全 文 ：植　　　物　　　研　　　究
BULLETIN OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH
第 18 卷　第 2 期 1998 年　4 月
Vol.18　No.2 April , 　1998
中国黑龙江省异极藻科植物研究
范亚文　包文美　王全喜
(哈尔滨师范大学生物系 , 哈尔滨　150040)
摘　要　报道了采自中国黑龙江省(包括吉林 、内蒙古的部分地区)的异极藻科植物
3属 25种24变种 6变型。其中 2种 7变种 3变型为中国新记录。我们初步探讨了
黑龙江省异极藻科植物的分布特征并对这些新记录进行了描述和讨论 ,此外还附有
全部分类单位的照片及其生境和分布一览表 。
关键词　异极藻科;黑龙江省;中国
INVESTIGATION ON GOMPHONEMACEAE
FROM HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE IN CHINA
Fan Ya-wen　Bao Wen-mei　Wang Quan-xi
(Department of Biolog y Harbin No rmal University ,Harbin 150040)
Abstract　A taxonomic study of Gomphonemaceae f rom Heilongjiang province , (in-
cluding a part region of Jilin and Neimonggu)China , is repo rted in this paper , 3 gener-
a , 25 species , 24 varieties and 6 forms were observed.Of these taxa , 2 species , 7 vari-
eties and 3 forms represent new reco rds for China.Fo r each taxon , i ts dist ribution ,
and photograph are presented.The dist ribution character of Gomphonemaceae and 12
new record taxa in China are described and discussed.
Key words　Gomphonemaceae;Heilong jiang province;China
Introduction
Early invest ig at ions done on diatoms from Heilongjiang province of China w as Skvo rtzow
(1928-1976).In all these papers a to tal of 35 tax a of Gomphonema were reported.there are
few study on diatom from Heilongjiang province except his works.Since 1977 plenty of di-
atoms from Heilongjiang province being collected , only 20 sites are studied in this paper.This
本文由蔡火石生命发展科学基金资助。　收稿日期:1997-10-8
research represents the f irst report on taxonomy of Gomphonemaceae f rom Heilongjiang
province and provides a taxonomic material for the diatom flora of China.
Material and Methods
The amount of samples w ere taken during 1977-1987 in dif ferent area of Heilongjiang
province.They were found in various habitats , that are in standing w ater and f low ing w ater ,
plankton o r benthos.The samples w ere preserved in 5% fo rmalin solut ion , and subsamples
w ere treated by conventional methods for observat iion in permanet slides under oil immersion
objective by the phase contrast microscope and photog raphed wi th a Olympus camera.
Results and Discussion
Heilong jiang province is located at the northestern China.Most of this area show s temper-
ate zone and cold temperate zone.There are plenty of algae in this region.According to phy si-
cal geog raphy dist ribution , our study area may be subdivided into 5 areas:area I(Daxinganling
mountain), areaⅡ(Xiaox inganling mountain), area Ⅲ(Eastern hill), areaⅣ(Sanjiang plain),
area Ⅴ(Songnen plain).
Taxa , habitat and distribution of Gomphonemaceae in relation to these 5 area were stud-
ied.(Table 1.)
Table 1　 List of taxa , its Habitat and Distribution in study Areas
Taxa
Habi tat
Area Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
Flow ing
w ater
Standing
water
Flowing
water
S tanding
w ater
Flow ing
w ater
Standing
w ater
Flow ing
w ater
Standing
water
Flowing
w ater
S tanding
w ater
P B P B P B P B P B P B P B P B P B P B
Gom phonema apicatum ＊ +
G.augur + + + + + + + + +
G.augur var.gautieri + +
G.augur var.okamure ＊ + +
G.acuminatum + + + + +
G.acuminatum var.
brebisson ii. + + + + + + +
G.acuminatum var.
cornata
+ + + + + +
G.acuminatum var.
elongatum ＊
+
G.acuminatum var.
intermedia
+ + + + +
G. acuminatum var.
pusi l la
+ + + + + +
G.acuminatum var.
trigonocephala
+ + + + + + + +
244 植　　物　　研　　究 18卷
　　Continuity of table 1:
Taxa
Habi tat
Area Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
Flow ing
w ater
Standing
water
Flowing
water
S tanding
w ater
Flow ing
w ater
Standing
w ater
Flow ing
w ater
Standing
water
Flowing
w ater
S tanding
w ater
P B P B P B P B P B P B P B P B P B P B
G.acuminatum var.
trigonocephala
f.acuminatoides＊
+ +
G.tur ris +
G.mar tini var. gen-
uinum
+
G.longiceps +
G.longiceps var.
montana f.m inu ta + + +
G.sphaerophorum + + + + + + +
G.subt i le var.sagi tta +
G.constrictum + + + + + +
G.constrictu var.
capi tatum
+ +
G.constrictum var.
capi tatum f.ita llum +
G.constrictum var.
capi tatum f.turgida + +
G.constrictum var.
capi tatum f.ven tr icose ＊ + + +
G.constrictum var.
elongata ＊
+
G.montana + +
G.subclavatum + + + + + +
G.subclavatu var.
comm utatum ＊
+ + +
G.lanceolatum + + + +
G.lanceolatum var.
insignis
+
G.graci lis + + + + + + + +
G.parvu lum + + + + + + + +
G.parvu lum var.
micropus
+ +
G.angustatum + + + + + + + + +
G.angustatum var.ci t-
era＊
+ + +
G.angustatum var.
obtusa tum ＊
+ +
2452期 范亚文等:中国黑龙江省异极藻科植物研究(英)
　　Continuity of table 1:
Taxa
Habi tat
Area Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
Flow ing
w ater
Standing
water
Flowing
water
S tanding
w ater
Flow ing
w ater
Standing
w ater
Flow ing
w ater
Standing
water
Flowing
w ater
S tanding
w ater
P B P B P B P B P B P B P B P B P B P B
G.angustatum var.
sarcophagus
+ + + +
G.angustatum var.
sarcophagus
+ + +
G.angustatum var.
undulata ＊
+ +
G.tenellum + + + + +
G.intr icatum + +
G.intr icatum var.
dichtom um
+ + + + + + +
G.intr icatum var.
vibr io
+
G.tergest inum + +
G.clevei + + + + + + +
G.manubr ium ＊ + + +
G.vastum var.elongata
G.abbreviatum +
G.ol ivaceum + + + + +
G.olivaceum var.cal-
care
+
G.instabl is f.wanqi i +
G.sim us +
G.semiapertum + +
Gom phoneis
quadr ip unctatum
+ + + +
G.ol ivaceoides + + + + +
Didymosphen ia gem inata + +
＊ new record taxa for C hina　P:plankton　B:bethos　+:occurrence
Distributional character of Gomphonemaceae of study area is as follow s.
There are plenty of Gomphonemaceae in 5 areas.In this paper , 3 genera 25 species 24 va-
rieties and 6 forms are observed , 2 species 7 varieties and 3 forms are first repo rted f rom China.
Area Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ are belong to mountain regions , and area IV , V belong to plain regions.In
mountain regions area I(Daxinganling mountain)is si tuated in the northernmost China , Daxin-
ganling Mountain is an elevation of 1000-1400 meters , Xiaox inganling Mountain and Eastern
hill(areaⅡand areaⅢ)are elevation of 600-1000meters , the atmospho ric temperature is low .
But there are numerous f lowerishing plants , developed rivers systems and less polluted and olig-
ot rophic water.Where 3 genera 25 species 24 varieties and 5 fo rms are identified(98%of total
246 植　　物　　研　　究 18卷
taxa).Because of high elevation , low temperature and cool w aters , a number of oligo trophic
and cool tax a are represented in this area , they are :Gomphone acum inatum var.intermedia ,
G.acuminatum var.pusil la , G.subti le var.sagi tta , G.longiceps , G.longiceps var.
monta f .minuta , G.angustata , G.constricta var.elongata f .turgita , G.ol ivaceum ;
Gomphoneis olivaceoides and Didymosphenia geminata .And some endemic species occur in the
high elevation and the colder regions.They are:G.longiceps var.monta , G.ol ivaceum and
Didymosphenia geminata etc.And G.longiceps var.monta was named a new taxon by
Skvortzow from Xibreia in 1938 , he thought it w as a special species in the cold region.
Samples in plain regions are collected in w aters and rivers from some cities , such as :
Harbin(Songhua river), Qiqihar and Daqing etc.17 species 8 varities and 2 forms(20.8% of
total tax a)are observed in these place , the number of species is less than mountain regions , al-
most common and eutrophic , as:Gomphonema parvulum , G.angustatum var.citera.etc.It
is proved that there are some polluted and eutrophic in plain regions.
It is worth to mention that Skvortzow(1928-1976)represented the important reference
for Heilongjiang province in comparison w ith this paper.He made some collections of diatom in
Kihing M ountains in the envirous of Fuleierdi Railw ay station in 1928 , 8 taxa were reported.
In 1976 , he had studied in Xingan Mountains , 6 species and 5 variet ies were represented , there
w ere few references about environmental and geog raphical features in his tw o papers.All of his
taxa included in ours , except three new taxa:Gomphonema hinganicum Skv., G.hinganicum
var.apiculatum Skv., G.xiphoiclea Skv.and G.longiceps var.australium Skv..His de-
scriptions and illust rations were researched and regarded some of them as synonym tentatively.
For example:G.longiceps var.australium Skv.is a synonym of G.longiceps var.subclavata
Grum.
New record Taxa for China
1.Gomphonema apicatum Ehr.pl.I.f.9
　Gomphonema apicatum Ehr., Mikrogeol., pl.9(1), f.41(a ,b);pl.2(2), f.43 ,1854;
Hustedt , p.372 , f.696 , 1930;Patrick et Reimer , II(I):110 , pl.15 , f.1 ,1975.
Valve calvate , apice with apiculate.Broadest portion of value near apex;ax ial area narrow ,
central are t ransverse , one side with an isolated punctum , striae radiate , 10 in 10μ, Length ,
35μ.Breath , 5μ.
Locality :Heilong jiang:Mehe B-0756
Habitat:pond , at tached.
2.Gomphonema augur var.okamure Skv.pl.I.f.19
　Gomphonema augur var.okamure Skv.Diatoms from Ikedra lake , Satsuma province
Kiusiu island , Nippon.Philippine J.Sci.62(2):209 , pl.4 , f.13.
Valve clavate , w ith slight undulate-apiculate apex and narrow obtuse base.Axial area
narrow.On one side of the central area wi th st riae bounding the area ending in an isloated
punctum , on the other side the striae ending in 3 isolated puncta.Sriae silgt ly radiate , 9-10
2472期 范亚文等:中国黑龙江省异极藻科植物研究(英)
in 10μ.Leng th , 38-46μ.Breadth , 11-14μ.
Dif fers from G.augur var.gautieri by presence of the central area wi th several isolated
puncta.
Locality :Heilong jiang:Mehe B-0756 , Jiangbohu B-0369.
Habitat:pool , pond , attached.
3.Gomphonema acuminatum var.elongatum(W.Sm.)Carr.pl.1.f.5.
　Gomphonema acuminatum var.elongatum(W.Sm.)Carr.In Gray , Handb.Brit.
Wat.-Weeds or Alg ., p.103.1864;Patrick et Reimer , II(I):113 , pl.15 , f.5 , 1975;
German , p.301 , pl.110 , f.5 , 6 , 1981.
　Gomphonema acuminatum var.elongatum f.typica., Cleve -Euler , p.173 , f.
1263e , 1955.
Valve gibbous in the median portion and constricted toward bo th ends , the basis capitate.
Axial area dist inct , central area round , the median striae on the one side ending in an isolated
punctum , striae 11-12 in 10μ.Length , 52-65μBreath , 8-9μ.
Locality :Heilong jiang:Jingbolake B-0369 , Mudianjiang B-0045.
Habitat:pond;at tached to w aterw eeds.
3a.Gomphonema acuminatum var.trigonocephala f.acuminatoides pl.I.f.8
　Gomphonema acuminatum var.trigonocephala f.acuminatoides., Mayer , Die Bay-
erischen comphonemen.Denkschr.Bayer.Bot.Ges., p.96 , pl.II , f.3-5 , 1928;Cleve-
Euler , f.126n , o , 1955
Frustule small , apex const ricted , basis w edge , the broadest portion of valve at the apex.
striae , 12 in 10μ.Leng th , 21-24μ.Breath , 7-8μ.
Locality :Heilong jiang:Mehe B-0737 , Jingbo lake B-0384.
Habitat:pond , lake , at tached.
4.Gomphonema martini var.genuinum Frick.pl.I.f.24.
　Cleve-Euler , p.181 , f.1275d , 1955
　Valve line lanceolate , end of apex w ith apiculate , middle swollen , grantully narrow to
basis.Ax ial area distinct.End of median st riae w ith punctum , st riae radiate , 8 in 10μ.
Length , 6-51μ.Breath , 8μ.
Locality :Heilong jian:Mehe B-0738.
Habitat:pond , at tached.
5.Gomphonema constrictum var.capitatum f.ventricosa pl.I.f.15.
　Gomphonema constrictum var.capitatum f.ventricosa , Mayer , Die BayerischenGom-
phonemen.Denkschr.Bayer.Bot.Ges., p.93 , pl.f.13 , 1928;Cleve-Euler , p.173 , f.
1261 , 1955
　Valve gibbous distinctly in the center , basis narrow distinctly .Axial area board , central
area small;median st riae irregularly short , 12-13 in 10μ.Length , 24-35.5μ.Breath , 11
-14μ.
Locality :Heilong jiang:Singkai lake B-0452 , B-0454 , B-0469;Jilin:Taonian:B-
248 植　　物　　研　　究 18卷
0048.
Habitat:pond , at tached;river , f loated.
5a.Gomphonema constrictum var.elongata Perag.and Herib.pl.I.f.16
　Gomphonema constrictum var.elongata Perag.and Herib.in Herib., Diat.Au-
vergne , p.53.1893;Foged , p.98 , pl.IV , f.6 , 1981.
　Gomphonema trunctum var.elongata(Perag.and Herib.)Patr., Patrick et Reimer ,
II(I):120 , pl.16 , f.8 , 1975.
Valve elongate large , apex broadly rounded.Valve much narrowed between the apex and
middle of the valve , also narrow ing tow ard the basis w hich is rounded.Raphe line;one median
stria ending in an punctum , central striae radiate , the apex and basis becoming parallel , 12 in
10μ.Length , 52μ.Breadth , 8μ.
Locality :Heilong jiang.Jingbo lake B-0369.
Habitat:pond , at tached to w ater weeds.
6.Gomphonema subclavatum var.commutatum(Grun.)A.Mayer.pl.II.f.4.
　Gomphonema subclavatum var.commutatum(Grun.)A.Mayer., Denkschr.Bayer.
Bot.Ges.Regensburg , 17(N.F.9):113 , pl.3 , f.11 , 1928;Patrick et Reimer , I I(1):
29 , pl.16 , f.11 , 1975.
Valve clavate , the w idest portion is at the center of valve , apex and basis round.Axial
area distinct , central area round;one of the median st riae ending in an isolated punctum;striae
radiate , 12-13 in 10μ.Length , 35.5μ.Breath , 6-7μ.
Locality :Heilong jiang:Mohe B-0740 , Suifenghe B-0095 , B-0101;Jilin:Taonan B
-0788.
Habitat:river , float;river , pond , at tached.
7.Gomphonema angustatum var.citera(Hohn.et Hellerm.)Patr.pl.II.f.10.
　Gomphonema angustatum var.citera(Hohn.et Hellerm .)Patrick et Reimer , II(I):
125 , pl.17.f.14.1975.
Valve clavate , apex wider than the basis , greatest w idth at the middle.Axial area nar-
row , raphe line , striae radiate and appearing somewhat curved , becoming parallel tow ard the
ends of the valve , 10-12 st riae in 10μ.Length , 22-26μ.Breath , 5-6μ.
Patrick et Reimer(1975)emphasis the apex of this taxon without st riae , but this character
in our specimen is indistinctly.
Locality :Heilongjiang:Yichun B-0603 , Suifenghe B-0142;Jilin Changbai mountain
86185.
Habitat:river , at tached to stone.
7a.Gomphonema angustatum var.obtusatum(Kǜtz.)Grun.pl.II.f.11.
　Gomphonema angustatum var.obtusatum(Kǜt z)Grun.in V.H ., Syn.Diat.Bel-
gique , pl.24 , f ig s.43-45.1880., Mayer , p.108 , pl.II , f.38 , 1928;Cleve-Euler , p.
179 , f.1270d , 1975;Patrick et Reimer , II(I):126 , pl.17 , f.12 , 1975.
Valve clavate , end round or slight rostrate.Axial area narrow , one median striae short ,
2492期 范亚文等:中国黑龙江省异极藻科植物研究(英)
the other st riae with one punctum , striae radiate , 9 -11 st riae in 10μ.Leng th.28 -32μ.
Breath.6-10μ.
Locality :Heilong jiang:Qiqihaer B-0227;Jilin:Changbai mountain 86177.
Habitat:pond , float;spring , at tached.
7b.Gomphonema angustatum var.undulate Grun.pl.II.f.13 , 14.
Hustedt , p.373 , f.694 , 1930;Cleve-Euler , p.179 , f.1270f , 1955;Foged , p.97 ,
pl.LIII , f.9-14 , 1981.
Two side of valve t riundulate dist inct ly , basis and apex round or rost rate.Striae robust ,
parallel silghly , 6-7 in 10μ.Leng th , 37-41μ.Breath , 7-8.5μ.
Locality :Heilong jiang:Wuyiing B-0506 , B-0533 , B-0618.
Habitat:spring , f lost;pool , at tached.
8.Gomphonema manubrium Frick.pl.II.f.19.
　Gomphonema manubrium Fricke in A.S., Atlas Diat., pl.248 , fig.12.1904;
Patrick et Reimer , II(I):138 , pl.18 , f.8 , 1975.
Valve broadest in the middle , g radually narrowed toward the rounded apex capitate basis.
Axial area and central area fo rming a broad lanceolate.Striae short , marginal , radiate through-
out most of the valve.An isolate puncta at the edge of the central nodule.Striae , 15 in 10μ.
Length , 40-42μ.Breadth , 7-8μ.
This taxon is related to Gomphonema abbreviatum ., G.abbreviatum is more smaller ,
no isolated punctum at the edge of the central nodule.
Locality :Heilong jiang:Mudanjiang B-0007 , B-0016 , Tongjiang , B-0687.
Habitat:pond , adhere;rever , f loat.
References
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-88
16.Mayer A.Die Bayerischen Gomphonemen.Denkschr.Bayer.Bot.Ges., 1928
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Explanation of Plates
Plate Ⅰ 　1.Gom phonema acuminatum ;2.Gomphonema acuminatum var.cornata;3.Gom phonema acuminatum var.
brebissoni i;4.Gomphonema acum inatum var.pusil la;5.Gomphonema acum inatum var.elongatum;6.Gomphonema
acuminatum var.in teremed ia;7.Gomphonema acuminatum var. trigonocephala;8.Gomphonema acum inatum var.
t rigonocephala f.acum inatoides;9.Gomphonema apicatum ;10.Gom phonema subt i le var.sagi tta;11.Gom phonema con-
st rictum;12.com phonema constrictum var.capitatum;13.Gom phonema constrictum var.capitatum f.itallum ;14.
Gomphonema constrictum var.capitatum f.turgida;15.Gomphonema constrictum var.capitatum f.ventr icosa;16.
Gomphonema constrictum var.elongatum ;17.Gomphonema sphaerophorum ;18.Gomphonema turr is;19.Gomphonema
augur var.okam ure;20.Gomphonema augur var.gau tier i;21.Gomphonema augur;22.Gomphonema tergest in um ;23.
Gomphonema seiaper tum;24.Gomphonema mar tini var.genuinum .　　(×1000)bar=10μ;
Plate Ⅱ 　1.Gomphonema longiceps;2.Gomphonema montanum ;3.Gomphonema subclava tum ;4.Gomphonema sub-
clavatum var.commu tatum ;5.Gomphonema graci le;6.Gom phonema lanceola tum;7.Gom phonema lanceola tum var.in-
sig nis;8.Gomphonema longiceps var.mon tana f.minuta;9.Gomphonema angustatum ;10.Gomphonema angustatum
var.citera;11.Gomphonema angustatum var.obtusatum;12.Gom phonema angustatum var.productum ;13.Gomphone-
ma angustatum var.undu late;14.Gomphonema angustatum var.undulate;15.Gomphonema parvu lum ;16.Gomphone-
ma parvulum var.microp us;17.Gom phonema tenellum ;18.Gomphonema clevei;19.Gomphonema manubrium ;20.
Gomphonema vastum var.elongata;21.Gomphonema intricatum ;22.Gomphonema intricatum var.dich tom um ;23.
Gomphonema abbreviatum ;24.Gom phonema olivaceum;25.Gomphonema olivaceum var.calcare;26.Gomphonema inter-
catum var.vibrio;27.Gomphoneisol ivaceoides;28.Gomphoneis quad rip unctum ;29.Gomphonema angustatum var.sar-
cophagus;30.Gomphonema instabi lis f.wanqi i;31.Gomphonema simus;32.Didymosphenia gem inata.　　(×1000)bar
=10μ
2512期 范亚文等:中国黑龙江省异极藻科植物研究(英)