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作 者 ：马立祥;王秀伟;毛子军*;刘林馨;孙涛

期 刊 ：植物研究 2010年 30卷 6期 页码：680-684

关键词：两针松；地理种群；光合特性；生长特性；

Keywords:2-needled pine, provenance, photosynthetic capacity, growth characters,

摘 要 ：为认识两针松中的赤松（Pinus densiflora）、长白松（Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis）和樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica）光合作用对环境变化的响应和适应特征,在其自然分布区内选择地理和气候差异显著的9个地理种群,采集成熟种子并播种于东北林业大学温室，2 a后,测定针叶的光合能力及其相关因子,并同时测定幼苗的株高和基径，比较种间和地理种群间差异。结果表明：赤松、长白松和樟子松种间最大光合速率（p=0.34）、呼吸速率（p=0.15）和表观量子效率（p=0.18）的差异均不显著；地理种群间表观量子效率（AQY）差异显著(p=0.08),其中兴凯湖种群表观量子效率最高，为0.084 5±0.002 4 mol CO₂·mol^-1 photons,较其他种群高13.10%~159.23%。地理种群间呼吸速率(R_d)差异显著(p=0.01),黑河和兴凯湖种群的呼吸速率最高（分别为1.62±0.18 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1，1.52±0.30 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1），安图和东宁种群的呼吸速率最低，分别为0.40±0.01 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1，0.34±0.03 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1。地理种群间最大净光合速率(P_max)差异显著(p=0.02),其中兴凯湖、东宁、韩国、鸡东、二道白河、红花尔基种群的最大光合速率差异不显著，均值为18.36±1.81 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1，高于安图、漠河、黑河种群。安图、漠河、黑河种群间最大光合速率差异不显著，均值为12.57±0.86 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1。地理种群间的株高和基径差异均显著，其中韩国种群株高最高，黑河种群最低；基径兴凯湖种群最高，安图种群最低。株高和基径最大值约为最小值的3倍。两针松针叶的光合能力及其一些相关因子的地理种群间差异可能是其光合机构对种源地环境条件长期生理适应的结果。

Abstract:To understand responses and adaptation of 2-needled pine photosynthesis to environmental changes, we conducted a provenance experiment on Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc(5 provenances),Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis(1 provenance),and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica(3 provenances) respectively. Seeds, collected from 9 provenances with significantly different geographical and climatic conditions, were planted and grew up in greenhouse of Northeast Forestry University. Measurement of the seedlings was conducted after two years. Significant diffrence of lightsaturated net photosynthetic rate(P_max)(p=0.18), dark respiration rate(R_d)(p=0.15) and apparent quantum yield(AQY)(p=0.18) was not be found among the three species, but was found among the 9 provenances. AQY from Xingkaihu showed the highest (0.084 5±0.002 4 mol CO₂·mol^-1 photons), which was higher 13.10%~159.23% than that of other provenances. R_d was high from Heihe and Xingkaihu provnences(1.62±0.18 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1, 1.52±0.30 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 respectively) and lower from Antu and Dongning provenances(0.40±0.01 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1, 0.34±0.03 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 respectively). There are significant diffrence of P_max among the 9 provenances(p=0.02) averaging 18.36±1.81 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 from Xingkaihu, Dongning, Korea, Jidong, Erdaobaihe and Honghuaerji, which higher than that of from Antu, Mohe and Heihe averaging 12.57±0.86 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1. Significant difference was found among the populations in height of seedlings and base stem diameter. Among thises populations, the height of seedlings is highest for Korean population, and lowest for Heihe population. The base stem diameter of seedlings is highest for Xingkaihu population and lowest for Antu population. The maximum of these two characters is 3 times higher than the minimum. The significant variations in the photosynthetic capacity and some related factors from the nine 2-needled pine provenances suggest an evident of ecophysiological adaptation of photosynthesis to their original environmental conditions.

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