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作 者 ：张永智;张强;康晓珊;潘伯荣*;段士民

期 刊 ：植物研究 2011年 31卷 (3)期 页码：347-353

关键词：艾比湖沙拐枣；生境；土壤特征；土壤类型；

Keywords:Calligonum ebinuricum, habitat, soil characteristics, soil types,

摘 要 ：对中国特有植物艾比湖沙拐枣（Calligonum ebinuricum）生境的土壤特征进行了分析。结果显示，艾比湖沙拐枣生境土壤粒径范围集中在中砂(0.25~0.5 mm)和粗砂(0.5~1.0 mm)，为粗砂土；土壤的pH值在7.98~10.24之间，平均值为8.78，整体呈碱性；电导率在0.09~1.41 ms·cm^-1之间；总盐含量为0.525~8.400 g·kg^-1，有些地段存在盐渍化；阳离子中Ca²⁺含量最多，阴离子中SO^2-₄含量最多；土壤养分含量很低，有机质含量在0.829~1.190 g·kg^-1，集中在1 g·kg^-1左右；各样地间土壤盐分含量特征变异系数较大，土壤机械组成和土壤养分变异系数较小。经过SPSS聚类分析和主成分分析，将艾比湖沙拐枣（C.ebinuricum）群落的土壤生境划分为3种类型：硫酸盐型盐渍化风沙土生境、强碱性风沙土生境和普通风沙土生境。普通风沙土生境是其分布的主要生境。

Abstract:As an endemic plant of genus Calligonum in China, C.ebinuricum is only distributed in the vicinity area of Ebinur Lake in Xinjiang. The soil characteristics of C.ebinuricum were studied through a large number of field investigations in this study. The results showed that soil particle sizes in the habitats were concentrated at 0.25-0.5 mm and 0.5-1.0 mm, and the content of clay (<0.002 mm) was nearly zero. Such soil can be considered as coarse sandy soil under the Chinese soil texture classification criterion. The pH value changed from 7.98 to 10.24 with the averaged value of 8.9, leading to alkaline characteristics of soil in the habitats. The electric conductivity was 0.09-1.41 ms·cm^-1; the content of total salt was 0.525-8.400 g·kg^-1. The content of salt was low in the whole soil, while some areas showed saline characteristics. The majority of cations and anions were Ca²⁺ and SO^2-₄, respectively; the content of soil organic matters was low as 0.829-1.190 g·kg^-1, and that of soil organic carbon showed the same situation. By using SPSS Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, three types of soil habitats were defined for C.ebinuricum in this study, i.e., light salinization sand habitat with sulphate, alkaline sand soil habitat and ordinary sand soil habitat, of which the last one was the main habitat for C.ebinuricum. The population of C.ebinuricum could be renewed naturally in these three types of habitats, indicating that C.ebinuricum adapted to these three habitats. C.ebinuricum had the ecological characteristics, such as saline tolerance, alkaline resistance, infertile soil endurance and fitting to sand environment, which can be concluded from the characteristics of its habitats. Therefore, C.ebinuricum can be used not only as a sand-fixing plant in desert areas with light saline and alkaline, but also as a good plant for windbreak irrigated by relatively high salinity groundwater. The results in this study would give guidance to the application of C.ebinuricum as well as provide accumulative basis data for the further study on the relationship between soil and C.ebinuricum.

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