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期 刊 ：植物研究 2015年 35卷 3期 页码：370-377

关键词：甜菜；铵态氮；氨基酸态氮；生长；碳代谢；

Keywords: , sugar beet, ammonium nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, growth, carbon metabolism,

摘 要 ：采用甜菜（Beta vulgaris L.）为试验材料，在盆栽条件下，施以无机氮（铵态氮）和有机氮（氨基酸态氮）不同比例（有机氮分别占总施氮量33%和67%）配施，分析了甜菜不同生育阶段叶片叶绿素含量、块根和茎叶全氮含量、干物质、叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)、转化酶、可溶性糖、蔗糖、还原糖以及甜菜产量、含糖率和产糖量的变化规律，探讨了不同氮素形态比例对甜菜生长特性和碳代谢的影响。结果表明，无机氮（铵态氮）和有机态氮（氨基酸态氮）不同比例配施在不同的生育时期，对甜菜的生长特性和碳代谢的影响不同。不同比例有机态氮的处理可以增加甜菜地上和地下的干物质积累，在收获期之前，有机氮(占总施氮量67%)处理明显促进甜菜生长，到收获期之后有机氮(占总施氮量33%)处理的甜菜干物质量积累最多；在全生育期，不同有机氮(占总施氮量33%和67%)处理均增加甜菜叶片的叶绿素含量；在糖分增长期之后，有机态氮处理的甜菜块根和叶片氮积累量均大于无机氮处理，说明氨基酸态氮也可以成为良好氮源；不同比例有机态氮的处理可以在甜菜不同生育期提高甜菜叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性和转化酶活力；随有机态氮比例的增加，块根中可溶性糖、蔗糖含量明显增加，还原糖含量降低，对块根蔗糖的积累有促进作用；块根中含糖率有机态氮比例的增加而增加,但块根产量和产糖量以有机态氮占总施氮量33%时最高。

Abstract:We studied the effects of different proportions of inorganic nitrogen(ammonium nitrogen) and organic nitrogen(amino acid nitrogen), accounting for 33% and 67% of total nitrogen, respectively, on plant growth and carbon metabolism of sugar beet in pot experiment. We analyzed the leaf chlorophyll content, total nitrogen and dry matter of leaf and root, the sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS), sucrose synthase(SS), invertase in leaf, the soluble sugar, sucrose and reducing sugar of leaf and root, sugar yield and content at different growth stages of sugar beet. Different nitrogen forms and proportion treatments produced various effects on plant growth and carbon metabolisms at different growth stages of sugar beet. Both above-ground and under-ground dry matter accumulations of sugar beet were increased by different ratios of organic nitrogen treatments. Before harvest, organic nitrogen(67% of total nitrogen application) treatment could promote the growth of sugar beet significantly. However, the amount of dry matter in sugar beet was the highest under organic nitrogen(33% of total N application) treatment in harvest. In the whole growth stage, the leaf chlorophyll content of sugar beet was increased under the organic nitrogen(33% of total nitrogen application) and organic nitrogen(67% of total nitrogen application). After sugar increasing period, the nitrogen accumulations in root and leaf of sugar beet under organic nitrogen treatments were higher than those under inorganic nitrogen treatment, which indicated amino acid nitrogen was a good nitrogen source. Various ratios of organic nitrogen treatments could enhance the SPS, SS and invertase activities in sugar beet leaf at different development stages. With the increase of the proportion of organic nitrogen, soluble sugar and sucrose content were increased significantly in root, the reducing sugar content was declined, and such changes played a functional role in the sucrose accumulation. Sugar content was enhanced with the increase of the organic nitrogen proportion in root. By contrast, both root and sugar yield were the highest when organic nitrogen accounted for 33% of total nitrogen.

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