全 文 ：In 1996, when checking specimens of Delphinium
L. (Ranunculacae) at the United States National
Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution (US), Professor
Wen-Tsai Wang considered the sheet J. F. Rock 22852
from Mo-ting Shan, Atuntze (= Deqen), northwestern
Yunnan, China, to be a mixed collection of three different
中国毛茛科翠雀属的分类学研究(三)：拟澜沧翠雀
花、磨顶山翠雀花和粗距蓝翠雀花的名实订正
袁琼, 杨亲二*
(中国科学院华南植物园， 中国科学院植物资源保护与可持续利用重点实验室， 广州 510650)
摘要： 通过标本室和野外观察，发现根据云南西北部德钦标本描述的拟澜沧翠雀花(Delphinium pseudothibeticum W. T. Wang
& M. J. Warnock)与同样根据德钦标本描述的短角萼翠雀花(D. ceratophorum Franch. var. brevicorniculatum W. T. Wang)属于同
一植物，故将前者处理为后者的异名；而根据德钦标本描述的磨顶山(“磨顶”应为德钦县羊拉乡茂顶，故“磨顶山”实应为“茂顶
山”)翠雀花(D. motingshanicum W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock)和粗距蓝翠雀花(D. caeruleum Jacq. ex Camb. var. crassicalcaratum W.
T. Wang & M. J. Warnock)均与云南西北部颇为常见的宽距翠雀花(D. beesianum W. W. Smith)属于同一植物(磨顶山翠雀花为宽
距翠雀花的高大个体)，故将磨顶山翠雀花和粗距蓝翠雀花均处理为宽距翠雀花的异名。
关键词： 毛茛科； 翠雀属； 分类学
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005–3395.2014.04.001
Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China
(III): The Identities of D. pseudothibeticum, D. motingshanicum and D.
caeruleum var. crassicalcaratum
YUAN Qiong, YANG Qin-er*
(Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Guangzhou 510650, China)
Abstract: Both herbarium and field observations have shown that Delphinium pseudothibeticum W. T. Wang
& M. J. Warnock described from Mo-ting (= Mao-ding) Shan, Deqen, northwestern Yunnan, China, is identical
with D. ceratophorum Franch. var. brevicorniculatum W. T. Wang, and that both D. motingshanicum W. T. Wang
& M. J. Warnock and D. caeruleum Jacq. ex Camb. var. crassicalcaratum W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock, also
described from Mo-ting Shan, are identical with D. beesianum W. W. Smith (D. motingshanicum is no more than
a gigantic form of D. beesianum). Delphinum ceratophorum var. brevicorniculatum is currently known only from
Deqen, while D. beesianum is a very common species in northwestern Yunnan. Delphinium pseudothibeticum, D.
motingshanicum and D. caeruleum var. crassicalcaratum are all synonymized.
Key words: Delphinium; Ranunculaceae; Taxonomy
热带亚热带植物学报　2014， 22(4)： 323 ~ 334
Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany
Received: 2014–02–25　　　　Accepted: 2014–04–08
This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program (2013FY112100).
* Corresponding author. E-mail: qeyang@scib.ac.cn
324 第22卷热带亚热带植物学报
undescribed taxa. As a result, in 1997, he and his
co-author for the account of Delphinium of the Flora
of China, Dr. Warnock, described them respectively
as D. motingshanicum W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock
(Rock 22852A; Fig. 1: A), D. pseudothibeticum W. T.
Wang & M. J. Warnock (Rock 22852B; Fig. 2: A), and
D. caeruleum Jacq. ex Camb. var. crassicalcaratum W.
T. Wang & M. J. Warnock (Rock 22852C; Fig. 3: A)[1].
In fact, Munz[2] had previously noticed the mixed
nature of the sheet in US and of another two duplicates,
one (Fig. 2: B) in the Herbarium of the New York
Botanical Garden (NY), and the other (Fig. 2: C) in
the Herbarium of the University of California (UC).
The left part on the NY sheet (Fig. 2: B) conforms
to J. F. Rock 22852B, while the right part conforms
to J. F. Rock 22852C. The upper left part on the UC
sheet is obviously the detached terminal inflorescence
of J. F. Rock 22852A (Fig. 1: A), and the remaining
parts conform to J. F. Rock 22852B. Munz cited the
NY, UC and US sheets, in part, under Delphinium
hamatum Franch. (undoubtedly he referred to only the
parts conforming to J. F. Rock 22852B). To make the
matter more complicated, he had also cited J. F. Rock
22852 under both D. beesianum W. W. Smith[3] and D.
ceratophorum Franch.[4] (a species closely similar to
or even conspecific with D. hamatum; see below);
regrettably he did not specify the herbarium in which
the sheets were conserved. It is to be noted that Dr.
E. D. Merrill, a renowned expert of tropical Asian
plants, named on the determinavit slips all the three
mixed sheets just mentioned as D. caeruleum Jacq. ex
Camb., a species closely similar to D. beesianum (see
below).
In our extensive survey of herbarium specimens
of Delphinium, we found another two sheets of J. F.
Rock 22852. The one (Fig. 4: A) in the Herbarium of
the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy
of Sciences (KUN) is not mixed and conforms to
J. F. Rock 22852B, while the one (Fig. 4: B) in the
Herbarium of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew (K)
is mixed, including J. F. Rock 22852B and 22852C[5],
but was annotated by Munz as D. ceratophorum only.
Through the courtesy of Dr. D. E. Boufford, another
duplicate of J. F. Rock 22852 was found in the Gray
Herbarium of Harvard University (GH). This sheet
(Fig. 2: D) is not mixed, conforming to J. F. Rock
22852B, and was identified as D. ceratophorum by
Munz. We were unable to trace any sheet of J. F. Rock
22852 annotated as D. beesianum by Munz or other
taxonomists.
With the K, KUN, NY, UC and US sheets of J.
F. Rock 22852 and a large series of other pertinent
specimens from northwestern Yunnan before us,
together with our field observations in northwestern
Yunnan, we have been eventually able to clear up the
confusion in which the collection of J. F. Rock 22852
has been involved and to determine the identities of
Delphinium pseudothibeticum, D. motingshanicum
and D. caeruleum var. crassicalcaratum. The results
are presented below.
1 Identity of Delphinium pseudothibeticum
In the protologue of Delphinium pseudothibeticum,
Wang and Warnock[3] stated that it is closely related
to D. thibeticum Finet & Gagnep., but differs in the
stem spreading white hispid (vs. retrosely puberulent,
often glabrescent), the leaves densely white strigose
abaxially (vs. subglabrous), the inflorescence rachis
and the pedicel sparsely hispidulous (vs. densely
retrosely puberulent), and the ovaries densely pubescent
(vs. only distally sparsely pubescent).
The characters given for Delphinium pseudothi-
beticum, however, are actually more reminiscent of D.
ceratophorum Franch. var. brevicorniculatum W. T.
Wang, which was described by Wang[6] himself in
1962 on the basis of four collections also from Deqen,
namely T. T. Yu 9309 (PE), 9356 (PE), 9598 (PE), 9832
(PE)(Fig. 5), with T. T. Yu 9598 being designated as
the holotype. After careful comparison of the type
material of D. pseudothibeticum with that of D. cera-
tophorum var. brevicorniculatum, we are convinced
that the two taxa are identical. In D. thibeticum, the
leaves are divided to the base, the stem, the inflorescence
rachis and the pedicel are all densely retrosely
puberulent, and the bracteoles subtend the flower, and
第4期 325
Fig. 1 Specimens of Delphinium beesianum W. W. Smith. A: J. F. Rock 22852A (holotype of D. motingshanicum W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock, US),
Deqen, Yunnan, China; B: Q. E. Yang & Q. Yuan 3 (PE), Zhongdian, Yunnan, China; C: Q. E. Yang & Q. Yuan 169 (PE), Lijiang, Yunnan, China; D: K.
M. Feng 2514 (PE), Lijiang, Yunnan, China.
袁琼等：中国毛茛科翠雀属的分类学研究(三)：拟澜沧翠雀花、磨顶山翠雀花和粗距蓝翠雀花的名实订正
326 第22卷热带亚热带植物学报
Fig. 2 Specimens of Delphinium ceratophorum Franch. var. brevicorniculatum W. T. Wang. A: J. F. Rock 22852B (holotype of D. pseudothibeticum W.
T. Wang & M. J. Warnock, US), Deqen, Yunnan, China; B: J. F. Rock 22852B (left part, isotype of D. pseudothibeticum, NY), same locality; C: J. F.
Rock 22852B (right and lower parts, isotype of D. pseudothibeticum, UC), same locality; D: J. F. Rock 22852B (isotype of D. pseudothibeticum, GH),
same locality.
第4期 327
Fig. 3 Specimens of Delphinium beesianum W. W. Smith. A: J. F. Rock 22852C (holotype of D. caeruleum Jacq. ex Camb. var. crassicalcaratum W. T.
Wang & M. J. Warnock, US), Deqen, Yunnan, China; B: Q. E. Yang & Q. Yuan 76 (PE), same locality; C: C. W. Wang 69468 (PE), same locality; D:
Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 11187 (PE), same locality.
袁琼等：中国毛茛科翠雀属的分类学研究(三)：拟澜沧翠雀花、磨顶山翠雀花和粗距蓝翠雀花的名实订正
328 第22卷热带亚热带植物学报
thus it is at once distinguished from D. ceratophorum
var. brevicorniculatum.
Based on the above analysis, we place Delphinium
pseudothibeticum in synonymy of D. ceratophorum
var. brevicorniculatum.
Delphinium ceratophorum Franch. var. brevi-
corniculatum W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10: 157.
1962; Munz in J. Arn. Arb. 49: 91. 1968, pro syn.
sub D. hamatum Franch.; W. T. Wang in Fl. Reipubl.
Popularis Sin. 27: 429. 1979; et in Vas. Pl. Hengduan
Mount. 1: 488. 1993; et in Fl. Yunnan. 11: 132. 2000;
W. T. Wang & Warnock in Fl. China 6: 261. 2001.
Type: China. Yunnan: Deqen, Baima Shan, grassy
slope, alt. 3900 m, Aug. 12, 1937, T. T. Yu 9598
(holotype, PE!; isotypes, KUN!, PE!).
Delphinium ceratophorum var. brevicorniculatum
f. lobatum W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10: 157.
1962. Type: China. Yunnan: Deqen, Baima Shan,
rocky hills, alt. 4100 m, Jul. 25, 1937, T. T. Yu 9161
(holotype, PE!; isotypes, KUN!, PE!).
D. pseudothibeticum W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock
in Guihaia 17: 8.1997; W. T. Wang in Fl. Yunnan. 11:
140. 2000; W. T. Wang & Warnock in Fl. China 6:
265. 2001. syn. nov. Type: Yunnan: Deqen (Atuntze),
Moting (Mao-ding) Shan, scree, 4600 m, 1932-06, J. F.
Rock 22852B (holotype, US!; isotypes, GH!, KUN!,
K!, NY!, UC!).
Additional specimens examined. China. Yunnan:
Deqen, K. M. Feng 6098 (KUN; PE), J. F. Rock
23080 (K, KUN), T. T. Yu 9309 (KUN, PE), 9356
(KUN, PE), 9832 (KUN, PE), C. W. Wang 69662
(PE), 69547 (NAS, KUN, PE), J. S. Yang s.n. (PE), Q.
E. Yang & Q. Yuan 73 (PE).
Distribution and habitat. Delphinium ceratophorum
var. brevicorniculatum is currently known only from
Deqen, northwestern Yunnan, China (Fig. 6). It grows
on rocky, grassy slopes at altitudes of 3900–4600 m.
Fig. 4 Specimens of Delphinium ceratophorum Franch. var. brevicorniculatum W. T. Wang. A: J. F. Rock 22852B (isotype of D. pseudothibeticum W. T.
Wang & M. J. Warnock, KUN), Deqen, Yunnan, China; B: J. F. Rock 22852B (left and right parts, isotype of D. pseudothibeticum, K), same locality.
第4期 329
Fig. 5 Specimens of Delphinium ceratophorum Franch. var. brevicorniculatum W. T. Wang. A: T. T. Yu 9598 (holotype, PE), Deqen, Yunnan, China; B:
T. T. Yu 9356 (paratype, KUN), same locality; C: T. T. Yu 9832 (paratype, PE), same locality; D: T. T. Yu 9309 (paratype, PE), same locality.
袁琼等：中国毛茛科翠雀属的分类学研究(三)：拟澜沧翠雀花、磨顶山翠雀花和粗距蓝翠雀花的名实订正
330 第22卷热带亚热带植物学报
Fig. 6 Distribution of Delphinium ceratophorum Franch. var. brevicorniculatum W. T. Wang (■)
Notes. Wang[7–8], and Wang and Warnock[9] recog-
nized four varieties under Delphinium ceratophorum:
var. ceratophorum, var. brevicorniculatum, var. hirsutum
W. T. Wang, and var. robustum W. T. Wang. These
varieties all occur in northwestern Yunnan, and differ
from each other only in some variable characters, such
as the stature, the density of sepal pubescence, or the
length of the sepal cornicle. As indicated by the varietal
epithet ‘brevicorniculatum’, var. brevicorniculatum is
different from the typical variety mainly in the very short
sepal cornicle. It seems better to treat D. ceratophorum
as a polymorphic species, recognizing no infraspecific
taxa. For the time being we herewith adopt a conservative
approach, retaining all these varieties as independent
taxonomic entities.
It is noteworthy that Munz[2] has referred Delphinium
ceratophorum var. brevicorniculatum to D. hamatum
Franch. Although here we refrain from adopting this
classification, we regard the treatment as very likely
justifiable. Indeed, Delphinium hamatum and D.
ceratophorum, which are geographically sympatric,
seem hardly distinguishable from each other and may
better be treated as being conspecific. The degree of leaf
division, the only character by which D. ceratophorum is
distinguished from D. hamatum, is found to be highly
variable in our herbarium and field observations. We
set this problem aside for the future study.
According to the record on the field label, J. F.
Rock 22852 was collected from Mo-ting Shan, northeast
of Atuntze, eastern slopes of Yangtze-Mekong divide.
From this description of the collecting locality and a map
on page 153 in the book ‘Plant-hunting in China’ by
Cox[10], it is clear that ‘Mo-ting’ must be ‘Mao-ding’
as currently known, a place in Yangla Xiang, Deqen
County, Yunnan[11]. Baima Shan, the type locality of
Delphinium ceratophorum var. brevicorniculatum, also
belongs to the Yangtze-Mekong divide and is closely
adjacent to Mo-ting Shan, the type locality of D.
pseudothibeticum.
2 Identity of Delphinium motingshanicum
　and D. caeruleum var. crassicalcaratum
Wang and Warnock[1] compared Delphinium
motingshanicum with D. pylzowii Maxim., a species
widely distributed in Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and
Xizang and characterized, among other characters,
by having black staminodes. Delphinium motingshanicum
has blue staminodes, so it is at once distinguishable
from D. pylzowii. As shown in Figure 1, D. motingshanicum
第4期 331
is no more than a gigantic form of D. beesianum
growing in favorable habitats. The plant is highly
variable. In stature, it exhibits all gradation from large
to small, and the inflorescence varies from a simple
one-flowered to an often branched several-flowered
corymb (Figs. 1, 3, 7). The relatively few oblong-linear
ultimate lobules of leaves, the corymbiform inflorescence,
and particularly the carpel number of 5 (the number
4 should be just an occasional deviation; the carpel
number is usually very constant in Delphinium s.s.,
being 3 or 5) in D. motingshanicum are all reminiscent
of D. beesianum.
In the protologue of Delphinium caeruleum var.
crassicalcaratum, Wang and Warnock[1] stated that it
is different from the typical variety in the stem densely
puberulent, and with longer white hairs and yellow
glandular hairs (vs. appressed puberulent only), the
leaves smaller, 1.5–1.9 cm broad (vs. larger, 1.8–5 cm
broad), the spur of the upper sepal cylindric-subulate,
3–4 mm in diameter at base (vs. subulate, 2–3 mm in
diameter at base).
Our examination of the type material of Delphinium
caeruleum var. crassicalcaratum against the rich
herbarium material (including type material as shown
in Figure 7) of D. beesianum, however, has shown that
D. caeruleum var. crassicalcaratum is identical with
D. beesianum. As shown in Figure 3, the type
material of D. caeruleum var. crassicalcaratum shows
no difference from the specimens of D. beesianum
from Deqen. Contrary to D. motingshanicum, a gigantic
form of D. beesianum, it is obvious that D. caeruleum
var. crassicalcaratum represents a diminutive form
of the species. We assume that Wang and Warnock[1]
might have been much influenced by E. D. Merrill’s
identification of J. F. Rock 22852 as D. caeruleum,
so as to describe J. F. Rock 22852C as a variety of
the species rather than refer it conveniently to D.
beesianum.
Delphinium beesianum is undoubtedly most
closely similar to D. caeruleum in having five carpels,
differing mainly in the stem densely puberulent, and
with longer white hairs and yellow glandular hairs,
and in the thicker, cylindric-subulate spur of the upper
sepal, so they are very easily confused with each other.
Such confusion cannot be better reflected by the fact
that D. beesianum var. malacotrichum Hand.-Mazz.
is synonymous with D. caeruleum[6–8] whereas D.
caeruleum var. crassicalcaratum is synonymous with
D. beesianum as pointed out above. Geographically, D.
caeruleum is more northerly and westerly distributed
than D. beesianum, although they are partially sympatric
in western Sichuan. The former occurs in Gansu,
Qinghai, western and northern Sichuan, and Xizang in
China, and also in Bhutan, Nepal, and Sikkim, while
the latter occurs in western Sichuan, southeastern Xizang
and primarily in northwestern Yunnan. Further studies
may reveal that it is better to treat D. beesianum and
D. caeruleum as two geographical subspecies. From
the stem pubescence, the spur shape and size, and
the geographical distribution of D. caeruleum var.
crassicalcaratum as well, it seems justifiable to place
the variety in synonymy of D. beesianum. Indeed, one
of the diagnostic characters to distinguish between D.
beesianum and D. caeruleum is that the former has
a somewhat thicker spur, a characteristic feature to
which the varietal epithet of D. caeruleum var.
crassicalcaratum refers.
Based on the above analysis, we place both
Delphinium motingshanicum and D. caeruleum var.
crassicalcaratum in synonymy of D. beesianum.

Delphinium beesianum W. W. Smith in Not.
Bot. Gard. Edinb. 8: 130.1913; Hand.-Mazz., Symb.
Sin. 7: 276. 1931; W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10:
264. 1962; Munz in J. Arnold Arb. 48: 506. 1967,
p. p., quoad pl. Yunnan; W. T. Wang in Fl. Reipubl.
Popularis Sin. 27: 451. 1979; et in Guihaia 17: 9.
1997; et in Vas. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 492. 1993; et
in Fl. Yunnan. 11: 144. 2000; W. T. Wang & Warnock
in Fl. China 6: 269. 2001; Q. Yuan & Q. E. Yang
in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 41: 560. 2003. Type: China.
Yunnan: Lijiang (Lichiang), ledges of limestone cliffs
on the eastern flank of the Lichiang Range, 14000 ft,
Sept. 1910, G. Forrest 6694 (holotype, E!; isotypes,
IBSC!, K!, P!, PE!, UC!).
D. calcicola W. W. Smith in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb.
袁琼等：中国毛茛科翠雀属的分类学研究(三)：拟澜沧翠雀花、磨顶山翠雀花和粗距蓝翠雀花的名实订正
332 第22卷热带亚热带植物学报
Fig. 7 Type specimens of Delphinium beesianum W. W. Smith, G. Forrest 6694, Lijiang, Yunnan, China. A: Holotype (E); B: Isotype (P); C: Isotype (K);
D: Isotype (UC).
第4期 333
8: 130. 1913; Chen in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., n. s.,
1: 171. 1948. —— D. beesianum f. calcicola (W. W.
Smith) W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10: 265. 1962.
Type: China. Yunnan: Lichiang (Lijiang), 1910, G.
Forrest 6364 (holotype, E!; isotypes, P!, PE!).
D. motingshanicum W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock
in Guihaia 17: 3. 1997. syn. nov. Type: China. Yunnan:
Deqen (Atuntze), Moting (Mao-ding) Shan, scree,
4600 m, J. F. Rock 22852A (holotype, US!, isotype,
UC!).
D. caeruleum var. crassicalcaratum W. T. Wang
& M. J. Warnock in Guihaia 17: 9. 1997. syn. nov.
Type: China. Yunnan: Deqen (Atuntze), Moting (Mao-
ding) Shan, scree, 4600 m, J. F. Rock 22852C (holotype,
US!, isotypes, K!, KUN!, NY!).
Additional specimens examined. China. Sichuan:
Konkaling, T. T. Yu 13140 (KUN, PE), Muli, Qinghai-
Xizang Exped. 14034 (KUN, PE). Xizang: Tsarung,
Rock 22267 (K), Zogang, Qinghai-Xizang Exped.
11037 (KUN, PE). Yunnan: Deqen, C. J. Chen 92379
(PE), Z. H. Pan & C. Q. Yuan 84152 (NAS), Qinghai-
Xizang Exped. 11187 (KUN), H. Sun & Z. G. Qian
766 (KUN), 69468 (PE), 69525 (PE, KUN), 70146
(PE, KUN), Q. E. Yang 9480 (PE), Q. E. Yang & H. H.
Kong 3239 (IBSC), Q. E. Yang & H. Z. Kong 98-399
(PE), Q. E. Yang & Q. Yuan 76 (PE), 86 (PE); Lijiang,
R. C. Ching 31053 (KUN), 2514 (KUN, PE), 23373
(KUN), G. Forrest 11276 (PE), 27882 (PE), H. Ohba
et al. 1061 (KUN), J. F. Rock 10788 (P), Q. E. Yang
94117 (PE), Q. E. Yang & H. Z. Kong 98-475 (PE),
Q. E. Yang & Q. Yuan 169 (PE), 172 (PE); Without
precise locality, G. Forrest 20204 (PE), 28472 (PE);
Zhongdian, K. M. Feng 2097 (KUN), 2395 (KUN,
PE), 23373 (KUN), Z. G. Qian & H. Sun 0992 (KUN),
J. F. Rock 17248 (IBSC, P), 24738 (IBSC), H. Sun
9034 (KUN), H. Sun & Z. G. Qian 0859 (KUN), 0967
(KUN), 0976 (KUN), T. T. Yu 13649 (KUN, PE), J.
S. Yang 8202 (KUN), 88-1 (PE), Q. E. Yang & H.
H. Kong 3120 (IBSC), 3150 (IBSC), Q. E. Yang &
H. Z. Kong 98-222 (PE), 98-325 (PE), 98-526 (PE),
Q. E. Yang & Q. Yuan 3 (PE), 106 (PE), A. L. Zhang
101093 (KUN), Zhongdian Division 1652 (HIB,
KUN, PE).
Distribution and habitat. Delphinium beesianum
is distributed in western Sichuan, southeastern Xizang
and northwestern Yunnan (Fig. 8). It grows in grassy
or gravelly slopes, and in alpine meadows.
Notes. Wang[5], and Wang and Warnock[6]
recognized three varieties under Delphinium beesianum:
var. beesianum (western Sichuan, southeastern Xizang
Fig. 8 Distribution of Delphinium beesianum W. W. Smith (■).
袁琼等：中国毛茛科翠雀属的分类学研究(三)：拟澜沧翠雀花、磨顶山翠雀花和粗距蓝翠雀花的名实订正
334 第22卷热带亚热带植物学报
and northwestern Yunnan), var. latisectum W. T.
Wang (northwestern Yunnan), and var. radiatifolium
(Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang (western Sichuan). They
are different from each other only in the number and
width of the leaf lobes, two characters exhibiting some
gradation. Munz[3] treated D. beesianum as a polymorphic
species, recognizing no infraspecific taxa. This treatment
may be acceptable, although here we refrain from
doing so. It is to be noted that many specimens assigned
to D. beesianum by Munz[3], as pointed out by Wang[1],
and Yuan and Yang[5], actually belong to several other
species of Delphinum.
Acknowledgments　　We are grateful to Dr. David E. Boufford
for his much help in the course of writing this paper. Our thanks
go to the curators of BM, E, HIB, IBSC, GH, K, KUN, NAS,
NY, P, PE, UC and US for the permission to use their scanned
images of specimens and for research facilities. We thank Dr.
Chen REN for the preparation of illustrations.
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