摘 要 ：运用显微观察技术对蕨(Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum)配子体发育和卵发生进行了研究。结果表明：(1)蕨孢子黄褐色，四面体形，具三裂缝，接种后3～7 d萌发，经丝状体和片状体阶段发育成原叶体，成熟原叶体雌雄异株或同株。(2)蕨颈卵器产生于生长点下方的表面细胞(颈卵器原始细胞)，该细胞经2次分裂形成3层细胞，其上层和下层细胞发育为颈卵器壁细胞，中间细胞为初生细胞，它经2次不等分裂产生3个细胞，分别为卵细胞、腹沟细胞和颈沟细胞；刚产生时，此3个细胞紧贴颈卵器壁，细胞质内液泡较多，随着发育，卵细胞和腹沟细胞之间产生了分离腔，但二者通过孔区相连，在卵细胞上表面可观察到卵膜；此后，颈沟细胞和腹沟细胞逐渐退化，颈卵器壁细胞内具有黑色颗粒物质。连续切片观察发现，成熟卵细胞上表面中央具有受精孔。卵发生的细节尚需超微结构的研究。
Abstract:The development of gametophytes and oogenesis of the fern Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum was studied using microscopical techniques. The spores are brown, tetrahedral and trilete. The spores germinate about 3-7 days after being sowed. They develop into prothallia through filament and plate stages. The adult prothallia are usually dioecious or hermaphroditic. Section observations show that the archegonium of the P.aquilinum var. latiusculum develops from a superficial cell, i.e. the initial cell of archegonium, which forms a tier of three cells by two divisions. The upper and lower cells develop into the jacket cells of the archegonium. The middle cell, i.e. the primary cell,finally develops into an egg, a ventral canal cell and a neck canal cell by two unequal divisions. When new formed, the periphery of the three cells is appressed closely to the jacket cells of the archegonium. A large amount of vesicles are seen in the cytoplasm. During maturation, a separation cavity occurs between the egg and the ventral canal cell, but a pore region persistently connects the two cells. Simultaneously, the egg membrane is formed in the upper surface of the egg. Thereafter, the neck canal cell and ventral canal cell degenerate gradually. Some black granular substances appear in the jacket cells of archegonium. Series sections show that a fertilization pore appears in the central region of the upper surface of the mature egg. The ultrastructural observations are needed to elucidate the detailed cytological features of oogenesis.