ´ vz&¼Åw + >&¼Åw #E z& ¼Åbw G$##]& | Y2)XK).2)ZJ)Y/ îVö÷lXgá^Zvvrg¼Åy Ê " K;S3RC3WS3I W:?S?=A;S:3S8C74A 7CS8V3 R7I87S8?;!KX/a#! ß:¹if ! 7ñ 4ókþ, Ïg¼ÅºóO % " ¼ÅyÊ e l¬r sqT2]g 07gKD g7;S7<3Xa#" õ¾¿X g * ¼Åw G ´¼År×ó +# $F,F,! 1ìô ! õÌHQ±´ 6 " kX ! HX]Êpiö $# Ýøð`x ) H`% x ) 2róZ»%p ! ¡êÑêë ! Îá ! XKüp ZJ ! |ñJ $%] grÉ % 4@DA LM D/D *F# *xÈ,ÏZ[4 % "! 23m[4 B@4A h7%&³»()røºS¡»ó©øE "F$F$! 1ì§1ìà[< ! H9 , ì^ ! e¶+J K,ÏgØKI L& úº ! **"(F#d" ! [å$ à,Ϻ %F-] ),,F]! m à,Ï "L {2 # !yæç)Bi % L# ,Ïúè ! &*-F#d" % §+%ØKgz§+gͺ «FG ! XYËw,Ï L& ñ,új ! $ à,Ï º $F-] ),F"] % ¶§+ ! e¶+bÏÆ ! ,Ï!; æçBi % ¶g§+JK ! a2LY Æ g L ,Ïm ZZX Ög L$ ,Ï ! _ DDLY Æ L" ,Ïm a2LY Æg L% ,Ï ! Zë×Ñ x!I5yæçBi % ]7Å ! ¶§+JK ! ØK´më×Ñxm+bÏÆ;æç ) % ¶+bÏÆ "a2LY Æ # ! ØKg Zñ,Iz§+ͺ«FG ! ,Ï L& m L)L% _ L, ! ! ,Ï L m L% _ L, !yæçBi ! .§+FGà "$#d" î !L m L& ,Ïz§+ ͺ«FG ! ë×Ñxz§+gFG«¶ " ! ,Ï!5yæçBi % Z CA ý%()røºAøº÷nE 27>43,!K;T4Q3;C3?T7WW483I ;8SR?<3; ?; S:3A834I 7;I A834I C?6W?;3;S=?T=QW3R:A>R8I R8C3 ,Ï S37S63;S yÊ`x W7;8C43;Q6>3R "6 " # H`%x =W8d343SW3R W7;8C43 ñ, =W8d343S=W3R "6 " # 2ró"]# »%p $###+U38<:S"<# rÉ :7RV3=SA834I "d" # ë×Ñx :7RV3=S8;I3M L# $(,F( C $-$F$ CI ,$,(#F# I (%F 7 ""F, C &*-F# 3 #F, 7 L$ "%$F- 7 $(#F* I %$"-%F# >C (%F( 7 "%F$ 7 -*&,F# >C #F% C L" ",%F$ 7 $*"F% >C %#%$F# 7> (,F* 7 ",F% > --,#F# C #F%- >C L, $*"F# >C "#F- 7 ,*%$(F# C (-F% 7 ""F C -,#$F# I #F# 7>C L% "$#F# > $*-F( 7> %$(&F# >C (F# 7 ",F > -&--F# CI #F$ 7> L "$F* 7 $--F( >C %(#&F# 7 (%F% 7 ",F, > *%%-F# 7> #F%( >C L& "%F( 7 $*#F% >C %-,*,F# 7 ((F 7 ",F# > **"(F# 7 #F%& >C !! s $ ¶,ÏP!$m ! Qtu¶9i5yæçBi "JD0!;q#F##! 9 ¶ % L?S3$ D76343S3RR3WR3=3;S=;?=8<;8T8C7;SI8T3R3;C37SJD0#F# 43V348; ?;3C?4Q6; C?6W7R3I 76?;43B !! HÀì^ ! §+d=ÁÂØKúpY gÁÂw! §+´º ! ØKj´º ! §+ "$#d" î ! ë×Ñx®«¶è % ¶îj 9Å ! 1 ØK]± DDLY Z a2LY Æ ! ØKºaÙ$mÏOg+bÏÆ ! ¶§+ JK ! DDLY ÆóyºÝØK gͺ % Êe¶,Ïmßw\P!ê )[4 " 9 % # ì^ ! myÊ`x "Le #F-$* !! #) ñ, "Le#F-(- !! # !æçN f % 7Åe¶§+,Ï ! ØKgͺ ! XY¶´yÊ`gFGZwñ,gͺr³ % "F$F"! Jð3cì ! á^Ï®¯´ gpY]ÏÑS % H9 ì^ ! ¶g+bÏ $$- !! " ! # ! $ "% v Æ "a2LY#! ,Ï L, )L& !á^Ïwz§ +gFG«FG % õÌ "Y/#L& á^KI Ïúj ! $-,F(" ! m à,Ï$Biæç ! ë×ÑxèÝ à§+,Ï " 9 ,#! 7ŧ +JKá^ÏeYyÊ$% % Z DABNNL B`NNM *()røºg6JK-)l7LM 27>43%!D86W43C?R347S8?; ?T=QW3R:A>R8I R8C3 A834I ` yÊ`x W7;8C43;Q6>3R"E6 " # _$ H`%x =W8d343S=W3RW7;8C43 _" ñ, =W8d343S=W3R6 " _, 2ró_% %p_ ë×Ñx OK _& #F-$* !! #F#," #F-(- !! #F$(*& #F%*-, H#F,-," Z EA %h7²³()rde¡»ó+º 27>43!K;T4Q3;C3?T7WW483I ;8SR?<3; ?; S:37CCQ6Q47S8?; ?T=QW3R:A>R8I R8C3IRAU38<:S?TI8T3R3;SSR37S63;S= ,Ï SR37S63;S e¶]NîÌá^p IRAU38<:S8; I8T3R3;S" # Y2 XK .2 ZJ ZJ$ t Y/ L# F- C "*#F T -F C -$"F# 3 $$#$F T $#%$F( 3 L$ &*F 7 %%*F# 7> *-$F# 7 $$-%F( > $"&F# C $&"-F$ C L" &,F" > %$#F CI -,"F, > $$*&F- > $%$#F( I $&F* >C L, (#F# 7 ,(%F* 3 (&(F" > $##%F% I $,$%F& 3 $,&&F# I L% &(F* 7> ,*,F- I3 -"(F" > $#-#F C $,"F" I3 $%,F& I L ($F% 7 %,%F& >C *(&F( 7 $"$,F( > $&$%F- > $(,F* > L& (#F% 7 %&(F* 7 $#%&F( 7 $"*(F- 7 $(,,F# 7 $-,F( 7 !! s $Y2$ [Â±Ì &XK$ È`[qÌ &.2$ Á`Ì &ZJ$ Â`Ì &Y/$ õÌ & ZJ$$ 9iÂ`% $I% L?S3$ Y2$ Y8I+S843R8;<=S7<3&XK$X7;8C438;8S87S8?; =S7<3&.2$ .??S8;<=S7<3&ZJ$ Z4?U3R8;<=S7<3#&Y/$Y7SQR8SA=S7<3& ZJ$$637;=$ I7A=7TS3R T4?U3R8;<=7S<3B !! ¶§+JK ! ´gá^Ïw "Y/ îÌ #! a2LY Æg,Ï L æçºÝ ZZX Ög ,Ï L$! DDLY Æg,Ï L" æçºÝ a2LY Æg,Ï L%% À7ŧ+m+bÏÆÊá^ÏÁ æç & ¶§+ ! DDLY ÆͺØK ´á^Ïwgú+bÏÆ % B@BA h7%&³»()r6 #J/K% E Hu $ ì^ ! e¶+JK,ÏÊØK´ý» Ñx "J/K# gÁ ! { .2 Ì " îÌ L új ! (F&-#! àþîÌI L& új !L# úQ ! 9³¹ z+§gFj«FG % ¶§+ ! e¶+bÏÆ ! ,Ï L""DDLY Æ # m L%"a2LY Æ # ¬ XK)ZJ _ ZJ$ !´ý »ÑxyæçBi ! a,Ï L" ´ý»Ñxº Ý,Ï L%& ,Ï L"a2LY Æ # m L$"ZZX Ö # ! ! H]_²NîÌ´ý»ÑxIyæçBi ! b¬ .2 Ì ! ,Ï L$ ´ý»ÑxºÝ L! H .2 ÌÈq ! ,Ï L ´ý»ÑxºÝ,Ï L$% À7Å ! ´ý»Ñx{B§+Á ! ¶î% ¶§+ ! DDLY Æ m a2LY Æ ! a2LY Æm ZZX Ö ! ¬´] _±%ÌóyºÝ´g²N ) ý»ÌP ) á^g Ï_gͺ % u $! §+ÊØKý»Ñx "J/K# gÁ Z88;I3M?T=QW3R:A>R8I R8C3 B@CA h7%&³»()rde ab5 E Hu " ì^ ! ¬ # )"$#d" §+§¨- ! zà §+gFG ! ´gbcyÊr× "KX/a# z PFG & "$#d" §+ " ,Ï L! ´gb cyÊr×®«¶è % þ]NîÌ´gb "$- !% Ì §+m+bÏÆÊØKZºóÁ cyÊr× ! ,Ï L úº !L# úè % ¶ §+ ! e¶+bÏÆgþ]NîÌ´g bcyÊr× ! ,Ï L m L$ P!5yæçB i ! ¬ .2)ZJ)Y/ , îÌ ! ,Ï L [åº L$$F])F$])$F%]& ,Ï L% m L" P!¬ .2)ZJ _ Y/ , îÌ!yæçBi ! a,Ï L" [åº L%$$F(]),F&] Z ,F,]% H9 & ì^ ! §+,Ï´ºó "ab5# I ºÝe§+,Ï & ¶O+bÏÆ ! ´ ab5 >É9 ³¹z§+ͺ«FG¤ " ,Ï L% ¯2 #& ¶§+ ! e¶+bÏÆ ! ´ ab5 e¶ ! 9³, Ï L" " DDLY Æ # "ab5$F%"# æçºÝ,Ï L% "a2LY Æ # "ab5$F"#& ,Ï L "a2LY Æ # "ab5$F%*# ºÝ,Ï L$"ZZX Ö #"ab5$F%##! ? )!;æçBi % ]9Å ! §+Z+bÏÆÁ ÂØK´ ab5 O ! ¶ª§+ ! DDLY Æ $ a2LY Æ ! _ 2aLY Æ$ ZZX Öóyº Ý´ ab5 ͺ % u "! e¶,ÏØK´g¼ÅyÊr× Z8R7I87S8?; R7S3?TI8T3R3;SSR37S63;S= Z LA h7%²³E()rde¾,-G 27>43&!D?47RR7I87S8?; Q=33T8C83;CA"ab5# ?TI8T3R3;SL+SR37S63;S= "" # .1 8S36 e¶+JK I8T3R3;SL+R7S3 L# L$ L" L, L% L L& ab5 $F$-I $F%#>C $F%">C $F,(C $F"I $F%*7> $F*7 ,!
Ð y,P9Å ! ØKºaÙ ! +ÁÂØ K´ ab5 $$ )$,( ) _ßw\gpYw P ! ¹ÁÂØKº)â²Ag " )%!&!$,!$%( % C@4A ý%º()røºSøº÷nîÙ " de ab5 +ëaÙw\±ÊJK´)UypYÁ gw% §+´ ! ´´j ! ´#Âxm J/K ´ j ! á^Ï´ ! ´ ab5 O´j ! §+ ¨´gåy)B ) :Ä«²]Lp ! ÒV´ 2róZ»%p¶ ) ¶è ! Á º)â ²A % ¬JK]_²N ̧ê+XYÁ´[ ÂZ`x ! ¬±%ÌFG§+yºÝ´2róZ» %pͺ ! ´gybóz+§gFG³Åæ ¶è" ! ®úm´#Âx )J/K ªç f * )$$!$(( % É4s89Å ! ®& ! ØK´ _ñ,z§+ͺ«FG ! ë×Ñxz§+Í º«¶è % ¬§+ºÝ "$#d" «¬ ! úº ,Ï L&! m à,Ï!yæçBi % ¶+ bÏÆ "a2LY Æ # ! ,Ï L% gë×Ñx5 z§+ͺ«FG ! ìYw,Ï L% lÖ g§oO DX/0 O$,Ï L, º ! §+î!YS ! ´ ]_g±%ÌÏZgá^ÊYlV % 2 ! ´gá^Ï )J/K)ab5 I9³z§+ ͺ«FGg" % ,Ï L% g ab5 èÝ,Ï L,! ìYw )§+gîÌ$%)S ! ´g] _²NeV ! «X´ KX/a I¬¶î! ! H« ÒVBi % É,P± ! ´g¼ÅyÊr ×e|¸´v®g&[¼Åb ! e¶´® g!yBi ! OBiÊ ab5 gÁÂk ! y Ý8,P % C@BA %&³»deøºSøº÷nîÙ " de ab5 +bÏÆjÁÂØK´ ) ß w) ´ ab5 gpYw! ¶§+e¶§+Ö ! ,Ï!´`%x ) »%p ) á^p )J/K)ab5 ª5y æçBi ! a2LY Z DDLY Æ$ ZZX Öóy ºÝ´ J/K gͺZá^pÏ ! _gFG % a2LY ÆzÄÖg DX/0 §wOgFj ! Zê»`xFG ) `%xZ»%p¶ ! yÄÖ ê$g DX/0 §wO ! ìYͺ`%xZ»%p ! ×ØúÏOg !a2LY ÆÊ`xÁÂk$ DDLY ÆYQ %!&! -!$#!$"( % É4s239Å ! +bÏÆÊØK´gá ^Ï )ab5)J/K IyÁ % ¶§+JK ! e¶+bÏÆ!;æçBi ! Ê a2LY Æ m ZZX Ö! ! ´ñ, ) á^Ïw ) ë×Ñ x ) þ]_²NîÌ J/K yæçBi !DDLY Æm ,$- !"#$%&"()#*+&$,-$.*#/#$&0*.+%*+1 "#$#!"%"%#$-#* )-$% a2LY Ƭ XK Ì% ! _ a2LY Æm ZZX Ö¬´ ]_²NþîÌIyæçBi ! DDLY Æ$ a2LY Æ ! _ a2LY Æ$ ZZX Ö ! óyº Ý´ ab5 gͺ ! «yºÝͺ % C@CA X%þ&³ù,à()r(>ø-yEß. r¸+b Ï 4 " D8S3H=W3C8T8C;8SR?<3; 67;7<363;S! DDLY#! +bϱ´gJK¥ ººÊg§Æ ! .4gYqÇȹJ? [gyÊÎÒ ! 2c.¸¹JZÜH._OH )}JKg1S ! §âå5Àfþ} JKÊ+gYZXY]NV§+$¯ ! ¬JK XY]NÌ7dýQXk "DX/0# |Xýr+ UµNÑÒ§ ! H«újÅ·¸ÍºÔº ó % 4(W©9Å ! ¬JK]À yºÝÿ+ ) º $"! $&! $( !$* !"#( % É,P9Å ! ¶g+§JK ! DDLY Æ ! ÊØK´gºóZgͺyÅæ gÊ3 ! «yºÝØKº)âg²A ! 1 ]ÀmÏOg+bÏÆ % %! 2Ð + " §+Z+bÏÆ # ÊØK´_ ßw) ´á^Ïw ! _´ ab5 yÁÂk % ØK´_ñ,z§+ͺ «FG ! ë×Ñxz§+ͺ«¶è % e¶§+, Ï!Bim§+y ! «m+bÏÆ; & ØK´á^Ïw ) ý»Ñx ) º óI9³z§+ͺ«FGg¤ % mn1o ! $ (! Ó:÷ ! a¨ê ! ,æË B JK´v2ßmbcH)Ê Þkg,P 1(B ±2"%+# !$**"!""%#$( H$% " (! Ó:÷ ! 7 ! ? ! ä B JKº´H._ aÙ4 1(B ±2"%+4Ò$ ! "##%!& "%#$,( H%$ , (! ï¹ ! ÖÎ ! ÏØ ! Ó:÷ ! ëbÆ ! ¹É ! Q9Ì ! a¨ ê !a?47;I .QR3=:! :^R8=S87; m8SB ͺ±2Kã+ºóg ,Påæ 1(B ±2"%+# !"##"!,"*#$$#* H$$#, % (!f:;8=:8Y!O?R832!O?667n!DQW7W?lL!27d7;?O! 7`676?S?DB L8SR?<3; 67;7<363;S7;I CQ4S8V7R3T3CS=?; R8C3A834I 7;I ;8SR?<3; Q=33T8C83;CA8; L?RS:37=S2:7847;I 1(BZ834I R^?W=a3=37RC:! $***!&%$$#* H$"# (! Q±° ! ëß ! x Ç ! U±ê ! @ ! é B §+ÊK£¥Ù ó ) _C+H)gÁ 1(B ±2"%+# !"##,!,& "(#$-## H-#& & (! À ! Á ! ÿ ! ³_ ! Ó:÷ B r¸+bÏgJK]_ ²NZ?[CëH) 1(B ±2JK+# !"##(!"$""#$$&( H $(, ( (! 76{ ! añÝ ! @º( ! Q-T ! Qsµ B ,§+ÊØ Kvýr]__bcdógÁ 1(B ¨U"%j##$ " <=+#¥ #!"##(!,,"#$&$( H&"$ - (! ïæA ! Úâ ! ¸å2 ! §¾ ! öMµ ! ð¬* B r¸+b ÏʸJKá^ÏZgÁ 1(B ±2"%+# ! "##&!,*"$$#$""-& H""*, * (!0?>3R67;; /! 7^==67; nP! X3;R^Q9X !^ .7l8S71.! /IV83;S?Y //! f4d 0 B^!XR3C8=8?; ;QSR83;S67;7<363;S8; 8;S3;=8V38R8<7S3I R8C3=A=S36=BK;$XR?CB?T S:38;S3R;7S8?;74=A6W?=8Q6?; 67M86898;<=Q=S78;7>43R8C3A834I= S:R?Q<: 86WR?V3I =?847;I 3;V8R?;63;S7467;7<363;S1(BL?V36>3R $$ H$(! $**&! n:?; n73;! 2:7847;IB03WSB?T/7;I Z3RS84893RD?C83SA?T2:7847;I! .7;$#(!X3;7^==67; nPBK;CR37=3I L+Q=33T8C83;CAQ=8;<7C:4?R?W:A463S3R ?; :8<: A834I8;<8R8<7S3I R8C31(BZ834I R^?W=a3=!$**&!%($"%, H "" $$(!OQ==78; Z! .R?;=?; nZ! D8;<: !` D8;<: .! X3;C:4?R?W:A463S3R=QT8C83;CA8;I8C3=T?R;8SR?<3; 67;7<363;S?T 8R8<7S3I R8C38; /=871(B/$"(! À ! Á ! ÿ ! ³_ ! Ó:÷ B r¸+bÏgJK]_² NZ?[CëH) 1(B ±2JK+# !"##(!"$""#$$&( H$(, $,(!D8;C478R2a! YQC:?Ua^ Ba7I87S8?; Q=33T8C83;CA1(B/IV7;C3= 8; /$%(!Y8SC:34JX! D:33:A15!m??IU7RI ZKBX?S3;S874A834I=7;I S:3 3T8C83;CA?TR7I87S8?; Q=38; R8C3BKaaK08=CQ==8?; X7W3RD3R83=! $**-! ,"$$ H&" $(! 7éÞ ! ¡G ! Ý»* B QZ]_%Ì´br×_ [ mgf 1(B k^#$ !"##,!"*"#$(,# H(,% $&(! ! y ! ÖÎ ! ÕÇ ! u:d ! Á ! n ! ï¹ !a1.QR3=:B r îr¸+bÏÊJKZK/gÁ 1(B ±2"%+ # !"##(!%#"$#$$", H$," $((!X3;3=S867S3=437T7R37+>7=3I ;8SR?<3; C?;C3;SR7S8?; ?TR8C3 1(B ?^66Q;8C7S8?; 8; D?84DC83;C37;I X47;S/;74A=8=!$**!"& " H $*"( H*, $-(! Q ! ± ! øÏ2 ! QQÉ ! ñìë B JK`Ìýr+gR ôX,P 1(B !"#$ !"##*!",",#$,&% H,&- $*(!0?>3R67;; /! m8S !^ 07U30! />IQ4R7C:67; D! P8;3=O !^ L7<7R7l7; a! D7S7U7S:7;7;?;SD! D?; 22!27; XD!m7;:^83; Lg!2:?7g!X:Q;<^ g!DS748; X!YQS:QdR8=:;7; X!a7V8g! .7>Q Y! :^7SQW?R; D!D??dS:?;<=71!DQ; c!ZQ a!D86>7:7; P !^ /IV83;S?Y//BD8S3+=W3C8T8C;QSR83;S67;7<363;ST?R8;S3;=8V3R8C3 CR?WW8;<=A=S368; /=871(BZ834I R^?W=a3=B!"##"!(%$,( H&& "#(!0?>3R67;; /! m8S B^2:33V?4QS8?; ?T=8S3+=W3C8T8C;QSR83;S 67;7<363;S8; 8R8<7S3I R8C3=A=S36?T/=87EE0?>3R67;; /!m8S B^ K;CR37=8;;QSR83;S67;7<363;S1(BJ?=.7;?=!X:848;3=$ K;S3R;7S8?;74a8C3 a3=37RC: K;=S8SQS3!"##%$( H$## " çèéê ! Í # %$-