作 者 ：张振;张磊;张含国*;刘灵;姜莹
期 刊 ：植物研究 2014年 34卷 03期 页码：356-363
Keywords:pine-nut, morphology characteristics, nutrition compositions, fatty acid, clones,
摘 要 ：对铁力红松种子园15个无性系的种子形态数量指标和营养成分组成及含量进行遗传变异分析、相关分析和无性系选择，结果表明：红松种子形态数量性状存在一定的变异，其中种仁重的变异系数最高，为21.92%，种长变异系数最低为8.43%；松籽的主要营养成分由油脂、蛋白质、多糖、粗纤维、灰分、碳水化合物等组成，其中油脂含量最高，占56.55%，变异系数较低为6.76%，碳水化合物的变异系数最高为60.30%。松籽脂肪酸中可检测到11种脂肪酸，包括5种饱和脂肪酸和6种不饱和脂肪酸，不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸（C18:2）含量最高，达到4255%。方差分析结果表明，形态性状和营养成分含量在无性系间均差异显著，多重比较表明，无性系TL1357、TL1383的出仁率较高，分别高出无性系总平均值的11.86%、10.98%；无性系TL1194的千粒重最高，高出无性系平均值24.33%；无性系TL1131、TL1383的种仁重较高，分别高出无性系平均值27.04%、26.37%；TL1194无性系的种长最高为15.77 mm，比无性系平均值长11.69%；无性系TL1024的油脂含量最高，比无性系平均值高10.79%，无性系TL1024、TL1061的蛋白质含量较高，分别高出无性系平均值28.62%、28.50%，无性系TL1194、TL3083的多糖含量较高，分别高出无性系平均值26.04%、23.50%，TL1024的灰分含量最低，为1.49%，比无性系平均值低67.11%，无性系TL1185中多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高，为62.53%，TL1271含量最低为58.23%。相关分析表明，红松种子千粒重指标与种仁重、种皮重、种长、种宽呈极显著的正相关关系，出仁率指标与所测性状均无显著的相关性，出仁率可以做独立选择；松籽组成各成分间除多糖含量与碳水化合物具极显著的负相关关系外，其余性状间相关性均不显著，则可以根据经济性状独立选择出优良无性系。
Abstract:The seed morphology, quantity, nutrition composition and content of 15 clones in Tieli korean pine seed orchard were analyzed with genetic variation analysis, correlation analysis and clone selection. The results showed: there were variations among the pine seeds in morphology and quantity characteristics. The seed weight variation coefficient was the highest (21.92%), while the seed length variation coefficient was the lowest (8.43%). Fat content was the highest among the main nutrition compositions including fats, proteins, polysaccharides, crude fiber, ash, carbohydrate, the content of which was 56.55%, while its variation coefficient was rather low (6.76%), the variation coefficient of carbohydrate was the highest (60.30%). There were 11 fatty acids in pine-nuts, including 5 saturated fatty acids and 6 unsaturated fatty acid, the content of linoleic acid was the highest among all unsaturated fatty acids (42.55%). Variance analysis showed that there were significant differences among clones in morphological traits and nutrient contents. Multiple comparisons showed that the kernel percentages of TL1357 and TL1383 were higher than the others and they were 11.86% and 10.98 higher the average of clones, respectively. Seed weight of TL1194 was the highest and it was 24.33% higher than the average. Kernel weights of TL1131 and TL 1383 were the highest and they were 27.04% and 26.37% higher than average. Seed length of Tl1194 was 15.77 mm, which was the longest among all clones and 11.69% longer than the average. Fat content of TL1024 was the highest and it was 10.79% higher than the average. Protein contents of TL1024 and TL1061 were the highest and they were 28.62% and 28.50% higher than the average, respectively. Polysaccharide contents of TL1194 and TL3083 were the highest and they were 26.04% and 23.50% higher the average, respectively. Ash of TL1024 was the least, it was 1.49% and 67.11% less than the average. Unsaturated fatty acid content of TL1185 was the highest(62.53%) while TL1271 was the least (58.23%). Correlation analysis showed that seed weight was highly significantly positively correlated with the kernel weight, testa weight, seed length, and seed width, there was no correlation between kernel percentage and the other indices, hence, this characteristic could be used for independent selection. Polysaccharides content was significantly negatively correlated with carbohydrate content while there was no significant correlation among main nutrition compositions, hence, most nutrition compositions could be used for independent selection to select excellent clones.